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مجله پژوهش در بهداشت محیط

مجله پژوهش در بهداشت محیط

بررسی خطر فلزات سنگین و شاخص های خطر سلامتی و بوم شناسی برخی خاک های سطحی منطقه غرب کشور (یک مطالعه موردی)

نوع مقاله : Research Paper

نویسندگان
حسنا پورعباسی 1
خوشناز پاینده 2
مهرنوش تدینی 1
1 گروه صنایع غذایی، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران.
2 گروه خاک‌شناسی، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران.
10.22038/jreh.2024.24335
چکیده
زمینه و هدف: با توجه به اهمیت فلزات سنگین بر سلامت انسان مطالعات بسیاری درخصوص این آلاینده ها انجام شده است، اما تاکنون مطالعه بر روی خاک های مناطق اسلام آباد غرب و سنندج انجام نشده است، بنابراین این تحقیق با هدف ارزیابی خطرات بوم شناسی خاک و سلامت انسان در سال 1400 انجام گردید.

مواد و روش ها: در محدوده ی‌‌ مطالعاتی هر یک از شهرستان‌های اسلام آباد و سنندج پنج ایستگاه نمونه برداری مشخص گردید که از هر ایستگاه 5 نمونه خاک با 3 تکرار از 3 نقطه مختلف از اراضی غیرکشاورزی در عمق‌های سطحی، 12سانتی متر و 30 سانتی متری در فصل تابستان سال 1400 جمع آوری گردید. در مجموع تعداد 180 نمونه خاک به روش سیستماتیک تصادفی تهیه شدند. در این پژوهش سنجش غلظت فلزات سنگین به وسیله ی دستگاه ICP-OES مدل Varian 710-ES ساخت شرکت Varianانجام شد. ارزیابی خطر سلامت فلزات سنگین بر اساس روش ارزیابی خطر بهداشتی سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست آمریکا و ارزیابی خطر بوم شناسی فلزات سنگین بر اساس روش‌هاکانسون بررسی شدند.

یافته ها: فلز کادمیوم در خاک‌های نمونه برداری شده منطقه اسلام آباد به‌‌طور معنی داری پایین ترین مقدار را در میان فلزات سنگین مورد مطالعه داشت (0/997= P). میانگین فلز آلومینیم درخاک‌های نمونه برداری شده به طور معنی داری بالاتر از سایر فلزات سنگین بود (0/05< P). الگوی مقادیر شاخص ارزیابی خطر بوم شناسی فلزات سنگین در خاک‌‌های منطقه اسلام آباد به صورت جیوه19/24>کادمیــوم 12/74> نیکـل1/62> منگنـز0/77> آرسـنیک0/40> مس0/26> سرب0/207> روی0/14 و در خاک‌های سنندج به صورت جیوه 12/33> کادمیوم10/44>نیکل 0/77> آرسنیک0/65> منگنز0/63> مس0/39> روی0/13> سرب0/117 به دست آمد. بالاترین شاخص خطر فلزات سنگین خاک در منطقه ی اسلام آباد و سنندج به ترتیب مربوط به فلز آلومینیم و کادمیوم برای کودکان از راه جذب پوستی2/53 و 10-10× 3/3 به دست آمد. 

نتیجه گیری: در این تحقیق غنی شدگی فلز آهن به شدت زیاد و منگنز بسیار زیاد بود. فاکتور غنی شدگی آلومینیوم، جیوه و کادمیوم زیاد و نیکل، مس و آرسنیک در منطقه ی اسلام‌آباد غنی شدگی متوسط دارند. بر اساس این شاخص می‌توان چنین استنباط کرد که خاک‌های مناطق اسلام‌آباد و سنندج تحت تاثیر فلزات سنگین منابع انسان زاد در منطقه هستند. 
کلیدواژه‌ها
ریسک سلامت انسان
شاخص خطر بوم‌شناسی
فلزات سنگین
خاک‌های سطحی
شاخص‌های آلودگی

عنوان مقاله English

Evaluation of some heavy metals and possible health and ecological risk indicators of surface soils of the west of the country: A case study

نویسندگان English

Hosna Pour Abbasi 1
Khoshnaz Payanadeh 2
Mehrnoosh Tadayouni 1
1 Department of Food Industries, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
2 Department of Soil Science, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
چکیده English

Background and Purpose: Although many studies have been conducted on the importance of heavy metals listed among common pollutants for human health, no study has been conducted in West Islamabad and Sanandaj soils. This present research goes ahead to assess the levels of pollution and the potential risks the pollutants pose to the ecology, as well ashuman health in general.

Materials and Methods: Here is the method: 5 stations were selected in the course of study of the cities of Islamabad and Sanandaj, and from each station, 5 soil samples were taken with 3 replications from 3 different points in a depth from surface soil up to 12 cm and 30 cm in it. Several180 soil samples were gathered by casual systematic sampling. In the current research, the contents of heavy metals were measured by the Varian Company ICP-OES model Varian 710-ES. Health risk assessment by heavy metals was determined based on the US Environmental Protection Agency's method of health risk assessment, and heavy metal geological risk assessment based on Hakanson's method.

Results: The content of cadmium metal was significantly the lowest among the studied heavy metals (P=0.997). Index values in the pattern of risk potential assessment of heavy metals in the soils of Islamabad region as mercury 19.24> cadmium 12.74> nickel 1.62> manganese 0.77> arsenic 0.40> copper 0.26> lead 0.207> zinc 0.14 and in soils Sanandaj was in the pattern of mercury 12.33> cadmium 10.44> nickel 0.77> arsenic 0.65> manganese 0.63> copper 0.39> zinc 0.13> lead 0.117. The highest risk index of soil heavy metals in Islamabad and Sanandaj region was obtained for children through skin absorption of 2.53 and 3.3×10-10 for aluminum and cadmium metal, respectively.

Conclusion: The enrichment of iron metaland manganese is very high in this research.The high enrichment factorfor aluminium, mercury, and cadmium, while nickel, copper, and arsenic are moderately enriched in the Islamabad region. It might, therefore, be concluded that soils in Islamabad and Sanandaj regions are influenced by heavy metals arising from the region's artificial resources.
 
Open Access Policy: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Human Health Risk
Ecological Risk Index
Heavy Metals
Surface Soils
Pollution Indicators
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