نوع مقاله : Research Paper
نویسندگان
1 استادیار گروه علوم تربیتی. دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی. دانشگاه قم. قم. ایران
2 کارشناس ارشد آموزش ابتدایی، گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد قم. قم. ایران
چکیده
زمینه و هدف: هدف این مطالعه شناسایی مشکلات اصلی حوزه سلامت، بهداشت محیط و ایمنی در مدارس ابتدایی است که بر اهمیت حفظ محیط آموزشی سالم برای سلامت جسمی و روانی دانش‌آموزان تأکید دارد. شناسایی این مسائل برای توسعه راهکارهای مؤثر در بهبود شرایط بهداشت محیط مدرسه و ارتقای سلامت کلی دانش‌آموزان ضروری است.
مواد و روش‌ها: پژوهش از نظر هدف کاربردی بود که با رویکرد کیفی و با روش تحلیل مضمون انجام شد. جامعه‌ی آماری پژوهش شامل خبرگان حوزه‌ی بهداشت مدارس (شامل اساتید دانشگاه، مدیران و کارشناسان دفتر سلامت و تندرستی مناطق آموزش و پرورش، مراقبین و مدیران مدارس با سابقه) بودند که با استفاده از نمونه‌گیری غیرتصادفی هدفمند ملاک‌محور 13 نفر از خبرگان به‌عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. ابزار پژوهش مصاحبه‌ی نیمه‌ساختاریافته بود. اعتبار یافته‌های حاصل از مصاحبه‌ها بر اساس شاخص کاپا (0/72) مورد تایید قرار گرفت. جهت تحلیل یافته‌ها از روش تحلیل مضمون استفاده شد.
یافته‌ها: برای تعیین مشکلات حوزه‌ی بهداشت محیط و ایمنی مدارس ابتدایی از تحلیل مصاحبه‌ها 1 مضمون فراگیر (مشکلات حوزه‌ی بهداشت محیط و ایمنی در مدارس ابتدایی)، 4 مضمون سازمان‌دهنده (ضعف بهداشت فردی؛ ضعف بهداشت محیطی مدارس؛ ضعف تسهیلات بهداشتی مدارس؛ و ضعف وضعیت ایمنی مدارس)، 8 مضمون پایه و 18 خرده مقوله استخراج و شناسایی شد. برای شناسایی راهکارها نیز 1 مضمون فراگیر (راهکارهای حل مشکلات حوزه‌ی بهداشت محیط و ایمنی در مدارس ابتدایی)، 3 مضمون سازمان‌دهنده (آموزش بهداشت؛ بهبود تسهیلات بهداشتی مدارس؛ و بهبود وضعیت ایمنی مدارس)، 8 مضمون پایه و 22 خرده مقوله به‌دست آمد.
نتیجه‌گیری: لازمه‌ی اولیه‌ی توسعه ایمنی، بهداشت و سلامت دانش‌آموزان مدارس ابتدایی برای بازدهی مطلوب تلاش‌های آموزشی و پرورشی معلمان و مربیان به مسائلی هم‌چون بهداشت فردی؛ بهداشت محیطی؛ و وضعیت ایمنی مدارس برمی‌گردد که همواره نیازمند پایش و مراقبت جدی است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Identifying Environmental Health and Safety Problems in Elementary Schools from the Perspective of School Health Experts
نویسندگان [English]
- Zahra Maarefvand 1
- Masomeh NazerAli 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Sciences. Faculty of Literature and Humanities. University of Qom. Qom. Iran.
2 M.A. Department of Educational Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Qom Branch. Qom. Iran
چکیده [English]
Background and Objective: The aim of this study is to identify the main issues related to Environmental health and safety in elementary schools, emphasizing the importance of maintaining a healthy educational environment for the physical and mental well-being of students. Recognizing these problems is essential for developing effective strategies to improve school health conditions and enhance the overall health of students.
