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مجله پژوهش در بهداشت محیط

مجله پژوهش در بهداشت محیط

مروری بر سیاست‌ها و ابزارهای کاهش آلاینده‌های هوا ناشی از مصرف سوخت در حمل‌ونقل شهری

نوع مقاله : مقالات مرور سیستماتیک

نویسندگان
محدثه زحمت کش عنبرانی 1
علی مودی 1
ضیاءالدین بنیادی 2
1 کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
2 مرکز تحقیقات عوامل اجتماعی موثر بر سلامت، گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
10.22038/jreh.2025.27523
چکیده
زمینه و هدف: تشدید آلودگی هوای شهری در نتیجه رشد ترافیک، منجر به افزایش آلاینده‌هایی مانند ذرات معلق و اکسیدهای نیتروژن شده است. از این‌رو، سیاست‌گذاری در حوزه‌ی حمل‌ونقل شهری به یکی از محورهای اصلی کنترل و کاهش آلاینده‌های هوا تبدیل شده است. هدف پژوهش حاضر، مرور و تحلیل سیاست‌ها و ابزارهای به‌کاررفته برای کاهش آلاینده‌های هوا ناشی از مصرف سوخت در حمل‌ونقل شهری است. 

مواد و روش‌ها: مقالات پژوهشی اصیل از پایگاه‌های داده معتبر انتخاب شدند. در مجموع، 20 مقاله مطالعات منتشر شده بین سال‌های ۲۰۱۵ تا ۲۰۲۵، که عمدتاً از پایگاه‌های داده‌ای مانند Scopus، Google Scholar، Web of Science و Science Direct بازیابی شدند.

یافته ها: سیاست‌های اقتصادی مانند اصلاح قیمت سوخت و هزینه‌گذاری تردد، عمدتاً از مسیر کاهش تقاضای سفر و مصرف سوخت عمل کرده و در بسیاری از موارد با کاهش کوتاه‌مدت آلاینده‌های ترافیکی همراه بوده‌اند. سیاست‌های تنظیمی و اجرایی نظیر معاینه فنی و محدودیت‌های تردد، زمانی اثربخشی بالاتری نشان می‌دهند که پایش و اعمال قانون به‌صورت مستمر و سخت‌گیرانه انجام شود. سیاست‌های فناورانه و ناوگانی مانند برقی‌سازی و نوسازی ناوگان، ظرفیت کاهش پایدارتر آلاینده‌های احتراقی را دارند، اما موفقیت آن‌ها به آمادگی زیرساخت و سرعت جایگزینی ناوگان وابسته است. سیاست‌های رفتاری و مدیریتی ازجمله توسعه دوچرخه‌سواری و مدیریت تقاضای سفر، در صورت ایجاد جابه‌جایی معنادار در مدت سفر، می‌توانند کاهش آلاینده‌ها را از مسیر کاهش حجم تردد محقق کنند. 

نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این مطالعه نشان می‌دهد که هیچ‌یک از سیاست‌ها به‌تنهایی کافی نیستند و موفقیت در کاهش آلودگی هوا نیازمند یک بسته سیاستی ترکیبی است. تقویت پیش‌نیازهای اجرایی مانند پایش مستمر، اعمال قانون سخت‌گیرانه و توسعه زیرساخت‌های لازم، شرط کلیدی و بنیادین موفقیت سیاست‌های کاهش آلاینده‌های هوا در شهرهاست. سیاست‌گذاران باید با توجه به شرایط بومی هر شهر، ترکیبی از ابزارهای اقتصادی، تنطیمی و فناورانه را به کار گیرند تا پایداری زیست‌محیطی و کاهش آلودگی هوای شهری محقق شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
آلودگی هوا
سیاست کاهش آلاینده
حمل‌ونقل شهری
مصرف سوخت

عنوان مقاله English

A Review of Policies and Tools for Reducing Air Pollutants from Fuel Consumption in Urban Transportation

نویسندگان English

Mohaddeseh Zahmatkesh Anbarani 1
Ali Moodi 1
Ziaeddin Bonyadi 2
1 Student Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
2 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده English

Background and Objective: The intensification of urban air pollution as a result of traffic growth has led to an increase in pollutants such as particulate matter and nitrogen oxides. Therefore, policy-making in the field of urban transportation has become one of the main axes for controlling and reducing air pollutants. The aim of the present study is to review and analyze the policies and tools used to reduce air pollutants resulting from fuel consumption in urban transportation.

Materials and Methods: Original research articles were selected from reputable databases. In total, 20 articles from studies published between 2015 and 2025 were retrieved, primarily from databases such as Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect.

Results: Economic policies, such as fuel price reform and congestion pricing, have primarily operated by reducing travel demand and fuel consumption, and in many cases have been associated with short-term reductions in traffic pollutants. Regulatory and enforcement policies, such as technical inspections and traffic restrictions, demonstrate higher effectiveness when monitoring and law enforcement are conducted continuously and strictly. Technological and fleet policies, such as electrification and fleet modernization, have the potential for more sustainable reduction of combustion pollutants, but their success depends on infrastructure readiness and the speed of fleet replacement. Behavioral and managerial policies, including promoting cycling and travel demand management, can achieve pollutant reduction through decreased traffic volume, provided they create a significant shift in travel duration.

Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that none of the policies are sufficient on their own, and success in reducing air pollution requires a combined policy package. Strengthening implementation prerequisites, such as continuous monitoring, strict law enforcement, and the development of necessary infrastructure, is a key and fundamental condition for the success of policies aimed at reducing air pollutants in cities. Policymakers must employ a combination of economic, regulatory, and technological tools, taking into account the local conditions of each city, to achieve environmental sustainability and reduce urban air pollution.
 
Open Access Policy: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Air Pollution
Emission Reduction Policy
Urban transportation
Fuel Consumption
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