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نوع مقاله : مقالات مروری روایی و یکپارچه

نویسندگان

1 مهندسی شیمی-دانشکده فنی و مهندسی- دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی- اردبیل- ایران

2 مهندسی شیمی- دانشکده فنی و مهندسی- دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی- اردبیل- ایران

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: فلزات سنگین یکی از آلاینده‌های پایداری هستند که در طبیعت تجزیه نمی‌شوند و می‌توانند همراه پساب یا فاضلاب صنایع مختلف به محیط‌زیست وارد شوند. معمولا این فلزات به مقدار کمی بـرای عملکرد طبیعی بدن مورد نیاز هستند؛ اما ورود بیش از حد مجاز آن‌ها به بدن، مسمومیت ایجاد خواهد کرد. هدف این تحقیق نیز، مروری است بر روش‌های مختلف حذف فلزات سنگین که در قالب روش‌های فیزیکی، شیمیایی و بیولوژیکی ارائه شده است.
مواد و روش‌ها: در مقاله حاضر، پس از جست‌و‌جوی مقالات مرتبط منتشر شده در سال‌های 2014 تا 2019 در بانک‌های اطلاعاتی مانند Springer، Science direct، Scopus، Freepaper و John Wiley مراجع حاضر در متن جهت به‌دست‌آوردن آخرین یافته‌ها در زمینه‌ی روش‌های حذف فلزات سنگین انتخاب و مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.
یافته‌ها: مطالعات نشان مى‌دهد فلزات سنگین مى‌توانند سلامتی انسان‌ها را تحت تأثیر قرار دهند، به همین دلیل حذف فلزات سنگین امری ضروری می‌باشد و روش‌های مختلفی برای حذف فلزات سنگین در قالب روش‌های فیزیکی، شیمیایی و بیولوژیکی از قبیل روش‌های غشایی، ته‌نشینی شیمیایی، تصفیه الکتروشیمیایی، تبادل یونی، جذب سطحی و زیست‌پالایی مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرد.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج مطالعات نشان داد، فلزات سنگین اثرات مخربی بر جای می‌گذارند و حذف و تصفیه این فلزات از آب و خاک ضرورت دارد. ارائه مزایا و معایب روش‌های حذف فلزات سنگین، امکان انتخاب روش مناسب از نظر هزینه و دسترسی به دانش فنی را، به‌سادگی امکان‌پذیر می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Methods for removing heavy metals from water and wastewater: A review study

نویسندگان [English]

  • Keyvan Shayeste 1
  • Gity Behboody 2

2 Chemical Engineering- Faculty of Engineering- University of Mohaghegh Ardabili- Ardabil- Iran

چکیده [English]

Background and purpose: Heavy metals are one of the stable pollutants that do not decompose in nature and can import into the environment by sewage or wastewater of various industries. Usually, small quantities of these metals are required for the normal function of the body. But the excessive entrance of them into the body will cause poisoning. The purpose of this research is a review of various methods for the removal of heavy metals in the form of physical, chemical, and biological methods.
Materials and Methods: In this paper, after searching related articles in the period 2014-2019 in databases such as Springer،Science direct، Scopus، Free paper, and John Wiley, presented references in this text were investigated to, obtain the latest finding on heavy metals removal methods.
Results: Studies show that heavy metals can affect human health, so the removal of heavy metals is essential and various methods for the removal of heavy metals in the form of physical, chemical, and biological methods including membrane methods, chemical precipitation, electrochemical purification, ion exchange, adsorption, and bioremediation are used.
Conclusion: The results of studies showed that heavy metals have destructive effects and it is necessary to remove and purify these metals from water and soil. The advantages and disadvantages of heavy metal removal methods make it easy to choose the right method in terms of cost and access to technical knowledge.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Heavy metal removal
  • Electrochemical treatment
  • Bioremediation
  • Chemical precipitation
  • photocatalytic method
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