تعهد نامه

مجله پژوهش در بهداشت محیط

شماره جاری

بر اساس شماره‌های نشریه

بر اساس نویسندگان

بر اساس موضوعات

نمایه نویسندگان

نمایه کلیدواژه ها

درباره نشریه

اهداف و چشم انداز

اعضای هیات تحریریه

اصول اخلاقی انتشار مقاله

بانک ها و نمایه نامه ها

پیوندهای مفید

پرسش‌های متداول

فرایند پذیرش مقالات

اخبار و اعلانات

Editorial Policy

Advertising Policy

بررسی خطر فلزات سنگین و شاخص های خطر سلامتی و بوم شناسی برخی خاک های سطحی منطقه غرب کشور (یک مطالعه موردی)

نوع مقاله : Research Paper

نویسندگان

1 گروه صنایع غذایی، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران.

2 گروه خاک‌شناسی، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران.

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: با توجه به اهمیت فلزات سنگین بر سلامت انسان مطالعات بسیاری درخصوص این آلاینده ها انجام شده است، اما تاکنون مطالعه بر روی خاک های مناطق اسلام آباد غرب و سنندج انجام نشده است، بنابراین این تحقیق با هدف ارزیابی خطرات بوم شناسی خاک و سلامت انسان در سال 1400 انجام گردید.

مواد و روش ها: در محدوده ی‌‌ مطالعاتی هر یک از شهرستان‌های اسلام آباد و سنندج پنج ایستگاه نمونه برداری مشخص گردید که از هر ایستگاه 5 نمونه خاک با 3 تکرار از 3 نقطه مختلف از اراضی غیرکشاورزی در عمق‌های سطحی، 12سانتی متر و 30 سانتی متری در فصل تابستان سال 1400 جمع آوری گردید. در مجموع تعداد 180 نمونه خاک به روش سیستماتیک تصادفی تهیه شدند. در این پژوهش سنجش غلظت فلزات سنگین به وسیله ی دستگاه ICP-OES مدل Varian 710-ES ساخت شرکت Varianانجام شد. ارزیابی خطر سلامت فلزات سنگین بر اساس روش ارزیابی خطر بهداشتی سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست آمریکا و ارزیابی خطر بوم شناسی فلزات سنگین بر اساس روش‌هاکانسون بررسی شدند.

یافته ها: فلز کادمیوم در خاک‌های نمونه برداری شده منطقه اسلام آباد به‌‌طور معنی داری پایین ترین مقدار را در میان فلزات سنگین مورد مطالعه داشت (0/997= P). میانگین فلز آلومینیم درخاک‌های نمونه برداری شده به طور معنی داری بالاتر از سایر فلزات سنگین بود (0/05< P). الگوی مقادیر شاخص ارزیابی خطر بوم شناسی فلزات سنگین در خاک‌‌های منطقه اسلام آباد به صورت جیوه19/24>کادمیــوم 12/74> نیکـل1/62> منگنـز0/77> آرسـنیک0/40> مس0/26> سرب0/207> روی0/14 و در خاک‌های سنندج به صورت جیوه 12/33> کادمیوم10/44>نیکل 0/77> آرسنیک0/65> منگنز0/63> مس0/39> روی0/13> سرب0/117 به دست آمد. بالاترین شاخص خطر فلزات سنگین خاک در منطقه ی اسلام آباد و سنندج به ترتیب مربوط به فلز آلومینیم و کادمیوم برای کودکان از راه جذب پوستی2/53 و 10-10× 3/3 به دست آمد. 

نتیجه گیری: در این تحقیق غنی شدگی فلز آهن به شدت زیاد و منگنز بسیار زیاد بود. فاکتور غنی شدگی آلومینیوم، جیوه و کادمیوم زیاد و نیکل، مس و آرسنیک در منطقه ی اسلام‌آباد غنی شدگی متوسط دارند. بر اساس این شاخص می‌توان چنین استنباط کرد که خاک‌های مناطق اسلام‌آباد و سنندج تحت تاثیر فلزات سنگین منابع انسان زاد در منطقه هستند. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of some heavy metals and possible health and ecological risk indicators of surface soils of the west of the country: A case study

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hosna Pour Abbasi 1
  • Khoshnaz Payanadeh 2
  • Mehrnoosh Tadayouni 1

1 Department of Food Industries, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.

2 Department of Soil Science, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran

چکیده [English]

Background and Purpose: Although many studies have been conducted on the importance of heavy metals listed among common pollutants for human health, no study has been conducted in West Islamabad and Sanandaj soils. This present research goes ahead to assess the levels of pollution and the potential risks the pollutants pose to the ecology, as well ashuman health in general.

