نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه گنبدکاووس، گنبدکاووس، ایران.
2 دانشجوی کارشناسی رشته مهندسی آب دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه گنبدکاووس، گنبدکاووس، ایران
چکیده
زمینه و هدف: در استان گلستان آب‌های زیرزمینی منبع اصلی آب شرب می‌باشد. از این‌رو پژوهش حاضر به منظور ارزیابی خطر سلامت غیر سرطانی نیترات و فلوراید در منابع آب شرب استان گلستان انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: در این پژوهش، آنالیز فیزیکوشیمیایی ۱۳۹ حلقه چاه آب شرب در دو فصل بهار و پاییز از اداره آب و فاضلاب استان جمع‌آوری شد. سپس تغییرات پارامترهای کیفی به همراه عوامل موثر بر شیمی منابع آبی بررسی شد. درنهایت جهت ارزیابی خطر سلامت برای نیترات و فلوراید از دو شاخص آژانس حفاظت محیط زیست آمریکا محاسبه شد.
یافته‌ها: حداکثر غلظت نیترات در برخی از شهرهای استان گلستان بالاتر از حد مجاز استانداردهای آب شرب ایران 1053 و سازمان بهداشت جهانی می‌باشد اما میزان تغییرات فلوراید در اکثر شهرهای استان پایین‌تر از رنج استاندارهای داخلی و خارجی است. ضریب خطر نیترات محاسبه شده برای کودکان در برخی از شهرهای استان بیش از یک می‌باشد. اما برای بقیه گروه‌های سنی کوچکتر از یک می‌باشد. شهر خان‌ببین کمترین مقدار ضریب خطر نیترات را در بین شهرهای استان دارد. همچنین مقدار ضریب خطر در پاییز اندکی افزایش یافته است. نتایج حاصل از ارزیابی ریسک سلامت فلوراید منابع آبی استان گلستان در بهار و پاییز برای تمامی گروه‌های سنی نوزادان، کودکان، نوجوانان و افراد بالغ کمتر از یک می‌باشد.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج ارزیابی ریسک سلامت نیترات و فلوراید نشان داد که کودکان نسبت به بزرگسالان در برخی از شهرها نسبت به نیترات در معرض خطر قرار دارند. اگرچه مقدار پایین فلوراید در منابع آب شرب استان احتمال پوسیدگی دندان را افزایش می‌دهد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Risk assessment of nitrate and fluoride in drinking water sources of Golestan Province
نویسندگان [English]
- Mojtaba G.Mahmoodlu 1
- Tara Sotoudehnia 2
1 Associate Professor at Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran
2 BSc student in Water Engineering at Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran.
چکیده [English]
Background and Purpose: Groundwater serves as the primary drinking water source in Golestan Province. Therefore, this study aims to assess the non-cancerous health risks associated with nitrate and fluoride in the province's drinking water sources.
Materials and Methods: Physicochemical data from 139 drinking water wells were obtained from the Golestan Province Water and Wastewater Company during the spring and autumn. Significant ion variations were analyzed, and factors influencing the chemistry of drinking water sources in Golestan Province were investigated. Non-carcinogenic health risks posed by nitrate and fluoride were assessed using two indicators provided by the United States Environmental Protection Agency.
Results: The maximum nitrate concentration in certain Golestan Province cities exceeds the Iranian drinking water standards (1053) and the World Health Organization's limits. However, fluoride levels in most cities fall below the range stipulated by domestic and international standards. The nitrate risk factor for children in select cities exceeds one, while it remains below one for other age groups. Notably, Khan Bebin City exhibits the lowest nitrate risk factor among the province's cities. Additionally, risk factor values show a slight increase during the autumn season. Non-cancerous health risk assessments for fluoride in drinking water sources across Golestan Province during spring and autumn indicate risk values below one for all age groups, including infants, children, teenagers, and adults.
Conclusion: The health risk assessments for nitrates and fluorides indicate that children in certain cities face a higher risk from nitrates than adults. Moreover, the low fluoride levels in the province's drinking water sources increase the likelihood of tooth decay.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Groundwater
- Drinking Water
- Nitrate
- Fluoride
- Health Risk Assessment
https://doi.org/10.32592/Yafteh.2021.23.3.9
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