Materials and Methods: The study was applied in terms of purpose and was conducted with a qualitative approach and thematic analysis method. The statistical population of the study included school health experts (including university professors, managers and experts from the health and wellness offices of education regions, caregivers and experienced school principals) who were selected as samples using non-random, criterion-based purposive sampling. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. The validity of the findings from the interviews was confirmed based on the Kappa index (0.72). Thematic analysis method was used to analyze the findings.
Results: In order to determine the Environmental health and safety problems in elementary schools, 1 overarching theme (Environmental health and safety problems in elementary schools), 4 organizing themes (poor personal hygiene; poor environmental hygiene in schools; poor school health facilities; and poor school safety status), 8 basic themes, and 18 subcategories were extracted and identified from the analysis of the interviews. To identify solutions, 1 overarching theme (solutions to solve Environmental health and safety problems in elementary schools), 3 organizing themes (health education; improving school health facilities; and improving school safety), 8 basic themes, and 22 subcategories were obtained.
Conclusion: The primary requirement for developing the safety, health, and well-being of elementary school students for the optimal efficiency of teachers' and educators' educational and training efforts relates to issues such as personal hygiene; environmental hygiene; and the safety status of schools, which always require serious monitoring and care.
Open Access Policy: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Safety
- Environmental Health
- Elementary School
- Schools
- MG, A. R. (2013). Promotion Of Health And Hygiene Among School Children By Health Education (No. 2013-5-9). https://www.voiceofresearch.org/doc/mar-2013/Mar-2013_9.pdf
- Bundy, D. A., Schultz, L., Sarr, B., Banham, L., Colenso, P., & Drake, L. (2017). The school as a platform for addressing health in middle childhood and adolescence. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0423-6_ch20 PMid:30212136
- Al Daajani, M. M., Al-Habib, D. M., Ibrahim, M. H., Al Shewear, N. A., Fagihi, Y. M., Alzaher, A. A., ... & Alabdulkareem, K. I. (2021, September). Prevalence of health problems targeted by the national school-based screening program among primary school students in Saudi Arabia, 2019. In Healthcare (Vol. 9, No. 10, p. 1310). MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9101310 PMid:34682990 PMCid:PMC8544408
- Ross, D. A., Plummer, M. L., Montgomery, P., Kohl, K., Siegfried, N., Saewyc, E., & Baltag, V. (2021). World Health Organization recommends comprehensive school health services and provides a menu of interventions. Journal of Adolescent Health, 69(2), 195-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.04.036 PMid:34134935 PMCid:PMC8288030
- Kwabla, M.P., Gyan, C., Zotor, F. (2018). Nutritional status of in-school children and its associated factors in Denkyembour District, eastern region, Ghana: comparing schools with feeding and non-school feeding policies. Nutrition Journal, 2018;17(1):8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-018-0321-6 PMid:29329533 PMCid:PMC5767048
- Ardeshiri, A. & Karimian, Ch. (2018). Investigating the importance of health education in schools and the duties of health educators. The Fifth Scientific Research Conference "From the Teacher's Perspective", Minab. https://civilica.com/doc/866396/
- Kermani, M., Farzadkia, M., Yousefi, Z., and Ghandali, R. (2012). Investigating the environmental health and safety status of elementary schools in Pakdasht city in the academic year 2011-2012. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 22(95), 93-97. http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-1537-fa.html
- Mazloumi, S., Haghighat, Gh., Kolivand, Z., Rahmani, Sh., and Noormoradi, H. (2017). Study of the environmental health status of primary and secondary schools in Abdanan city of Ilam in 2016. Journal of Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, 4(1), 153-163. http://journal.jmu.ac.ir/article-1-143-fa.html
- Ismail, S. R., Radzi, R., Megat Kamaruddin, P. S. N., Lokman, E. F., Lim, H. Y., Abdul Rahim, N., ... & Lai, N. M. (2024). The effects of school-based hygiene intervention programme: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Plos one, 19(10), e0308390. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0308390 PMid:39378207 PMCid:PMC11460677
- Amini, M., Salimi, M., and Tajvidi, M. (2018). Studying the effect of health promotion project on social health behavior of female elementary school students in Karaj District 3. Health and Health, 9(3), 314-321. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/227071/fa https://doi.org/10.29252/j.health.9.3.314
- Ravanmehr, F., Chitsaz, M.A., and Hejazi, N. (2020). Investigating the effect of health education provided by school health educators on the health performance of primary school girls in Isfahan in the academic year 97-98. Health System Research, 17(4), 290-296.doi: 10.22122/jhsr.v17i4.1436
- Sarmadi, M., Bazrafshan, E., Zarei, A., Barjasteh-Askari, F., Jahan-Ara, T., and Tatari, M. (2018). Investigating the environmental health and safety status of elementary schools in Tarbiat Heydariyeh city in the academic year 2016-2017. Journal of Tarbiat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, 6(2), 58-65. http://jms.thums.ac.ir/article-1-433-fa.html
- Aghazadeh-Pir, H. (2019). Investigating the environmental health status of secondary schools in Ardabil city and comparing it with national standards and indicators in 2018. Master's thesis in educational management, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil branch.
