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مجله پژوهش در بهداشت محیط

مجله پژوهش در بهداشت محیط

ارزیابی شاخص‌های آلودگی محیطی فلزات سنگین خاک اطراف کارخانه فولاد خوزستان

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان
فاطمه جعفریان 1
خوشناز پاینده 1
احد نظرپور 2
علی غلامی 3
کامران محسنی فر 1
1 گروه خاک‌شناسی، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران.
2 گروه زمین‌شناسی، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران.
3 مرکز تحقیقات مطالعات آب، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران.
10.22038/jreh.2025.26125
چکیده
زمینه و هدف: آلودگی فلزات سنگین در خاک های سطحی به‌دلیل انتقال ترکیبات سمی به انسان از مسیرهای تنفسی، گوارشی و پوستی دارای اهمیت فراوانی می‌باشند. این تحقیق در سال 1401 با هدف بررسی آلودگی فلزات سنگین آرسنیک، سرب، کادمیوم، نیکل، مس، روی، کبالت و کروم نمونه های خاک اطراف کارخانه‌ی فولاد خوزستان انجام شد.

مواد و روش ها: منطقه‌ی نمونه برداری خاک های سطحی اطراف کارخانه‌ی فولاد خوزستان (50 ایستگاه) و 1 ایستگاه شاهد بود. در این تحقیق نمونه برداری بر اساس روش سیستماتیک با تعداد 50 نمونه خاک با 3 تکرار انجام شد. فلزات به وسیله‌ی دستگاه جذب اتمی AA220Z ساخت شرکت واریان کشور استرالیا سنجش شدند.
 
یافته ها: در محدوده‌ی کارخانه‌ی فولاد خوزستان، بالاترین میانگین مقادیر فلزات سنگین مربوط به کبالت (13/02 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم) و کمترین آن نیز در مربوط به کادمیوم (0/02 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم) بوده است. مقادیر کبالت و نیکل، در نمونه های خاک بیش از سایر فلزات به‌دست آمد. شاخص نمرو آرسنیک 1/95 درون محدوده و 1/84 خارج از محدوده و کبالت 1/43 درون محدوده و 1/31 خارج از محدوده در سطح آلودگی کم و برای سایر فلزات سنگین در سطح بدون آلودگی بود. شاخص‌های آلودگی محیطی فاکتور آلودگی، شاخص زمین انباشتگی، فاکتور غنی‌سازی و شاخص نمرو حاکی از عدم آلودگی فلزات سنگین در خاک‌های اطراف کارخانه‌ی فولاد خوزستان می‌باشد.

نتیجه گیری: نمونه‌های خاک کارخانه‌ی فولاد خوزستان دارای غلظت های متفاوتی از فلزات سنگین بودند که کبالت بالاترین و کادمیوم کمترین مقادیر را در خاک داشتند. بر اساس نتایج شاخص های آلودگی چنین می توان استنباط کرد که فرآیندهای زمین شناسی و اقلیمی تاثیر بالاتری در آلودگی خاک دارند. 
کلیدواژه‌ها
آلودگی خاک
سمیت فلزات سنگین
شاخص های آلودگی محیط زیست
خطر بوم‌شناسی
استان خوزستان

عنوان مقاله English

Evaluation of Environmental Pollution Indices of Heavy Metals in Soil around Khuzestan Steel Co

نویسندگان English

Fatemeh Jafarian 1
Khoshnaz Payanadeh 1
Ahad Nazarpour 2
Ali Gholami 3
Kamran Mohsenifar 1
1 Department of Soil Sciences, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
2 Department of Geology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
3 Water Studies Research Center, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
چکیده English

Background and purpose: Heavy metal contamination in surface soils poses significant risks due to the potential for human exposure via inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact. This study, conducted in 2022, assessed concentrations of arsenic (As), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cobalt (Co), and chromium (Cr) in surface soils surrounding Khuzestan Steel Company.

Materials and Methods: Surface soil sampling was performed at 50 systematically selected stations around Khuzestan Steel Co. and one control station. A total of 50 composite samples, each with three replicates, were collected. Heavy metal concentrations were measured using a Varian AA220Z atomic absorption spectrometer (Australia).

Results: In the area of Khuzestan Steel company, the highest average heavy metal values were for cobalt (13.02 mg kg-1) and the lowest for cadmium (0.02 mg kg-1). Cobalt and nickel values were higher than other metals in soil samples. The NIPI index for arsenic was 1.95 within the range and 1.84 outside the range, and for cobalt it was 1.43 within the range and 1.31 outside the range at low contamination levels, and for other heavy metals it was at a level without contamination. Environmental pollution indices, CF, Igeo, EF, and NIPI, indicate the absence of heavy metal contamination in the soils surrounding the Khuzestan Steel Co.

Conclusion: Soil near Khuzestan Steel Co. exhibited variable heavy metal concentrations, with the highest levels observed for Co and the lowest for Cd. Pollution index results suggest that natural geological and climatic factors influence soil contamination more than anthropogenic sources.
 
Open Access Policy: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Soil Pollution
Heavy Metal Toxicity
Environmental Pollution Indicators
Ecological Risk
Khuzestan Province
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