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مجله پژوهش در بهداشت محیط

مجله پژوهش در بهداشت محیط

بررسی عناصر بالقوه سمی آرسنیک، کادمیوم و نیکل به وسیله شاخص های کیفی آب و شاخص های آلودگی رسوبات در رودخانه کرخه

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان
لاله رومیانی 1
محمد ولایت زاده 2
1 گروه شیلات، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، اهواز، ایران.
2 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد ایمنی صنعتی، مؤسسه آموزش عالی کاسپین، قزوین، ایران.
10.22038/jreh.2024.24338
چکیده
زمینه و هدف: عناصر بالقوه سمی جزء خطرناک ترین آلاینده های اکوسیستم های آبی می باشند. این پژوهش با هدف تجزیه و تحلیل شاخص های آلودگی محیط زیستی و ارزیابی عناصر بالقوه سمی در آب و رسوبات سطحی رودخانه کرخه در سال 1399 انجام شد.

مواد و روش ها: در مجموع 180 نمونه آب و رسوبات رودخانه کرخه از سه ایستگاه مورد مطالعه بر اساس روش ASTM تهیه شد. سنجش عناصر مورد مطالعه به روش جذب اتمی و سیستم کوره گرافیتی و هیدرید با کمک دستگاه Perkin Elmer 4100 انجام شد.

یافته ها: بیشینه عناصر مورد مطالعه در آب رودخانه ی کرخه مربوط به کادمیوم 8/01 میلی گرم بر لیتر و در رسوبات بیشینه 13/02 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم مربوط به نیکل بود. غلظت کادمیوم، آرسنیک و نیکل در آب رودخانه ی کرخه در سه ایستگاه مورد مطالعه در مقایسه با حد مجاز استاندارد سازمان بهداشت جهانی بالاتر بود (0/05>p)، اما مقادیر آرسنیک و نیکل در رسوبات رودخانه کرخه در ایستگاه های مورد مطالعه در مقایسه با استاندارد ملی سازمان محیط زیست ایران پایین تر به دست آمد (0/05>p). همچنین میزان کادمیوم در رسوبات در ایستگاه اول (0/0=p-value) و دوم (0/255=p-value) رودخانه کرخه پایین تر استاندارد ملی سازمان محیط زیست ایران بود، اما غلظت این عنصر در ایستگاه سوم بالاتر از استاندارد به دست آمد (0/459=p-value).
نتیجه گیری: شاخص های آلودگی آب رودخانه ی کرخه نشان داد که از نظر عناصر بالقوه سمی کادمیوم، آرسنیک و نیکل آلودگی کمی دارد و چنین به نظر می رسد که این آلاینده ها می توانند باعث مشکلات برای موجودات زنده شوند. با توجه به شاخص های آلودگی رسوبات، عناصر کادمیوم، آرسنیک و نیکل دارای غلظت بالایی بوده و تحت تاثیر فعالیت های کشاورزی و صنعتی حاشیه رودخانه کرخه هستند. چنین استنباط می شود سنگ های مادری و فعالیت های انسانی از بالادست رودخانه تا قسمت پایین دست این اکوسیستم آبی را تحت تاثیر قرار می دهد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
ارزیابی کیفیت آب
شاخص های آلودگی
عناصر بالقوه سمی
ریسک سلامت انسان

عنوان مقاله English

Investigating the Potential Toxic Elements of Arsenic, Cadmium and Nickel by Means of Water Quality Indicators and Sediment Pollution Indicators in the Karkheh River

نویسندگان English

Laleh Roomiani 1
Mohammad Velayatzadeh 2
1 Department of Fisheries, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
2 Master's degree of Industrial Safety, Caspian Institute of Higher Education, Qazvin, Iran.
چکیده English

Background and Purpose: Potentially toxic elements represent significant threats to aquatic ecosystems. This study aimed to assess environmental pollution indicators and analyze potentially toxic elements present in the water and surface sediments of the Karkheh River in 2020.

Materials and Methods: A total of 180 samples of water and sediments from three designated stations along the Karkheh River were collected and prepared following ASTM guidelines. The analysis of the target elements utilized atomic absorption spectroscopy coupled with a graphite and hydride furnace system facilitated by a Perkin Elmer 4100 device.

Results: The highest concentrations of the studied elements in the water of the Karkheh River were recorded for cadmium at 8.01 mg/liter, while in sediments, nickel exhibited the highest concentration at 13.02 mg/kg. Comparative analysis revealed that concentrations of cadmium, arsenic, and nickel in the river water exceeded the World Health Organization's standard limits (P<0.05) across all three stations. Conversely, arsenic and nickel levels in sediments fell below the standard set by the National Environmental Organization of Iran (P<0.05). Cadmium concentrations in sediments at the first (P value=0.0) and second (P value=0.255) stations were below the national standard, whereas at the third station, they exceeded it (P value = 0.459).

Conclusion: The assessment of water pollution indicators suggests that the Karkheh River exhibits minor pollution concerning potentially toxic elements such as cadmium, arsenic, and nickel, which pose risks to aquatic organisms. Sediment analysis indicates elevated cadmium, arsenic, and nickel concentrations, likely influenced by agricultural and industrial activities along the river. The findings underscore the impact of geological and anthropogenic factors on the Karkheh River ecosystem, highlighting the need for comprehensive management strategies.
 
Open Access Policy: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Water Quality Assessment
Indicators of Pollution
Potentially Toxic Elements
Human Health Risk
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