تعهد نامه

مجله پژوهش در بهداشت محیط

شماره جاری

بر اساس شماره‌های نشریه

بر اساس نویسندگان

بر اساس موضوعات

نمایه نویسندگان

نمایه کلیدواژه ها

درباره نشریه

اهداف و چشم انداز

اعضای هیات تحریریه

اصول اخلاقی انتشار مقاله

بانک ها و نمایه نامه ها

پیوندهای مفید

پرسش‌های متداول

فرایند پذیرش مقالات

اخبار و اعلانات

Editorial Policy

Advertising Policy

بررسی مقایسه ای شاخص بهداشت کیفیت هوا (AQHI) و کاربردهای آن در کلانشهر تهران در سال های 86 تا 93

نوع مقاله : Research Paper

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران ، تهران، ایران

3 استاد گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: آلودگی هوا یکی ازعوامل مهم تهدید کننده سلامت انسان می باشد. کیفیت نامطلوب هوا باعث ایجاد آسیب های زیادی بر انسان و محیط زیست و اثرات بهداشتی مختلف می شود. از این رو مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی مقایسه ای شاخص بهداشت کیفیت هو (AQHI) و کاربردهای آن در کلانشهر تهران در سال های 86 تا 93 انجام شد.
 
روش کار: این مطالعه از نوع توصیفی- تحلیلی می باشد ابتدا اطلاعات ساعتی مربوط به چهار آلاینده معیار از اداره کل محیط زیست تهران و شرکت کنترل کیفیت هوا جمع آوری گردید .سپس به وسیله معیار های سازمان جهانی بهداشت اعتبار سنجی گردید و با توجه به دستورالعمل ها، شاخص بهداشت کیفیت هوا محاسبه شد و بر مبنای جداول استاندارد کیفیت بهداشتی هوا در گروه های خطر کم، متوسط، زیاد و خیلی زیاد طبقه بندی گردید.
 
یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که بر اساس شاخص بهداشت کیفیت هوا میزان آلودگی هوا در شهر تهران در وضعیت نا مناسبی قرار دارد و بر این اساس طی سالهای   93-86 به ترتیب در  95 % ، 92 % ، 73 % ، 65 % ، 57 % ، 65 % ،52 % و  46%  از روز ها کیفیت هوا از حد استاندارد تجاوز کرده است که شامل مجموع سطح خطر زیاد و سطح خطر خیلی زیاد می باشد.
 
نتیجه‌گیری: در نتیجه با توجه به میزان بالای آلودگی هوا و خطرات ناشی از آن، بایستی برنامه ریزی و مدیریت مناسبی در بخش بهداشت و محیط زیست جهت کنترل و کاهش آلودگی هوا صورت گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Study on the Comparative Investigation of Air Quality Health Index (AQHI) and its application in Tehran as a Megacity since 2007 to 2014

نویسندگان [English]

  • Majid Kermani 1
  • Mohsen Dowlati 2
  • Ahmad jonidi jaffari 3
  • Roshanak Rezaei kalantari 3

1 Assistant Professor of Environmental Health Engineering Department, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

2 MS, Student of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

3 Professor of Environmental Health Engineering Department, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Background and objective: Air pollution is one of the major factors threatening human health and our environment. This study aimed at the comparative investigation of Air Quality Health Index (AQHI) and its application in the city of Tehran since 2007 to 2014.
 
Materials & Methods: This Study was a descriptive–analytic one. First, the required data were taken from Department of Environment and the Air Quality Control Company.  The data were validated by the World Health Organization criteria .The air quality health index was measured based on the air quality standard tables and classified into low, medium, high and very high degrees.
 
Results: The results  show that according to air quality health index, the level of air pollution in Tehran has been undesirable since 2007 to 2014  and in 95%,92%,73%,65%,57%,65%,52%,46% of days Air quality has exceeded the standard level respectively .So, the level of risk has been high and sometimes very high.
 