- Hafezi, A. & Tavakoli-Ghochani, H. (2020). Identifying factors affecting environmental health and safety in elementary schools. North Khorasan Journal of Medical Sciences, 13(1), 110-116. https://doi.org/10.52547/nkums.13.1.110
- Pradhan, N., Karmaliani, R., & Gulzar, S. (2016). Health problems among school age children and proposed model for school health promotion. Journal of Public Health in Developing Countries, 2(3), 285-290. https://jphdc.org/index.php/jphdc/article/view/76
- Hawazadeh, A. (2020). Designing and testing the content of personal health education in the Boom project from the perspective of teachers and health care workers in elementary schools. Master's thesis in Educational Sciences, Payam Noor University, Isfahan Center.
- Akbarian, N., Bushehri, E., Alizadeh, A. and Aghamolaei, T. (2016). Barriers and facilitators of health education to the public from the perspective of health center personnel: A qualitative study. Journal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences, 5(4), 387-400. https://elmnet.ir/account/login?returnUrl=%2Fdoc%2F1780586-96352
- Sedighi, S. & Sajjadi-Khosraghi, J. (2022). Pathology of the Health Situation of Schools in Iran. Research Center of the Islamic Consultative Assembly. https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/report/show/1774007
- Haji Babaei Taheri, Zahra. (2018). Comparing the nutritional status of school students with and without a health coach and the effect of educational intervention on its improvement. Master's thesis in educational psychology, Al-Zahra University (SA).
- Edalaty, T. (2022). Studying the manner and extent of hygiene observance in elementary schools and the factors affecting it. Twenty-second National Conference on Psychology, Educational and Social Sciences, Babol. https://civilica.com/doc/1979251/
- Elmadani, M., Elamin, E., Tamomh, A.G., Twum, P. (2021). Assessment of the Personal Hygiene Practices among Primary Schools Children, Sudan: A Cross-Sectional School-Based Study. Public H Open Acc 2021, 5(1): 000170. https://doi.org/10.23880/phoa-16000170
- Vijayalakshmi, P., Reddy, M. K., Devi, K. S., & Padmaja, I. J. (2023). Hygiene and sanitation practices in school children: An evaluation of WASH conditions in Visakhapatnam. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 13(5), 301-311.
- Elahidoost, S., Hajihashemi, M., Ghalamkarian, S.M., and Ansaripour, M. (2022). Study of knowledge, attitude and performance of nutritional behaviors of elementary school students in Isfahan province. First Healthy Lifestyle Congress, Tehran. https://civilica.com/doc/1824817/
- Khawa, S.P., Deol, R., Kodi, S.M. (2021). Knowledge and practices regarding personal hygiene among primary school children. Int J Community Med Public Health, 8(11): 5370-5375. https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20214273
)