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بررسی فرآیند کربونیزاسیون هیدروترمال در بهینه‌سازی تولید هیدروچار تولیدی از پسماندهای فیلتر سیگار

مقالات آماده انتشار

نوع مقاله : Research Paper

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده علوم پزشکی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده علوم پزشکی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

3 استاد گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده علوم پزشکی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: فیلتر سیگار از پسماندهای خطرناک شهری بوده و هدف این مطالعه، بررسی فرآیند کربونیزاسیون هیدروترمال برای تولید هیدروچار با بیشترین ارزش حرارتی و بازده جرمی از این پسماند بوده است.

مواد و روش‌ها: فرآیند کربونیزاسیون هیدروترمال در راکتور بسته و با استفاده از طراحی آزمایش سطح-پاسخ روی فیلترهای سیگار انجام شد. اثر متغیرهای مستقل دما (300-180 درجه سانتی‌گراد)، زمان واکنش (360-30 دقیقه) و نسبت مایع-به-جامد (۱:۱ تا 1:10) بر ارزش حرارتی و بازده جرمی بررسی گردید. هیدروچار تولیدی با آنالیزهای CHNSO، BET،SEM  و FTIR  بررسی شد.

یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که مدل درجه دوم با R2 0/9911 و 0/9893 به‌ترتیب با داده‌های ارزش حرارتی و بازده جرمی برازش دارد. تحلیل واریانس نیز معناداری اثر متغیرهای مستقل و برخی برهمکنش‌ها را تأیید و شرایط بهینه برای حداکثر ارزش حرارتی (28/75 مگاژول بر کیلوگرم) و بازده جرمی (74/91 درصد) در دمای ۲۳۲ درجه سانتی‌گراد، زمان ۹۷ دقیقه و نسبت مایع-به-جامد 1:3 به‌دست آمد. سطح ویژه هیدروچار (10/11 مترمربع بر گرم) نسبت به ماده اولیه (18/64 مترمربع بر گرم) کاهش و طیف FTIR  افزایش شدید باند هیدروکسیل (O-H) در محدوده 3200-3700 بر سانتیمتر و پایداری نسبی گروه‌های کربونیل (C=O) و آلکیل (C-H) را نشان داد. نسبت‌های اتمی H/C در هیدروچار از 2/23 به 1/13 و O/C نیز از 0/57 به 0/41 تغییر و بر طبق نمودار ون‌کرولن در منطقه سوخت‌های با بلوغ کربنی بالاتر رسید.

نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج نشان داد که فرآیند کربونیزاسیون هیدروترمال می‌تواند به‌طور مؤثری پسماند فیلتر سیگار را به هیدروچار با کیفیت سوختی مناسب تبدیل کند. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of Hydrothermal Carbonization Process for Optimizing Hydrochar Production from Cigarette Filter Waste

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ebrahim Yazdani 1
  • Sakine Shekoohiyan 2
  • Gholamreza Moussavi 3

1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

3 Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Background and Objective: Cigarette filters are hazardous municipal solid waste. This study investigated hydrothermal carbonization to produce hydrochar with maximum higher heating value and mass yield from this waste. 

Materials and Methods: The process was conducted in a batch reactor using response surface methodology on cigarette filters. The effects of temperature (180-300 °C), time (30-360 min), and liquid-to-solid ratio (1:1-10:1) on higher heating value and mass yield were evaluated. Hydrochar was characterized via CHNSO, BET, SEM, and FTIR analyses.

Results: A quadratic model fitted the data well, with R² values of 0.9911 and 0.9893 for heating value and mass yield, respectively. Analysis of variance confirmed the significance of independent variables and some interactions. Optimal conditions for maximum heating value (28.75 MJ/kg) and mass yield (74.91%) were 232 °C, 97 min, and a 3:1 liquid-to-solid ratio. Hydrochar surface area (10.11 m²/g) decreased compared to the feedstock (18.64 m²/g). FTIR revealed intensified hydroxyl (O-H) bands (3700-3200 cm⁻¹) and stable carbonyl (C=O) and alkyl (C-H) groups. Atomic H/C and O/C ratios changed from 2.23 to 1.13 and 0.57 to 0.41, respectively, indicating higher carbon maturity on the Van Krevelen diagram.

Conclusion: Hydrothermal carbonization can effectively convert cigarette filter waste into hydrochar with suitable fuel quality.
 
Open Access Policy: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Analysis of Variance
  • Cellulose Acetate
  • Hydrothermal Carbonization
  • Waste Management
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