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بررسی غلظت فلزات سنگین در ذرات معلق هوای منطقه 21 شهر تهران

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشى اصیل کمی و کیفی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای گروه علوم محیط‌زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط‌زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران،ایران

2 استاد تمام گروه مهندسی محیط‌زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط‌زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران،ایران (مسئول مکاتبات)*

3 دانشیار گروه علوم محیط‌زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط‌زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

4 دانشیار گروه علوم محیط‌زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: مطالعه حاضر باهدف سنجش غلظت فلزات سنگین موجود در ذرات معلق و مقایسه آن در پنج نوع کاربری متفاوت در منطقه 21 شهر تهران انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: روش کار طبق استاندارد ASTM D4096 و EPA اجرایی شد. نمونه‌برداری با استفاده از پمپ حجم بالا و طی مدت‌زمان 20 دقیقه صورت گرفت. نمونه‌برداری‌ها در هر شش روز یک‌بار از پنج ایستگاه منطقه 21 در بهار 1400 انجام شد. تعداد 20 نمونه فعال از کل ذرات معلق هوا از ایستگاه‌های مسکونی، نیمه مسکونی، صنعتی، نیمه‌صنعتی و پارک برداشت شد. غلظت ذرات معلق هوا با روش گراویمتری و فلزات سنگین متصل به ذرات با استفاده از دستگاه ICP-OES آنالیز شد. جهت تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها از آزمون‌های توصیفی نرم‌افزار آماری SPSS استفاده شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان می‌دهد که کمترین غلظت TSP در ایستگاه مسکونی با 34/42 µg/m³ و بیشترین غلظت در ایستگاه صنعتی با 30/253 µg/m3 می‌باشد. در همه کاربری‌ها به‌جز ایستگاه پارک عنصر آلومینیوم بیشترین غلظت و عنصر لیتیم کمترین غلظت را دارد. میانگین غلظت فلزات سنگین در منطقه 21 به ترتیب روند افزایشی Al>Cr>Zn>Fe>Mg>Sr>Ti>W>Pb>Li می‌باشد.
نتیجه‌گیری: فلزات سنگین موجود در ذرات معلق هوای منطقه 21 از غلظت و تنوع بالایی برخوردار است. از عوامل موثر بر آلایندگی منطقه مورد مطالعه می توان به منابعی از قبیل صنایع، فرودگاه و وسایل نقلیه سبک اشاره کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Airborne Particles in District 21 of Tehran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Reza Karimi 1
  • Nabiollah Mansouri 2
  • Lobat Taghavi 3
  • Mazaher Moeinaddini 4

1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-3857-1971 ORCID

2 Professor, Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran (Correspondence Officer) *

3 Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

4 Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

چکیده [English]

Background and Aim: This study aimed to measure heavy metal concentration in the suspended particles which compare it in five different land uses in district 21 of Tehran.
Materials and Methods: The procedure was performed based on the ASTM D4096 and EPA standards. The sampling was performed using a high-volume pump for 20 minutes. The sampling was done every six days from five stations in district 21 in the spring of 2021. A total of 20 active samples of total airborne particles were collected from the residential, semi-residential, industrial, semi-industrial, and park stations. The airborne particle concentration was analyzed by the gravimetric method, and heavy metals were attached to particles using the ICP-OES. Descriptive tests of SPSS statistical software were used to analyze the data.
Results: The results show that the lowest concentration of TSP is in the residential station with 42.34 µg/m3 and the highest concentration is in the industrial station with 253.30 µg/m3. In all applications except the park station, the aluminum has the highest concentration, and the lithium has the lowest concentration. The average concentration of the heavy metals in district 21 is an increasing trend of Al> Cr> Zn> Fe> Mg> Sr> Ti> W> Pb> Li, respectively.
Conclusion: The heavy metals in the airborne particles of district 21 have a high concentration and diversity. The factors affecting pollution in the study area include the resources, such as the industries, airports, and light vehicles.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Pollution concentration
  • Heavy metals in air
  • Total suspended particles
  • Tehran city
  • Sources
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مجله پژوهش در بهداشت محیط
دوره 8، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 30
مرداد 1401
صفحه 136-147
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