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نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان

2 استاد گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: جایگاه‌های خاکسپاری پسماندهای شهری و بیمارستانی که دارای آلودگی‌های گوناگون بویژه دارویی هستند، زیستگاه شایسته‌ای را برای باکتری‌های پایدار در برابر آلاینده‌ها فراهم می‌کنند و بنابراین نخش ویژه‌ای در ترابری ژن‌های پایداری دارند. از اینرو، فراوانی ریزجانداران و پایداری پادزیستی باکتری‌ها در نمونه‌های خاک و شیرابه جایگاه‌های خاکسپاری پسماند شهری و بیمارستانی شهر همدان بررسی گردید.

مواد و روش‌ها: ویژگی‌های خاک و شیرابه و همچنین فراوانی ریزجانداران آنها شمارش و آزمون گردید. همچنین درسد باکتری-های پایدار در برابر ده پادزیست پرکاربرد آمپی سیلین، آموکسی سیلین، سفکسیم، جنتامایسین، استرپتومایسین، تتراسایکلین، داکسی سایکلین، کلرامفنیکل، لینکومایسین و مترونیدازول بررسی شد. افزون بر آن پاسخ باکتری‌های دو خاک دستنخورده و خاکچال پسماند نوین شهری به غلظت‌های گوناگونی از سه پادزیست آمپی‌سیلین، جنتامایسین و تتراسایکلین سنجیده شد.

یافته‌ها: بالاترین لگاریتم فراوانی قارچ‌ها، اکتینومیست‌ها، سودوموناس‌ها و انتروباکتر‌ها بترتیب با اندازه 35/5، 28/5، 13/6 و 98/5 در خاکچال نوین پسماند شهری بدست آمد. درسد باکتری‌های پایدار در برابر هر ده پادزیست در نمونه‌های خاکچال نوین پسماند شهری بیشتر از جایگاه‌های دیگر و در خاک دستنخورده کمتر از جایگاه‌های دیگر بود. این یافته در بررسی پاسخ به دوز پادزیست‌های آمپی سیلین، جنتامایسین و تتراسایکلین نیز دیده شد و غلظت کشنده این پادزیست‌ها برای باکتری‌های خاکچال نوین پسماند شهری به ترتیب 1500، 1000 و 100 ppm بود. ولی برای خاک دستنخورده بسیار کمتر و به ترتیب 10، 18 و 50 ppm بود.

نتیجه گیری: روهمرفته، این پژوهش نشان داد که جایگاه‌های خاکسپاری پسماندهای شهری و بیمارستانی، زیستگاه شایسته‌ای برای باکتری‌های پایدار در برابر پادزیست‌ها فراهم می‌کند که مایه افزایش ترابری ژن‌های پایداری در میان باکتری‌ها می‌شود. از این دیدگاه باکتری‌هایی که از راه پسماندها به خاک می‌رسند، می‌توانند زیانبارتر هم باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the resistance of soil bacteria to antibiotics in Hamadan municipal and hospital waste Land fills

نویسندگان [English]

  • Samira Abduolrahimi 1
  • Ali Akbar Safari Sinegani 2

1 University of Bu-Ali Sina Hamedan

2 Professor, Dept. of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bu-Ali Sina Hamedan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Background and purpose: Municipal and hospital waste land fills that have various contaminants, especially pharmaceuticals, provide a suitable habitat for resistant bacteria which play a special role in the transfer of resistance genes. Therefore, the abundance of microorganisms and the antibiotic resistance of bacteria in soil and leachate samples of municipal and hospital waste burial sites in Hamedan city were investigated.

Materials and methods: The characteristics of soil and leachate as well as the abundance of their microorganisms were tested and counted. Also, the percentage of bacteria resistant to ten commonly used antibiotics ampicillin, amoxicillin, cefixime, gentamicin, streptomycin, tetracycline, doxycycline, chloramphenicol, lincomycin and metronidazole was investigated. In addition, the response of bacteria from two virgin soils and new rubbish landfill to different concentrations of three antibiotics, ampicillin, gentamicin and tetracycline, were measured.

Results: The log of population of fungi, actinomycetes, pseudomonas, and enterobacters, was the highest in new rubbish landfill. They were 5.35, 5.28, 6.13, and 5.98 respectively. The percentage of bacteria resistant to all ten antibiotics was higher in samples of new rubbish landfill than in other locations and lower in virgin soil than in other locations. These results were also seen in the dose response of ampicillin, gentamicin and tetracycline antibiotics. The inhibitory concentrations of these antibiotics for new rubbish landfill bacteria were 1500, 1000 and 100 mg/l, respectively. But for virgin soil, they were much less (10, 18 and 50 mg/l respectively).

Conclusion: In general, this research showed that municipal and hospital waste landfills provide a suitable habitat for antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which may increase the transfer of resistant genes among soil native bacteria. Therefore, the bacteria that reach the soil through waste can be more harmful.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Dose response
  • Leachate
  • Landfill
  • Resistant bacteria
  • Resistance genes
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