Conclusion:As a result, due to high level of air pollution and its dangerous effects,  proper planning and management  should be considered in environmental health sectors to control and reduce air pollution.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Air pollution
  • air quality health index
  • Tehran Megacity
مراجع
  1. Ministry of Health and Medical Education, )2012(. A guide to calculation, determination and announcement of Air Quality Index. Environmental and Occupational Center, Institute for Environmental Research
  2. Wark K, Warner CF, Davis WT (1998). Air pollution Its origin and control. New York: Addison Wesley Longman Press.
  3. Chaaban FB. Air quality. In: Tolba MK and SaabNW, Editor Arab environment: future challenges. Beirut: Technical Publications and Environment& Development Magazine; 2008. P.45-62.
  4. Larsen B. Cost assessment of environmentaldegradation in the Middle East and North Africa region. Cairo: The Economic Research Forum(ERF); 2011. P. 8-9.
  5. WHO training pacage for the health sector.Outdoor air pollution. WHO: 2008. P.6.
  6. Wong CM. Public health and air pollution in Asia(PAPA): Coordinated studies of short term exposure to air pollution and dairy mortality infour cities. Boston: Health Effects Institute; 2010. P.377-80.
  7. Younusian. M. Air pollution epidemiology, studies and the ahead challenges Science and Health Journal. (IranianEpidemiology Congress Sixth):(2010)34-5. (persian)
  8. Ghiaseddin, M., 2006. Air pollution. first edition ed. Tehran: Tehran University, pp 135-50
  9. Colls Jeremy, Tiwary abhishek. Air pollution, measurement, modeling and mitigation. Third edition.2010
  10. Bahrami Asl F, Kermani M, Aghaei M, Karimzadeh S, Salahshour Arian S, Shahsavani A, Goudarzi G.  Estimation of Diseases and Mortality Attributed to NO2 pollutant in five metropolises of Iran using AirQ model in 2011-2012. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2015; 25(121): 239-249 (Persian).
  11. WHO, Burden of disease from Ambient Air Pollution for 2012.
  12. Anderson, JO, Thundiyil JG, Stolbach A. Clearing the air: a review of the effects of particulate matter air pollution on human health. Journal of Medical Toxicology 2012; 8(2): 166-175.
  13. Zhang M, Song Y, Cai X. A health-based assessment of particulate air pollution in urban areas of Beijing in 2000–2004. Science of the Total Environment, 2007: 376(1); 100-108.
  14. Arfaeinia H, Kermani M, Aghaei M, Bahrami Asl F, Karimzadeh S. Comparative Investigation of Health Quality of Air in Tehran, Isfahan and  Shiraz Metropolises in 2011-2012. Journal of Health in the Field, Vol.1, No.4, winter 2014. (Persian).
  15. Kermani M, Bahrami Asl F, Aghaei M, Arfaeinia H, Karimzadeh S, Shahsavani A. [Comparative Investigation of Air Quality Index (AQI) for Six Industrial Cities of Iran in 2011-2012]. URMIA MED J 2014: 25(9): 819 ISSN: 1027-3727 (Persian)
  16. Kan H, London SJ, Chen  G, Zhang Y,  Zhao N, Jiang  L, et al. Differentiating the effects of fine and coarse particles on daily mortality in Shanghai, China. Environment international, 2007: 3(33); 376-384
  17. Kassomenos PA, Dimitriou K, Paschalidou AK. Human health damage caused by particulate matter PM10 and ozone in urban environments: the case of Athens, Greece. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 2013:185(8); 6399-42
  18. Katsouyanni K, Touloumi G, Spix C, Schwartz J, Balducci F, Medina S, et al.  Short-term effects of ambient sulphur dioxide and particulate matter on mortality in 12 European cities: results from time series data from the APHEA project. Air Pollution and Health: a European Approach. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 1997:314(7095); 1658.
  19. Zolfaghari.H, Abedzade.H, (2005). Synoptic analysis of dust systems in West Iran, Journal of  Geography and Development. (persian)
  20. Stieb DM, Burnett RT, Smith-Doiron M, Brion O, Shin HH, Economou V. (2008). A new multipollutant, no-threshold air quality health index based on short-term associations observed in daily time-series analyses. J Air Waste Manag Assoc;58: 435-50.
  21.  WHO, Global health risks: mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major risks. 2009; p. 23.