Materials and Methods: Here is the method: 5 stations were selected in the course of study of the cities of Islamabad and Sanandaj, and from each station, 5 soil samples were taken with 3 replications from 3 different points in a depth from surface soil up to 12 cm and 30 cm in it. Several180 soil samples were gathered by casual systematic sampling. In the current research, the contents of heavy metals were measured by the Varian Company ICP-OES model Varian 710-ES. Health risk assessment by heavy metals was determined based on the US Environmental Protection Agency's method of health risk assessment, and heavy metal geological risk assessment based on Hakanson's method.

Results: The content of cadmium metal was significantly the lowest among the studied heavy metals (P=0.997). Index values in the pattern of risk potential assessment of heavy metals in the soils of Islamabad region as mercury 19.24> cadmium 12.74> nickel 1.62> manganese 0.77> arsenic 0.40> copper 0.26> lead 0.207> zinc 0.14 and in soils Sanandaj was in the pattern of mercury 12.33> cadmium 10.44> nickel 0.77> arsenic 0.65> manganese 0.63> copper 0.39> zinc 0.13> lead 0.117. The highest risk index of soil heavy metals in Islamabad and Sanandaj region was obtained for children through skin absorption of 2.53 and 3.3×10-10 for aluminum and cadmium metal, respectively.

Conclusion: The enrichment of iron metaland manganese is very high in this research.The high enrichment factorfor aluminium, mercury, and cadmium, while nickel, copper, and arsenic are moderately enriched in the Islamabad region. It might, therefore, be concluded that soils in Islamabad and Sanandaj regions are influenced by heavy metals arising from the region's artificial resources.
 
