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ارزیابی محتوی و منشا آلودگی فلزات سنگین در خاک سطحی حاشیه جاده: مطالعه موردی

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران

2 گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط‌ زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: حمل و نقل جاده‌‏ای یکی از مهم‌ترین و بزرگ‏ترین منابع آلودگی فلزی است که بوم‌سازگان حاشیه جاده‌ را به مناطقی آلوده تبدیل کرده است. از این‌رو، این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی آلودگی و منشأیابى عناصر روی، سرب، کادمیم، کبالت، کروم، مس، منگنز و نیکل در خاک سطحی حاشیه برخی جاده‏‌های همدان در سال 1398 انجام یافت.

مواد و روش‌ها: در این مطالعه توصیفی-مقطعی، 63 نمونه خاک سطحی در طول 700 متر از یک قطعه 9 کیلومتری از جاده‌های مواصلاتی گلتپه، رزن و کرمانشاه در استان همدان جمع‌‏آوری و پس از آماده‌سازی نمونه‌ها، محتوی عناصر در آن‌ها به‌روش طیف ‏سنجی نوری پلاسمای جفت شده القایی (ICP-OES) خوانده شد. همچنین، نسبت به محاسبه شاخص‏ شدت آلودگی (CSI) نیز اقدام شد. پردازش آماری نتایج نیز با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSSانجام یافت.

یافته‎ ها: بیشینه میانگین محتوی عناصر روی، کادمیم، کبالت، کروم، منگنز و نیکل به‌ترتیب با 122، 0.320، 1.92، 17.3، 334 و 22.2 میلی‏‌گرم در کیلوگرم مربوط به ایستگاه رزن و بیشینه میانگین محتوی عناصر سرب و مس به‏‌ترتیب با 26.4 و 25.0 میلی‌‏گرم در کیلوگرم مربوط به خاک حاشیه جاده کرمانشاه (ایستگاه‌های پر ترافیک) و بیان‌گر تأثیر تراکم ترافیک بود. نتایج محاسبه شاخص CSI بیان‏گر کیفیت قابل قبول خاک در ایستگاه‌های مورد مطالعه بود. همچنین، نتایج حاصل از تجزیه و تحلیل ‏های آماری چند متغیره (PCC، PCA و HCA) نشان داد که منگنز در خاک‏‌های کنار جاده احتمالاً از مواد اولیه خاک و انتشارات اگزوزی نشات گرفته است. در حالی که انتشار روی، سرب، کادمیم، کبالت، کروم، مس و نیکل عمدتاً به منابع غیر اگزوزی (مانند فرسودگی ترمزها، لاستیک‌ها، موتورها و روغن روان‌کننده) مربوط بود.

نتیجه‏‌گیری: با توجه به اثبات تأثیر فعالیت‌های ترافیکی بر آلودگی فلزات سنگین خاک کناره جاده‌ای، نسبت به پایش منظم و دوره‌‏ای نمونه‌های خاک برای کنترل منابع به‌منظور حفظ سلامت بوم‌سازگان و انسان توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of level and source identification of heavy metals in the surface soil of the roadside: A case study

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nayereh Sadat Hosseini 1
  • Soheil Sobhan Ardakani 2

1 Department of the Environment, College of Basic Sciences, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran

2 Department of the Environment, College of Basic Sciences, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Background and Aim: Road transportation is one of the most important and main sources of metal pollution, which has turned roadside ecosystems into metal sensitive areas. Therefore, this study was conducted to analysis and source identification of Zn, Pb, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, and Ni in the surface soils along some roads in Hamedan Township in 2019.

Materials & Methods: In this study, a total of 63 surface soil samples were collected along 700 m from a 9 km section of Goltepe (G), Razan (R) and Kermanshah (K) roads. After preparing soil samples, the contents of elements were determined using ICP-OES. The enrichment contamination severity index (CSI) was also calculated. All statistical analyses of the obtained data were performed using SPSS software.

Results: The highest amounts of all the analyzed elements were found in the samples collected from the R site with 122, 0.320, 1.92, 17.3, 334 and 22.2 mg/kg for Zn, Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, and Ni, respectively, and from K site with 26.4 and 25.0 mg/kg for Pb and Cu, respectively, showing the effect of traffic volume. The values of the CSI index showed the acceptable quality of the soil in the studied sites. Also, the results of multivariate statistical analyzes (PCC, PCA and HCA) showed that Mn in roadside soils is probably caused by soil raw materials and exhaust emissions. While the origin of Zn, Pb, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu and Ni emission was mainly from non-exhaust sources (such as wear of brakes, tires, engines and lubricating oil).

Conclusion: The findings were indicated the impact of traffic activities on soil contamination with heavy metal in the study areas; therefore, regular and periodic monitoring of soil samples is recommended to control of emission sources of pollutants in order to maintain the health of ecosystems and humans.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Heavy metal pollution
  • Multivariate analysis
  • Road
  • Traffic
  • Pollution intensity
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مجله پژوهش در بهداشت محیط
دوره 9، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 34
مرداد 1402
صفحه 197-214
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