  22. Ostro, B. Outdoor air pollution. WHO Environmental Burden of Disease Series, 2004(5).
  23. Rojer. D. Griffin. Principles of air quality management.2nd ed, 2007.  
  24. Jonidi Jafari A, Zohour AR, Rezaee R, Malekafzali Sh, Seif A. estimation of respiratory and cardiovascular mortality attributed to air pollution in Tehran based on particles (2006). Teb va tazkiyeh journal 2008; (74-75): 37-47 [ persian].
  25. Wang YQ, Zhang XY, Arimoto R, Cao JJ, Shen ZX. Characteristics of carbonate content and carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of northern China soil and dust aerosol and its application to tracing dust sources. Atmospheric Environment, 2005. 39(14): p. 2631-2642.
  26. Burnett RT, Dales RE, Raizenne ME, Krewski D, Summers PW, Roberts GR, et al. Effects of low ambient levels of ozone and sulfates on the frequency of respiratory admissions to Ontario hospitals. Environmental Research. 1994;65(2):172-94.
  27. Lippmann M. Health effects of tropospheric ozone: review of recent research findings and their implications to ambient air quality standards. Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology. 1992;3(1):103-29
  28. Devlin RB, McDonnell WF, Mann R, Becker S, House DE, Schreinemachers D, et al. Exposure of humans to ambient levels of ozone for 6.6 hours causes cellular and biochemical changes in the lung. American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology. 1991;4(1):72-81.
  29. Balmes JR, Chen LL, Scannell C, Tager I, Christian D, Hearne PQ, et al. Ozone-induced decrements in FEV1 and FVC do not correlate with measures of inflammation. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 1996;153(3):904-9.
  30. Foster W, Stetkiewicz P. Regional clearance of solute from the respiratory. J Appl Physiol. 1996;81:1143-9.
  31. Spannhake EW, Reddy SP, Jacoby DB, Yu X-Y, Saatian B, Tian J. Synergism between rhinovirus infection and oxidant pollutant exposure enhances airway epithelial cell cytokine production. Environmental health perspectives. 2002;110(7):665.
  32. Gauderman WJ, Vora H, McConnell R, Berhane K, Gilliland F, Thomas D, et al. Effect of exposure to traffic on lung development from 10 to 18 years of age: a cohort study. The lancet. 2007;369(9561):571-7.
  33. Ghorbanli M, Bakand Z, Bakand S. Air pollution effects on the activity of antioxidant enzymes in Nerium oleander and Robinia pseudo acacia plants in Tehran. Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering. 2007;4(3):157-62. (persian)
  34. Ardakani. S, (2011). calculate air quality in Tehran using index AQI in 1380, Mcs thesis. Department of Natural sources and Marine Science, Tarbiatmodares University. (persian)
  35. Abelsohn, A. and D. M. Stieb, (2011). Health effects of outdoor air pollution Approach to counseling patients using the Air Quality Health Index, Canadian Family Physician; 57(8): 881-887.
  36. Tota, et al. (2013). "The Air Quality Health Index and Asthma Morbidity: A Population-Based Study." Environmental health perspectives 121(1): 46
  37. Chen, R., et al. (2013). "Communicating air pollution-related health risks to the public: An application of the Air Quality Health Index in Shanghai, China." Environment international 51: 168-173.
  38. Kermani m, Dowlati M, fallah s.(2015). “Assessment of health effects related to air pollution based on AQHI in Isfahan and Ahvaz weather in 1390”The International Conference on Environmental Science Engineering and Technologies. UniversityOf Tehran.Tehran,Iran. (persian)
  39. Kermani m, Dowlati M, fallah s.(2015).” Study of air pollution in metropolitan Tehran On The health of citizens based on air quality health index (AQHI) in years 92 and 93  “ 2nd Conference on New Finding in Enviornment and Agricultural Ecosestems .Tehran University.2015. (persian)
  40. Environment Canada, (2012). Health Canada. Air Quality Health Index. http://AirHealth.ca Adams, R.M.D. Kelly, (2013). Air quality health index mapping: a data driven moddelling approach, CEST2013, Athens, Greece.
مجله پژوهش در بهداشت محیط
دوره 1، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 4
بهمن 1394
صفحه 275-284
فایل ها
هم رسانی
ارجاع به این مقاله
آمار