Open Access Policy: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Human Health Risk
  • Ecological Risk Index
  • Heavy Metals
  • Surface Soils
  • Pollution Indicators
مراجع
  1. Zhang, X., He, L., Yang, X. and Gustave, W., 2023. Soil pollution, risk assessment and remediation. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 11, p.1252139. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2023.1252139
  2. Khan, S., Naushad, M., Lima, E.C., Zhang, S., Shaheen, S.M. and Rinklebe, J., 2021. Global soil pollution by toxic elements: Current status and future perspectives on the risk assessment and remediation strategies-A review. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 417, p.126039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126039 PMid:34015708
  3. Chen, L., Zhou, M., Wang, J., Zhang, Z., Duan, C., Wang, X., Zhao, S., Bai, X., Li, Z., Li, Z. and Fang, L., 2022. A global meta-analysis of heavy metal (loid) s pollution in soils near copper mines: Evaluation of pollution level and probabilistic health risks. Science of the Total Environment, 835, p.155441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155441 PMid:35469881
  4. Singh, P., Singh, S.K. and Prasad, S.M. eds., 2020. Plant responses to soil pollution (pp. 205-220). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4964-9_13
  5. Zhao, F.J., Ma, Y., Zhu, Y.G., Tang, Z. and McGrath, S.P., 2015. Soil contamination in China: current status and mitigation strategies. Environmental Science & Technology, 49(2), pp.750-759. https://doi.org/10.1021/es5047099 ذPMid:25514502
  6. Islam, M.S., Ahmed, M.K., Al-Mamun, M.H. and Eaton, D.W., 2020. Human and ecological risks of metals in soils under different land-use types in an urban environment of Bangladesh. Pedosphere, 30(2), pp.201-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0160(17)60395-3
  7. Gautam, K., Sharma, P., Dwivedi, S., Singh, A., Gaur, V.K., Varjani, S., Srivastava, J.K., Pandey, A., Chang, J.S. and Ngo, H.H., 2023. A review on control and abatement of soil pollution by heavy metals: Emphasis on artificial intelligence in recovery of contaminated soil. Environmental Research, p.115592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2023.115592 PMid:36863654
  8. Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP). 2014. National soil contamination survey report. Beijing, China: Ministry of Environmental Protection. Available at: http://www.mep.gov.cn /gkml/hbb/qt/201404/t20140417_270670.
  9. US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2004. Cleaning up the nation's waste sites: Markets and technology trends, Washington, DC
  10. Environment Agency. 2009. Reporting the evidence: Dealing with contaminated land in England and Wales: A review of progress from 2000-2007 with Part 2A of the environmental protection act. Bristol, UK.
  11. Pena, A., 2022. A comprehensive review of recent research concerning the role of low molecular weight organic acids on the fate of organic pollutants in soil. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 434, p.128875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128875 PMid:35429761
  12. Yuan, H., Wan, Q., Huang, Y., Chen, Z., He, X., Gustave, W., Manzoor, M., Liu, X., Tang, X., Ma, L.Q. and Xu, J., 2021. Warming facilitates microbial reduction and release of arsenic in flooded paddy soil and arsenic accumulation in rice grains. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 408, p.124913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124913 PMid:33412441
  13. Djahed, B., Taghavi, M., Farzadkia, M., Norzaee, S. and Miri, M., 2018. Stochastic exposure and health risk assessment of rice contamination to the heavy metals in the market of Iranshahr, Iran. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 115, pp.405-412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2018.03.040 PMid:29608982
  14. Pena-Fernandez, A., Gonznlez-Munoz, M.J. and Lobo-Bedmar, M.C., 2014. Establishing the importance of human health risk assessment for metals and metalloids in urban environments. Environment International, 72, pp.176-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2014.04.007 PMid:24791693
  15. Xiao, Q., Zong, Y., Malik, Z. and Lu, S., 2020. Source identification and risk assessment of heavy metals in road dust of steel industrial city (Anshan), Liaoning, Northeast China. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 26(5), pp.1359-1378. https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2019.1578946
  16. Singh, M., Thind, P.S. and John, S., 2018. Health risk assessment of the workers exposed to the heavy metals in e-waste recycling sites of Chandigarh and Ludhiana, Punjab, India. Chemosphere, 203, pp.426-433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.138 PMid:29631115
  17. Penteado, J.O., de Lima Brum, R., Ramires, P.F., Garcia, E.M., Dos Santos, M. and da Silva Júnior, F.M.R., 2021. Health risk assessment in urban parks soils contaminated by metals, Rio Grande city (Brazil) case study. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 208, p.111737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111737 PMid:33396065
