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مجله پژوهش در بهداشت محیط

مجله پژوهش در بهداشت محیط

بررسی غلظت سرب و کادمیوم در ساختار ظروف و بسته‌بندی‌های بر پایه‌ی پلیمر مورد استفاده در صنایع غذایی

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان
سهیل اسکندری 1، 2
پریا میری 3
مهسا کریمی سرزامله 3
سعید عاقبت بخیر 4
بهاره محمدی 3
1 مرکز تحقیقات آزمایشگاهی غذا و دارو، اداره کل آزمایشگاه‌های کنترل غذا و دارو و تجهیزات پزشکی، سازمان غذا و دارو، وزارت بهداشت، درمان و آموزش پزشکی، تهران، ایران.
2 عضو شورای پژوهشی مرکز تحقیقات بهداشت و ایمنی مواد غذایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی، یزد، ایران.
3 مرکز پژوهش‌های علمی دانشجویی، بخش بهداشت و ایمنی مواد غذایی، گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران.
4 گروه سم‌شناسی و فارماکولوژی، دانشکده داروسازی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران.
10.22038/jreh.2025.26605
چکیده
زمینه و هدف: بررسی فلزات سنگین غیرضروری مانند سرب و کادمیوم که حتی در غلظت‌های پایین می‌توانند برای انسان مضر باشند، اهمیت زیادی دارد. سمیت این فلزات تحت تأثیر عواملی مانند غلظت، نحوه تماس و ویژگی‌های فردی است و ممکن است منجر به آسیب‌های عصبی، کلیوی، هورمونی و سرطان شود. با توجه به نگرانی‌های زیست محیطی و بهداشتی فلزات سنگین در ظروف پلیمری در بسته‌بندی موادغذایی، بررسی و تعیین غلظت این فلزات از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. هدف این مطالعه، اندازه‌گیری غلظت سرب و کادمیوم با این عناصر در ۳۳ نمونه ظروف پلیمری از ۸ برند مختلف بود.

مواد و روش‌ها: هضم ظروف پلیمری با استفاده از حلال‌های شبیه‌ساز غذایی تحت شرایط کنترل‌شده صورت گرفته و فلزات سنگین استخراج شدند. غلظت مجموع فلزات سنگین (سرب و کادمیوم) پس از هضم شیمیایی با دستگاه جذب اتمی (AAS) اندازه‌گیری و داده‌ها با نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخه ۲۶ تحلیل شد. 

یافته‌ها: آنالیز آماری داده‌ها از غلظت مجموع سرب و کادمیوم در نمونه‌های ظروف پلیمری مختلف به دست آمد که غلظت مجموع فلزات کادمیوم و سرب در نمونه‌ها بین 0/013 تا 0/9305 ppm متغیر بود. کمترین مقدار مربوط به ظروف دو لایه پلی‌استایرن و بیشترین مقدار در ظروف تک‌لایه پلی‌اتیلن مشاهده شد. روش تحلیل با دستورالعمل‌های بین‌المللی اعتبارسنجی شد و مقادیر LOD و LOQ به‌ترتیب در بازه‌های 0/0009–0/0176 و 0/0018–0/0582 میکروگرم بر لیتر قرار گرفت.

نتیجه‌گیری: غلظت کادمیوم و سرب در تمامی نمونه‌ها در محدوده‌ی مجاز استانداردهای بین‌المللی بود. با این‌حال، پایش مستمر و تولید مطابق استانداردهای ملی برای کاهش ریسک آلودگی غذایی ضروری است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
کادمیوم
سرب
بسته‌بندی‌های پلیمری

عنوان مقاله English

Investigation of Lead and Cadmium Concentrations in the Structure of Polymer-based Containers and Packaging Used in the Food Industry

نویسندگان English

Soheyl Eskandari 1 2
Paria Miri 3
Mahsa Karimi Srazameleh 3
Saeed Aghebat-Bekheir 4
Bahare Mohamadi 3
1 Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center (FDLRC), General Directorate of Food and Drug and Medical Equipment Control Laboratories, Food and Drug Administration (IR-FDA), Ministry of Health, Medicine and Medical Education (MoH+ME), Tehran, Iran
2 Member of the Research Council of the Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, Shahid Sadouqi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
3 Student's Scientific Research Center, Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
4 Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

Background and Objective: It is important to investigate unnecessary heavy metals such as lead and cadmium, which can be harmful to humans even at low concentrations. The toxicity of these metals is influenced by factors such as concentration, exposure, and individual characteristics, and may lead to neurological, renal, hormonal, and cancer damage. Given the environmental and health concerns associated with heavy metals in polymer containers used in food packaging, it is crucial to investigate and determine the concentrations of these metals. This study aimed to measure the concentrations of lead and cadmium in 35 polymer container samples from 9 different brands.

Materials & Methods: Polymer containers were digested using food simulant solvents under controlled conditions, and heavy metals were extracted. The concentration of total heavy metals (lead and cadmium) after chemical digestion was measured with an atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS), and the data were analyzed with SPSS version 26.

Results: Statistical analysis of data obtained from the concentration of total lead and cadmium in samples of different polymer containers, where the concentration of total cadmium and lead metals in the samples varied between 0.013 and 0.9305 ppm. The lowest value was observed in two-layer polystyrene containers, and the highest value in single-layer polyethylene containers. The analysis method was validated with international guidelines, and the LOD and LOQ values were in the ranges of 0.0009–0.0176 and 0.0018–0.0582 μg/L, respectively.

Conclusion: The total concentration of cadmium and lead in all the samples was within the range of international standards. However, continuous monitoring and production by national standards are essential to reduce the risk of food contamination and ensure public health safety.
 
Open Access Policy: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
 

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Cadmium
Lead
Polymer Packaging
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