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آلودگی‌های محیط‌زیستی (شیرابه، پسماند، هوا) مراکز مدیریت یکپارچه پسماند شهری (مطالعه موردی: کوهک)

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد محیط‌زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط‌زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

2 استاد گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط‌زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط‌زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: با رشد سریع جمعیت، به‌ویژه در کشورهای خاورمیانه تولید پسماند با سرعت بی‌سابقه‌ای درحال افزایش است. تکنیک‌های نسبتا ابتدایی، مدیریت نادرست مراکز یکپارچه پسماندهای شهری، آلاینده‌های ثانویه، آلودگی محیطی هوا و آب را تشدید می‌کند. اقدامات ناکافی بهداشت شغلی، کارگران غیررسمی پسماند را در معرض طیف وسیعی از آلاینده‌ها، جراحات، مشکلات تنفسی و پوستی، عفونت‌ها و سایر مسائل بهداشتی جدی قرار می‌دهد.

مواد و روش‌ها: این تحقیق یک مطالعه توصیفی و مقطعی می‌باشد. نمونه‌برداری به صورت تصادفی انجام گرفت. به‌منظور بررسی تغییرات پارامترهای (COD, BOD, DO, TDS, NO2, pH, SO2, NO2, CO,PM2.5, PM10,  درصد رطوبت، کربن، خاکستر، بو) در آلودگی محیط‌زیستی (شیرابه، هوا، پسماند) در مقیاس‌های فصلی و مکانی سه ایستگاه تعیین‌شده در طی سال 1401-1402 مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل‌های آماری توزیع آلاینده‌ها با نرم‌افزار Arc Gis با تابع تحلیل درون‌یابی فاصله معکوس (IDW) به‌صورت نقشه، جداول و نمودارها تهیه و تدوین شد.

یافته‌ها: میانگین غلظت همه‌ی آلاینده‌ها به‌جز (کربن و خاکستر) در فاصله 0-300 متری بیشتر از سایر ایستگاه‌های مورد مطالعه است. بیشترین میزان آلاینده‌های شیرابه (BOD, COD, TDS)، ویژگی پسماند (درصد رطوبت) و هوا (SO2, NO2) در فصل زمستان می‌باشد. کمترین آلودگی مراکز بازیافت در فصل تابستان (CO,NO2) می‌باشد. نتایج نشان داد که از 15 پارامتر مورد بررسی 10 پارامتر مورد در حد مجاز بوده است (66/66%).

نتیجه‌گیری: مراکز مدیریت یکپارچه‌ی پسماند نقش مهمی بر کاهش آلودگی در مراحل اولیه بازیافت ایفا می‌کند. گنجاندن فناوری‌های جداسازی مدرن می‌تواند آلودگی‌ها و هزینه‌های عملیاتی را کاهش و کیفیت مواد پردازش‌شده را بهبود بخشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Environmental Pollution of Material Recovery Facilities (A Case Study: Koohak)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sadaf Moeini 1
  • Seyed Masoud Monavari 2
  • Fariba Zamani Hargolani 3

1 Msc, Department in Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University,Tehran, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Background and Purpose: With rapid population growth, particularly in Middle Eastern countries, waste generation is increasing at an unprecedented rate. Relatively primitive techniques and poorly managed integrated waste management centres exacerbate air and water pollution through secondary pollutants. Inadequate occupational health measures expose informal waste workers to various pollutants, injuries, respiratory and skin problems, infections, and other serious health issues.

Materials and Methods: This research is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. Sampling was performed randomly. To examine the variations in environmental pollution parameters (Chemical Oxygen Demand )COD(, Biochemical Oxygen Demand )BOD(, Dissolved Oxygen )DO(, Total Dissolved Solids )TDS(, Nitrogen Dioxide )NO₂(, pH, Sulfur Dioxide )SO₂(, Carbon Monoxide )CO(, Particulate Matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm )PM2.5(, Particulate Matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 µm )PM10(, moisture percentage, carbon, ash, odor) in leachate, air, and waste across seasonal and spatial scales, three designated stations were utilized during the years 2021-2022. The results from the statistical analysis of pollutant distribution were mapped, tabulated, and charted using ArcGIS software with the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation function.

Results: The average concentration of all pollutants, except carbon and ash, was higher within a 0-300-meter radius than other study stations. The highest levels of pollutants in leachate (BOD, COD, TDS), waste characteristics (moisture percentage), and air (SO₂, NO₂) were recorded in winter. The lowest pollution at recycling centres was observed in summer (CO, NO₂). The results indicated ten of the 15 parameters were within permissible limits (66.66%).

Conclusion: Integrated waste management centres play a crucial role in reducing pollution at the initial stages of recycling. Incorporating modern separation technologies could reduce pollution and operational costs while improving the quality of processed materials.
 
Open Access Policy: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Environmental Pollution
  • Material Recovery Facilities
  • Koohak
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مجله پژوهش در بهداشت محیط
دوره 10، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 37
خرداد 1403
صفحه 48-64
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هم رسانی
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