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مجله پژوهش در بهداشت محیط

مجله پژوهش در بهداشت محیط

ارزیابی ریسک ناشی از مواجهه با آرسنیک و برخی از فلزات سنگین از طریق مصرف آب آشامیدنی در شهر آزادشهر (مطالعه‌ی موردی)

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان
امیرارسلان پرداختی 1
سعیده یوسفی 1
محمد سمیعی 2
1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده محیط زیست، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
2 کارشناسی ارشد، گروه بهداشت محیط، معاونت بهداشتی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گرگان، گلستان، ایران
10.22038/jreh.2025.25882
چکیده
زمینه و هدف: فلزات سنگین از طریق فرآیندهای مختلف به منابع تأمین‌کننده‌ی آب راه می یابند و با ورود در زنجیره‌ی غذایی و تجمع در نسوج سبب ایجاد اثرات سوء بر سلامت انسان می گردند. لذا این مطالعه با هدف تعیین غلظت فلزات سنگین در منابع آب آشامیدنی شهرستان آزادشهر و هم‌چنین ارزیابی ریسک بهداشتی سرطان‏زایی و غیرسرطان‏زایی فلزات مورد مطالعه در این منطقه صورت گرفت.

مواد و روش‌ها: در این مطالعه  (توصیفی – مقطعی) مجموعاً از 10 منبع آب به‌روش لحظه ای نمونه‌برداری انجام شد. غلظت فلزات سنگین  (آرسنیک، سرب، کادمیوم، کروم، روی، نیکل و مس) بر اساس روش های استاندارد توسط دستگاه جذب اتمی  (ICP-MS) اندازه گیری شد. ارزیابی ریسک سلامت انسان‌، با استفاده از روش های مورد تأیید آژانس حفاظت محیط زیست آمریکا  (EPA) مورد سنجش قرارگرفت. 

یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که میانگین غلظت فلزات سنگین  (نیکل، روی، مس، سرب، کروم، کادمیوم و آرسنیک) به‌ترتیب 0/576، 0/487، 0/811، 0/118، 23/29، 0/014، 3/466 میکروگرم در لیتر می‏باشد که بر اساس آن بیشترین و کمترین میانگین غلظت فلزات سنگین به‌ترتیب مربوط به کروم و کادمیوم می‌باشد. نتایج ارزیابی ریسک سلامت سرطان‌زایی کل فلزات در بزرگسالان و کودکان در محدوده‌ی ریسک بالا می‏باشند. شاخص خطر  (HI) غیرسرطان ‏زایی در بزرگسالان در تمام منابع در محدوده‌ی ریسک کم و در کودکان 7 منبع دارای ریسک کم و 3 منبع دیگر در محدوده‌ی ریسک غیرسرطان‌زایی متوسط قرار دارند.

نتیجه‌گیری: در این مطالعه مقدار فلزات آرسنیک و کروم زیر حد استاندارد بود ولی به‌دلیل پتانسیل بالای سرطان‌زایی آن‌ها، ارزیابی ریسک بهداشتی، خطر سرطان زایی در هر دو گروه سنی بزرگسالان و کودکان را برای فلزات آرسنیک و کروم نشان می دهد. بنابراین پایش فلزات سنگین به‌طور مستمر باید در دستور کار واحد‌های نظارتی قرار گیرد.  
کلیدواژه‌ها
منابع آب آشامیدنی
فلزات سنگین
ارزیابی ریسک بهداشتی
آزادشهر

عنوان مقاله English

Risk Assessment of Exposure to Arsenic and Some Heavy Metals Through Drinking Water Consumption in Azadshahr (A Case Study)

نویسندگان English

Amirarsellon pardakhti 1
saideh usefi 1
Mohammad Samiee 2
1 PhD Student, Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Master, Department of Environmental Health, Vice Chancellor for Health, Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Iran.
چکیده English

Background and Objective: Heavy metals enter water supply sources through various processes and, by entering the food chain and accumulating in tissues, can cause adverse health effects on humans. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the concentration of heavy metals in drinking water sources in Azadshahr city and assess the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks of the studied metals in this region.

Material and Methods: This descriptive-cross-sectional study used instantaneous sampling from 10 water sources. The concentrations of heavy metals (arsenic, lead, cadmium, chromium, zinc, nickel, and copper) were measured using standard methods by atomic absorption spectrometry (ICP-MS). The human health risk assessment followed U.S. EPA-approved procedures. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

Results: The results showed that the average concentrations of heavy metals (nickel, zinc, copper, lead, chromium, cadmium, and arsenic) were 0.576, 0.487, 0.811, 0.118, 23.29, 0.014, and 3.466µg/L, respectively. Based on this, the highest and lowest average concentrations of heavy metals were related to chromium and cadmium, respectively. The results of the carcinogenic health risk assessment for all metals in adults and children were within the high-risk range. The hazard index (HI) for non-carcinogenic effects in adults was within the low-risk range for all sources, while for children, seven sources were in the low-risk range, and three sources were in the moderate non-carcinogenic risk range.

Conclusion: In this study, the levels of arsenic and chromium metals were below the standard limit, but due to their high carcinogenic potential, the health risk assessment indicated a carcinogenic risk for both arsenic and chromium in both adult and children age groups. Therefore, we recommend regulatory units prioritize continuous heavy metal monitoring.
 
Open Access Policy: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Drinking Water Sources
Heavy Metals
Health Risk Assessment
Azadshahr
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