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مجله پژوهش در بهداشت محیط

مجله پژوهش در بهداشت محیط

غلظت سرب، کادمیوم و آرسنیک در پودر قهوه فوری و ارزیابی خطر سلامت مرتبط با مصرف آن

نوع مقاله : Research Paper

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکترای تخصصی، گروه بهداشت مواد غذایی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران.
2 گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد شهرکرد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شهرکرد، ایران.
3 گروه بهداشت مواد غذایی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، واحد شهرکرد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شهرکرد، ایران.
چکیده
زمینه و هدف: قهوه ممکن است در مراحل تولید و عرضه به فلزات سمی آلوده شود. این مطالعه با هدف تعیین غلظت سرب (Pb)، کادمیوم (Cd) و آرسنیک (As) در پودر قهوه فوری عرضه‌شده در شهر اصفهان و ارزیابی خطر بالقوه سلامت ناشی از مواجهه با این فلزات انجام شد.

مواد و روش ها: در این مطالعه توصیفی‌ـ‌تحلیلی، 50 نمونه پودر قهوه فوری از پنج فروشگاه در شهر اصفهان به روش تصادفی جمع‌آوری شد. غلظت فلزات با استفاده از طیف‌سنجی جذب اتمی (AAS) اندازه‌گیری شد. ارزیابی خطر سلامت بر اساس دریافت روزانه تخمینی (EDI)، ضریب خطر هدف (THQ)، شاخص خطر تجمعی (HI) و خطر سرطان‌زایی مادام‌العمر (ILCR) انجام گرفت. در سناریوی پایه، مصرف روزانه 15 گرم قهوه و وزن بدن 70 کیلوگرم در نظر گرفته شد. هم‌چنین، تحلیل حساسیت با سناریوهای مصرف 15، 30 و 45 گرم در روز و با استفاده از میانگین، صدک 95 و حداکثر غلظت اندازه‌گیری‌شده انجام شد.

یافته‌ها: میانگین غلظت سرب، کادمیوم و آرسنیک به‌ترتیب 0/03988، 0/02432 و 0/04060 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم بود. مقادیر THQ و HI کمتر از یک گزارش شدند و آرسنیک بیشترین سهم را در خطر غیرسرطان‌زایی داشت. در ارزیابی سرطان‌زایی، آرسنیک و کادمیوم سهم قابل‌توجه‌تری داشتند.

نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج، مواجهه بالقوه با فلزات مورد بررسی را در نمونه‌های مطالعه نشان داد؛ با این‌حال، تفسیر خطر به مفروضات مصرف و پارامترهای سم‌شناختی وابسته است. با توجه به اندازه‌گیری فلزات در پودر قهوه و بررسی‌نشدن مستقیم انتقال آن‌ها به نوشیدنی، نتیجه‌گیری قطعی درباره ایمنی مصرف امکان‌پذیر نیست. پایش مستمر آلودگی فلزی قهوه توصیه می‌شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Lead, Cadmium, and Arsenic in Instant Coffee Powder: Concentrations and Health Risk Assessment

نویسندگان English

Mohammad amin Heidarzadi 1
Somayeh Tirbakhsh-Gouran, 2
Najmeh Vahed-Dehkordi 3
Seyedeh khadijeh Ahmadi SheikhSahabni 1
1 Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
3 Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
چکیده English

Background and Objective: Coffee may be contaminated with toxic metals during production and distribution. This study aimed to determine lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) concentrations in instant coffee powder marketed in Isfahan, Iran, and assess the potential health risks associated with consumption.

Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 50 instant coffee powder samples were randomly collected from five stores in Isfahan. Metal concentrations were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Data normality was assessed using the Shapiro–Wilk test. Health risks were evaluated using estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), hazard index (HI), and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR). The baseline scenario assumed a daily consumption of 15 g of coffee and a body weight of 70 kg. Sensitivity analysis considered consumption rates of 15, 30, and 45 g/day and mean, 95th-percentile, and maximum measured concentrations.

Results: Mean Pb, Cd, and As concentrations were 0.03988, 0.02432, and 0.04060 mg/kg, respectively. THQ and HI values were below 1, with arsenic contributing most to the estimated non-carcinogenic risk. Arsenic and cadmium contributed more substantially to the estimated carcinogenic risk.

Conclusion: The findings indicate potential exposure to the investigated metals through the analyzed coffee samples. However, risk estimates depend on consumption assumptions and toxicological parameters. Because metal transfer from coffee powder to the prepared beverage was not directly measured, definitive conclusions about consumption safety cannot be drawn. Continued monitoring of metal contamination in coffee is recommended.

Open Access Policy: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Coffee
Heavy Metals
Health Risk Assessment
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
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