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نوع مقاله : Research Paper

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط زیست، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران

2 گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط زیست، مرکز تحقیقات پسماند و پساب، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: زاینده‌رود، تنها رودخانه‌ دائمی فلات مرکزی ایران است. این رودخانه در معرض تخلیه‌ گسترده‌ فاضلاب و پساب از چندین منبع آلودگی نقطه‌ای و غیر نقطه‌ای قرار گرفته‌ است. بر این اساس، مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی کیفیت رسوب رودخانه زاینده‌رود انجام گرفت.
مواد و روش‌ها: در این مطالعه نمونه‌برداری از رسوبات در 3 تکرار در 6 ایستگاه در حاشیه رودخانه زاینده‌رود در فصول بهار، تابستان، پاییز و زمستان سال 1399 انجام شد. سپس غلظت سرب و کادمیوم تعیین شد. در نهایت، فاکتور تجمع زیستی، شاخص ژئوشیمیایی مولر، فاکتور آلودگی، درجه آلودگی، درجه آلودگی اصلاح ‌شده، شاخص خطر اکولوژیکی بالقوه و شاخص بارِ آلودگی فلزات سنگین محاسبه شد.
یافته‌ها: بر اساس نتایج، میانگین غلظت کادمیوم در بهار، تابستان، پاییز و زمستان به‌ترتیب 18/1، 13/1، 08/1 و 54/0 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم و میانگین غلظت سرب به‌ترتیب 13/26، 04/23، 96/23 و 17/11 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم بود. شاخص ارزیابی خطر اکولوژیکی در فصل بهار، تابستان و پاییز، منطقه را در معرض خطر اکولوژیکی متوسط و در فصل زمستان، منطقه را در معرض خطر اکولوژیکی کم ارزیابی کرد. 
نتیجه‌گیری: در مقایسه میانگین غلظت فلزات با مقادیر استاندارد کیفیت رسوب کانادا برای آب‌های شیرین، میزان سرب موجود در رسوبات از میزان استاندارد کمتر بود، اما کادمیوم بیش از میزان استاندارد بود. یافته‌های این پژوهش، وضعیت بحرانی رودخانه را به‌عنوان مهم‌ترین منبع آب شیرین در فلات مرکزی ایران نشان می‌دهد. علاوه‌ بر‌این، این مطالعه می‌تواند به‌عنوان مبنایی برای اجرای سیاست‌هایی در جهت کاهش تجمع فلزات سنگین در محیط‌های آبی باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Ecological risk assessment of Lead and Cadmium in Zayandeh-rud river sediments

نویسندگان [English]

  • Masoomeh Koohi 1
  • Atefeh Chamani 2

1 Ph.D students in Environmental sciences and Engineering Department, Isfahan (khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.

2 Environmental sciences and Engineering Department, Waste and Wastewater Research Center, Isfahan (khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Background and Purpose: The Zayandeh-Rud River is the sole permanent river in the central plateau of Iran. This river has been extensively exposed to sewage and effluent discharge from various point and non-point sources of pollution. Consequently, the sediment quality of the Zayandeh-Rud River was investigated.
Materials and methods: Sediment sampling was conducted in triplicates at six stations along the Zayandeh-Rud River during the spring, summer, autumn, and winter of 2019-2020. The concentrations of lead and cadmium were then determined. Subsequently, the bioaccumulation factor, Müller's geochemical index, contamination factor, contamination degree, modified contamination degree, potential ecological risk index, and pollution load index were calculated.
Results: The results indicated that the mean concentrations of cadmium in spring, summer, autumn, and winter were 1.18, 1.13, 1.08, and 0.54 mg/kg, respectively. Additionally, the mean concentration of lead was 26.13, 23.04, 23.96, and 11.17 mg/kg, respectively. The ecological risk assessment index revealed that the region was at a moderate ecological risk during spring, summer, and autumn, while during winter, it was at a low ecological risk.
Conclusion: A comparison between the mean metal concentrations and the Canadian sediment quality standard values for fresh waters demonstrated that the lead concentration in sediments is lower than the standard value, whereas cadmium exceeds the standard value. These results highlight the pollution status of the river, which is the primary source of freshwater in the central plateau of Iran. Moreover, this study can serve as a basis for implementing policies to mitigate the accumulation of heavy metals in aquatic ecosystems.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cadmium
  • Ecological risk
  • Lead
  • Sediment
  • Zayandeh-Rud River
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