  18. Payandeh, K., 2023. Ecological and Human Health Risks Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements Contamination of Surface Soils in Shushtar and Dezful, Iran. Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research, 11(1), pp.28-39. https://doi.org/10.34172/jaehr.2023.04
  19. Rinklebe, J., Antoniadis, V., Shaheen, S.M., Rosche, O. and Altermann, M., 2019. Health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in soils along the Central Elbe River, Germany. Environment international, 126, pp.76-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.02.011 PMid:30784803
  20. Shafeie, B., Barghi, H. and Ghanbari, Y. 2019. Drought Status and its Management from the Viewpoint of Professionals and Households' Heads in Rural Areas of Eslamabad Gharb, Iran. Geographical Researches, 34(4), pp.539-550. [In Persian]. https://doi.org/10.29252/geores.34.4.539
  21. Iran's Statistics Center [Internet] 2017. Detailed results of population and housing census, Eslamabad Gharb. [Published 2016, 6 October Cited 2019, 5 Jun]. Available from: http://mpo-ksh.ir. [In Persian].
  22. Shamai, A. and Nazaninpuri, Sh., 2022. The Analysis of the Quality of Life Indicators in Urban Areas of Sanandaj. Journal of Urban Ecology Researches, 13(2), pp.35-50. [In Persian].
  23. Khosravi, V., Gholizadeh, A. and Saberioon, MM., 2022. Soil toxic elements determination using integration of Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 images: Effect of fusion techniques on model performance, Environmental Pollution, 310, p.119828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119828 https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4086558 https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/ysvba
  24. United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), 1996. Method 3050B: Acid digestion of Sediments, sludges and soils (revision 2).
  25. Hakanson, L., 1980. An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control a sediment logical approaches. Water Research, 14, pp.975-1001. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(80)90143-8
  26. Chang, Y.T., Hsi, H.C., Hseu, Z.Y. and Jheng, S.L., 2013. Chemical stabilization of cadmium in acidic soil using alkaline agronomic and industrial by-products. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 48(13), pp.1748-1756. https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2013.815571 PMid:23947715
  27. Muller, G., 1979. Index of geo accumulation in the sediments of the Rhine River. Geojournal, 2, pp.108-118.
  28. USEPA. 2010. User's Guide (EB/OL). http: //www.epa.gov/Van den Berg, R. 1995. Human exposure to soil contamination: a qualitative and quantitative analysis towards proposals for human toxicological intervention values. RIVM Report no. 725201011. Bilthoven, The Netherlands: National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection (RIVM).
  29. Keshavarzi, A., Kumar, V., Ertunc, G. and Brevik, E.C., 2021. Ecological risk assessment and source apportionment of heavy metals contamination: an appraisal based on the Tellus soil survey. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 43(5), pp.2121-2142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-020-00787-w PMid:33392900
  30. Abrahim G.M.S. and Parker R.J., 2008. Assessment of heavy metal enrichment factors and the degree of contamination in marine sediments from Tamaki Estuary, Auckland, New Zealand. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 136, pp. 227-238. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-007-9678-2 PMid:17370131
  31. Harikumar, P.S., Nasir, Y.P. and MujeebuRahman, M.P., 2009. Distribution of heavymetals in the core sediments of a tropicalwetland system. International Journal ofEnvironmental Science Technology, 6 (2), pp. 225-232.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03327626
  32. Soltani, N., Keshavarzi, B., Moore, F., Tavakol, T., Lahijanzadeh, A.R., Jaafarzadeh, N. and Kermani, M., 2015. Ecological and human health hazards of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in road dust of Isfahan metropolis, Iran. Science of the Total Environment, 505, pp.712-723. [In Persian]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.09.097 PMid:25461074
  33. Sabet Aghlidi, P., Cheraghi, M., Lorestani, B., Sobhanardakani, S. and Merrikhpour, H. 2020. Spatial Distribution of Cadmium in Agricultural Soils of Eghlid County, South of Iran. Archive Hygiene Science, 9(4), pp.311-324. [In Persian].
  34. Bineshpour, M., Payandeh, K., Nazarpour, A. and Sabzalipour, S., 2021. Assessment of Human Health Risk and Surface Soil Contamination by Some Toxic Elements in Arak City, Iran. Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research, 9(4), pp.321-332. [In Persian]. https://doi.org/10.32598/JAEHR.9.4.1233
  35. Borojerdnia, A., MohamadiRozbahani, M., Nazarpour, A., Ghanavati, N. and Payandeh, K. 2020. Heavy Metal Pollution in Surface Soils of Ahvaz, Iran, Using Pollution Indicators and Health Risk Assessment. Archive Hygiene Science, 9(4), pp.299-310. [In Persian]. https://doi.org/10.52547/ArchHygSci.9.4.299
