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بررسی غلظت فلزات سنگین سرب، کادمیوم و روی در برگ گونه‌های زینتی گل‌کاغذی (Bougainvillea glabra) و برهان‌گلی (Cassia floribunda) در بندر ماهشهر

نوع مقاله : Research Paper

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه محیط‌زیست، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، اهواز، ایران.

2 گروه محیط‌زیست، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، اهواز، ایران.

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: سمیت و پایداری فلزات سنگین در محیط زیست سبب استفاده از درختان به عنوان شاخص زیستی شده است.  این تحقیق با هدف ارزیابی فلزات سنگین سرب، روی و کادمیوم در برگ دو گونه از گیاهان زینتی گل‌کاغذی و برهان‌گلی در فضای سبز شهری بندر ماهشهر در سال 1403 انجام شد.

مواد و روش ها: روش تحقیق از نوع توصیفی ـ تحلیلی بود. نمونه های برگ درختان گل‌کاغذی و برهان‌گلی از 13 منطقه با 3 تکرار در خرداد ماه سال 1403 در شهرستان بندر ماهشهر تهیه شدند. هضم شیمیایی نمونه‌های مورد مطالعه با استفاده از روش جکسون 1980 انجام شد. جهت سنجش فلزات سنگین از دستگاه جذب اتمی Perkin Elmer مدل900T ساخت کشور آمریکا استفاده گردید.

یافته ها: میانگین غلظت کادمیوم، سرب و روی در برگ گل‌کاغذی 0/108، 0/154 و 1/705 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم و در برگ برهان‌گلی به ترتیب 0/120، 0/184 و 1/996 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم بود. میانگین غلظت کادمیوم (0/008= P-value ) و سرب ( 0/035 =P-value) در برگ گیاه برهان‌گلی بالاتر از گل‌کاغذی به دست آمد (0/05>p). میزان روی در برگ گیاه برهان‌گلی بالاتر از گل‌کاغذی بود (0/844= P-value )، اما از لحاظ آماری اختلاف معنی داری مشاهده نشد (0/05<p). مقایسه میانگین غلظت فلزات سنگین کادمیوم، سرب و روی در برگ گیاهان نشان می دهد که مقادیر فلزات سنگین در برگ برهان‌گلی بالاتر از گل‌کاغذی بود و بر اساس تجزیه وتحلیل آماری آزمون مستقل اختلاف معنی داری داشت (0/05>p).

نتیجه گیری: میزان کادمیوم، سرب و روی در برگ گیاهان برهان‌گلی و گل‌کاغذی در محدوده ی طبیعی بود. همچنین کادمیوم، سرب و روی در مقایسه با مقادیر مجاز استاندارد پایین تر می باشند. با توجه به نتایج، به نظر می رسد این دو گونه مورد مطالعه جهت گیاه پالایی فلزات سنگین مناسب نمی باشند.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the Concentration of Heavy Metals Pb, Zn and Cd in the Leaves of the Ornamental Species of Bougainvillea Glabra and Cassia Floribunda of Mahshahr Port

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Khazaei 1
  • Azita Koshafar 2
  • Sina Attaroshan 2

1 Master's student of Environment, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran

2 Department of Environment, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran

چکیده [English]

Background and Objective: The toxicity and persistence of heavy metals in the environment have necessitated usingtrees as biological indicators. This study aimed to evaluate the concentrations of heavy metals, including Pb, Zn, and Cd, in the leaves of two commonly cultivated ornamental plant species, Bougainvillea glabra (paper flower) and Cassia floribunda (burhan flower), known for their adaptability in urban environments, within the green spaces of Mahshahr Port in 2024.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical research involved the collection of leaf samples fromBougainvillea glabra and Cassia floribunda trees across 13 regions of Mahshahr City, with three replications in June 2024. Chemical digestion was performed using the Jackson (1980) method, which involves acid digestion of plant material to release heavy metals for analysis. Heavy metal concentrations were measured using a Perkin Elmer 900T atomic absorption spectrophotometer (USA).

Results: The mean concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Zn in the leaves of Bougainvillea glabra were 0.108, 0.154, and 1.705 mg/kg, respectively. In contrast, the concentrations in Cassia floribunda were 0.120, 0.184, and 1.996 mg/kg, respectively. Statistically, Cd (P=0.008) and Pb (P=0.035) concentrations were significantly higher in Cassia floribundathan in Bougainvillea glabra (P<0.05). However, the Zn levels in Cassia floribundawere slightly higher but not statistically significant (P=0.844, P>0.05). The detected concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Zn in both species were below permissible limits set by the World Health Organization (WHO), indicating minimal contamination.

Conclusion: The concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Zn in the leaves of Cassia floribunda and Bougainvillea glabra were within normal limits and below the standard permissible levels. However, based on the findings, these two species are unsuitable for phytoremediation of heavy metals. These results highlight the broader potential of ornamental plants as cost-effective tools for urban environmental management and pollution assessment, though further studies are needed to identify more effective species for phytoremediation purposes.
 
Open Access Policy: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Heavy Metals
  • Ornamental Plants
  • Bougainvillea Glabra
  • Cassia Floribunda
  • Mahshahr Port
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مجله پژوهش در بهداشت محیط
دوره 10، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 39
آذر 1403
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