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نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد، گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط ، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط ،دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

3 استادیار، گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط ، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

4 استادیار، گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده پرستاری، دانشکده علوم پزشکی تربت جام، تربت جام، ایران.

5 کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی عمران ، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: عناصر سنگین به دلیل پایداری و قابلیت تجمع در بافت‌های زنده و زنجیره غذایی، از مهمترین آلاینده‌های آب-های آشامیدنی به حساب می‌آیند. از این رو مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین شاخص‌های ارزیابی ریسک سرطان‌زایی و غیر سرطان-زایی عناصر سنگین در منابع آب شهر تربت جام در سال 1401 انجام شد.

مواد و روش‌ها: نمونه‌برداری از 16 منبع آب زیرزمینی و خاک اطراف منابع آب شهر تربت‌جام در دو فصل تابستان و پاییز سال 1401 صورت گرفت. غلظت 5 عنصر سنگین آرسنیک، جیوه، سرب، کادمیوم و مس با استفاده از دستگاه جذب اتمی Varian مورد سنجش قرار گرفت و در نهایت میزان خطر بهداشتی برای سه گروه مختلف با کمک شاخص‌های آژانس حفاظت از محیط زیست آمریکا محاسبه شد.

یافته‌ها: میانگین غلظت عناصر سنگین در آب در تابستان به ترتیب برای آرسنیک:0/0027 ± 0/0035، جیوه: 0/00019 ± 0/00035، سرب: 0/0011 ± 0/0023، کادمیوم: 0/0002 ± 0/0002و مس: 0/0046± 0/0078 در پاییز آرسنیک: 0/0082 ± 0/0081، جیوه: 0/0018 ± 0/0008، سرب: 0/0056 ± 0/0058، کادمیوم: 0/00084 ± 0/00083و مس: 0/0091 ± 0/0068 و در خاک آرسنیک: 0/011 ± 0/053، جیوه: 0/0086 ± 0/0068، سرب: 0/131 ± 186/ 0، کادمیوم: 0/0002± 00047/ 0 و مس: 0/12± 0/24  میلی‎گرم بر لیتر بدست آمد. همچنین میزان ریسک غیرسرطان‌زایی عناصر سنگین مورد بررسی پایین بود. در حالی که میزان ریسک سرطان‌زایی برای آرسنیک در هر دو فصل خیلی بالا، برای کادمیوم در فصل پاییز در حد متوسط و برای سایر عناصر در محدوده تعیین شده استاندارد بدست آمد.

نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به بالا بودن میزان ریسک سرطان‌زایی آرسنیک در هر سه گروه زنان، مردان و کودکان در دو فصل تابستان و پاییز، پایش آرسنیک باید بطور مستمر در دستور کار واحدهای نظارتی قرار گیرد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Determining the indicators of carcinogenic risk assessment of heavy elements in the water resources of the Torbat-e Jam city in 2022

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hosein Aalidadi 1
  • Zahra Karimi 2
  • Aliakbar Dehghan 3
  • Hamed Mohammadi 4
  • Maryam Paydar 5

1 Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

2 MSc student, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

4 Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Nursing, Torbat Jam Faculty of Medical Sciences, Torbat Jam, Iran.

5 Master of Civil Engineering ,School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Background and Purpose : Heavy metals are among the most critical contaminants in drinking water, owing to their stability and accumulation capability in living tissues and the food chain. Consequently, this study was conducted to determine the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment indices for heavy metals in the water sources of Torbat-e Jam City in 2023.

Materials and Methods : Samples were collected from 16 groundwater sources and the surrounding soil of Torbat-e Jam City during the summer and autumn of 2023. Concentrations of five heavy metals - arsenic, mercury, lead, cadmium, and copper - were measured using a Varian atomic absorption spectrometer. Finally, the health risk levels for three different groups were calculated using indices provided by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the United States.

Results: The average concentrations of heavy metals in water during summer were as follows: arsenic: 0.0027 ± 0.0035 mg/L, mercury: 0.00019 ± 0.00035 mg/L, lead: 0.0011 ± 0.0023 mg/L, cadmium: 0.0002 ± 0.0002 mg/L, and copper: 0.0046 ± 0.0078 mg/L. In autumn, the concentrations were arsenic: 0.0082 ± 0.0081 mg/L, mercury: 0.0018 ± 0.0008 mg/L, lead: 0.0056 ± 0.0058 mg/L, cadmium: 0.00084 ± 0.00083 mg/L, and copper: 0.0091 ± 0.0068 mg/L. In soil, the concentrations were arsenic: 0.011 ± 0.053 mg/L, mercury: 0.0086 ± 0.0068 mg/L, lead: 0.131 ± 0.186 mg/L, cadmium: 0.0002 ± 0.00047 mg/L, and copper: 0.12 ± 0.24 mg/L. The study found the non-carcinogenic risk levels of the examined heavy metals to be low. However, the carcinogenic risk level for arsenic was very high in both seasons, for cadmium was moderate in autumn, and for the other elements, it was within the standard limits.

Conclusion : Given the high carcinogenic risk of arsenic for women, men, and children in both summer and autumn, continuous monitoring of arsenic levels should be a priority for regulatory agencies.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Risk Assessment
  • Groundwater
  • Torbat-e Jam
  • Carcinogenicity
  • Heavy Metals
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