  36. Salmanpour, A., Salehi, M.H. and Mohammadi, J., 2017. Investigating the state of contamination with chromium, nickel and cobalt elements in soils affected by ophiolitic formations in Niriz region of Fars province. Water and Soil Journal, 91(9), pp.772-784. [In Persian].
  37. Mohammad Alizadeh, F., Panahpour, A. and Nazarpour, A., 2018. Investigating the level of pollution and spatial distribution pattern of heavy metal concentration (chromium, nickel, copper, lead and zinc) in Mahshahr Industrial City. Natural Environment Journal, Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 71 (3), pp.399-411. [In Persian].
  38. Holmgren, G., Meyer, M., Chaney, R. and Daniels, R., 1993. Cadmium, lead, zinc, copper, andnickel in agricultural soils of the United States of America. Journal of Environmental Quality, 22, pp. 335-348. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200020015x
  39. Kuzmanoski, M., Todorovic, M., Anicic-Urosevic, M. and Rajsic, S., 2014. Heavy metal content of soil in urban parks of Belgrade. The Journal Hemijska industrija, 68, pp.643-651. https://doi.org/10.2298/HEMIND131105001K
  40. Rate, A.W., 2018. Multielement geochemistry identifies the spatial pattern of soil and sediment contamination in an urban parkland, Western Australia. Science of the Total Environment, 627, pp.1106-1120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.332 PMid:29426129
  41. Khan, S., Munir, S., Sajjad, M. and Li, G., 2016. Urban park soil contamination by potentially harmful elements and human health risk in Peshawar City, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 165, pp.102-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2016.03.007
  42. NEPAC (National Environmental Protection Agency of China). 1995. Environmental Quality Standard for Soils; NEPAC: Beijing, China, GB 15618.
  43. Ganiyu, S.A., Oyadeyi, A.T. and Adeyemi, A.A., 2021. Assessment of heavy metals contamination and associated risks in shallow groundwater sources from three different residential areas within Ibadan metropolis, southwest Nigeria. Applied Water Science, 11 (5), pp.1-20 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-021-01414-4
  44. Guo, G., Lei, M., Wang, Y., Song, B. and Yang, J., 2018. Accumulation of As, Cd, and Pb in Sixteen Wheat Cultivars Grown in Contaminated Soils and Associated Health Risk Assessment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15, p.2601. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112601 PMid:30469364 PMCid:PMC6266899
  45. Wang, Z., Wang, H., Wang, H., Li, Q. and Li, Y., 2019. Heavy metal pollution and potential health risks of commercially available Chinese herbal medicines. Science of the Total Environment, 653, pp.748-757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.388 PMid:30759600
  46. Fan, W., Guo, Q., Liu, C., Liu, X., Zhang, M., Long, D., Xiang, Z. and Zhao, A., 2018. Two mulberry phytochelatin synthase genes confer zinc/cadmium tolerance and accumulation in transgenic Arabidopsis and tobacco. Gene, 645, pp.95-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2017.12.042 PMid:29277319
  47. Munir, M., Iqbal Khan, Z., Ahmad, K., Wajid, K., Bashir, H., Malik,I.S., Nadeem, M., Ashfaq, A. and Ugulu, I., 2019.Transfer of Heavy Metals from Different Sources of Fertilizers in Wheat Variety (Galaxy-13). Asian Journal of Biological Sciences, 12 (4), pp.832-841. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajbs.2019.832.841
  48. Pacyna, JM., 2020. Recent advances in mercury research. Science of the Total Environment, 738, p139955. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139955 PMid:32531580 PMCid:PMC7896243
  49. Bank, MS., 2020. The mercury science-policy interface: history, evolution and progress of the Minamata Convention. Science of the Total Environment, 722, p.137832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137832 PMid:32208250
  50. Hylander, LD. and Meili, M., 2003. 500 years of mercury production: global annual inventory by region until 2000 and associated emissions. Science of the Total Environment, 304, pp.13-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00553-3 PMid:12663168
  51. Proshad, R., Islam, M.S., Kormoker, T., Bhuyan, M.S., Hanif, M.A., Hossain, N., Roy, R. and Sharma, A.C., 2019. Contamination of Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soils: Ecological and Health Risk Assessment. SF Journal of Nanochemistry and Nanotechnology, 2(1), p 1012.
  52. Jia, Z., Li, S. and Wang, L., 2018. Assessment of soil heavy metalsfor eco-environment and humanhealth in a rapidly urbanizationarea of the upper Yangtze Basin. Scientific Reports, 8, p 3256. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-21569-6 PMid:29459724 PMCid:PMC5818520
  53. Guo, G., Lei, M., Wang, Y., Song, B. and Yang, J. 2018. Accumulation of As, Cd and Pb in Sixteen Wheat Cultivars Grown in Contaminated Soils and Associated Health Risk Assessment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15: 2601. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112601 PMid:30469364 PMCid:PMC6266899

 

 

مجله پژوهش در بهداشت محیط
دوره 10، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 37
خرداد 1403
صفحه 31-47
فایل ها
هم رسانی
ارجاع به این مقاله
آمار