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نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه علوم محیط زیست، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.

2 کارشناس ارشد، گروه علوم محیط زیست، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.

3 استاد، گروه علوم محیط زیست، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: صنعت سیمان از مهم‌ترین کارخانه‌های تولیدی و تأثیرگذار در شکوفایی اقتصادی کشور است. این صنعت می‌تواند باعث ورود فلزات سنگین به محیط ‌زیست شود. مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی و تعیین منبع‌ احتمالی فلزات سنگین شامل کروم، منگنز، آهن، کبالت، نیکل، مس، کادمیوم، آرسنیک و روی در خاک‌های سطحی اطراف کارخانه سیمان کردستان به کمک زمین ‌آمار چند متغیره انجام شد.
مواد و روش­ ها: به منظور رسیدن به هدف پژوهش، 88 نمونه خاک از اطراف کارخانه در شعاع‌های 500، 1000، 2000 و 3000 متری و از دو عمق 15-0 و cm 30-15 خاک سطحی انتخاب شد. سپس با استفاده از روش­ زمین­ آمار چند متغیره، به بررسی چگونگی توزیع فلزات سنگین و دلیل پراکنش آن­ها در منطقه مورد مطالعه پرداخته شد.
یافته ­ها: بر اساس نتایج تحلیل آماری داده‌های به‌دست آمده از آنالیز خاک، سه مؤلفه اصلی با بیش از 90 درصد واریانس کل در بین فلزات سنگین مورد مطالعه آشکار گردید. مدل‌های دایره‌ای، کروی، نمایی و گوسی به روش‌های کریجینگ ساده، کوکریجینگ معمولی، کوکریجینگ عام و ساده برای پهنه‌بندی پراکندگی مقدار فلزهای مورد مطالعه در محیط نرم‌افزار  ArcGIS 10.2به عنوان مدل­های بهینه شناسایی شدند. صحت نقشه‌های تهیه شده با استفاده از روش‌های میانگین انحراف خطا، خطای قدر مطلق میانگین و ضریب همبستگی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت.
نتیجه­ گیری: پهنه‌بندی مقدار فلزات سنگین نشان می‌دهد که میانگین مقدار فلزهای کادمیوم، آرسنیک، سرب و مس در نمونه‌های خاک اطراف کارخانه بیش‌تر از میانگین استاندارد جهانی است. هم‌چنین می‌توان گفت که ساختار زمین‌شناسی منطقه بیش‌ترین نقش را در آلودگی خاک دارد، با این حال فعالیت‌های انسانی و به‌ویژه کارخانه سیمان کردستان نیز در افزایش آلودگی ‌تأثیر داشته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Mapping the heavy metals proportions in surface soils of the closed Kurdistan cement factory zone

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abbas Ali Zamani 1
  • Elham Ahmadpour 2
  • Abdolhosein Zanganeh 3
  • Younes Khosravi 1

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.

2 M.S.c .Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.

3 Professor, Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Background & objective: Cement manufacturing is the most important and influential industry in the economic prosperity of the country. However, this can be an entrance source for heavy metals to environment. The main objectives of the present study were to identify the spatial variability and main sources of heavy metals including Cr, Mn, Ni, Co, Cu, Cd, As and Zn in surface soils of the closed Kurdistan cement factory zone by conducting multivariate geostatistical analysis assisted with ArcGIS 10.2 tool. Multivariate geostatistics was used to survey the spatial distribution of studied heavy metals and their reasons in the studied area.
Materials & Methods: In the present study, 88 samples of surface soils were collected in radiuses of 500, 1000, 2000 and 3000 m from the center of the cement factory from two depths of 0–15 and 15-30 cm. Results: According to the gained results, three principal factors were appeared with more than 90% of the total variance through multivariate statistical analysis for heavy metals. For mapping the distribution of the heavy metals amounts, four different models including circular, spherical, exponential and Gaussian with methods of simple Kriging, ordinary Kriging, universal and simple Co-Kriging were identified as the optimum models using  ArcGIS 10.2.. The accoracy of the methods were evaluated using coefficient determination, mean absolute error, mean bias error and root mean square error.
Conclusion: Heavy metals mapping confirmed that the levels of Cd, As, Pb and Cu in surface soils closed to the factory are higher than global average amount. Also, it can be mentioned that geological structure of the area plays most important role in  soil pollution. However, anthropogenic activities, particularly cement plant are considered as  another effective factor on soil pollution in the studied area. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Multivariate geostatistical
  • Heavy metals
  • Soil pollution
  • Kurdistan Cement Factory
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