Mehri Mousavi Baygi; Mitra Mohammadi; Hamed Ramyar
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Poultry production is crucial in the global food supply chain. However, despite its economic benefits, the industry poses significant environmental challenges, notably air pollution. This study aims to evaluate air pollution in poultry farms throughout a growth cycle using statistical ...
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Background and Purpose: Poultry production is crucial in the global food supply chain. However, despite its economic benefits, the industry poses significant environmental challenges, notably air pollution. This study aims to evaluate air pollution in poultry farms throughout a growth cycle using statistical techniques and assess the effectiveness of a hybrid bipolar ionization system in mitigating air pollutants in this sector.Materials and Methods: This research was carried out at an experimental poultry farm equipped with a hybrid bipolar ionization system to reduce particulate matter (PM), ammonia (NH₃), hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), and airborne microorganisms. The study examined the effects of three factors—negative ion concentration, humidity, and ventilation—at two levels, with two replications. The data were analyzed using SPSS and MSTAT-C software, employing analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Kruskal-Wallis test at significance levels of 1%, 5%, and 10%.Results: The results revealed that the most substantial reduction in particulate matter was achieved in Treatment 3 (low humidity, high ion concentration, and ventilation off), with reductions of 40.88% for PM₂.₅ and 31.91% for PM₁₀, at confidence levels of 90%, 95%, and 99%. The highest reduction in ammonia levels was also observed in Treatment 3, with a mean rank of 50.13. Complete elimination of hydrogen sulfide was observed in Treatment 4 (high ion concentration, low humidity, and ventilation on), with a mean rank of 50.14 at the 10% significance level. Maximum reduction of microorganisms occurred on day 3, with an ionization level of 7 kV, ventilation off, and 30% humidity (Treatment 3).Conclusion: The study confirms that increasing the concentration of negative ions generated by the ionization system significantly reduces the concentration of airborne pollutants in poultry farms. Therefore, implementing a hybrid bipolar ionization system is recommended to enhance air quality in poultry houses. Open Access Policy: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Aram Salimi; Fardin Mir Ahmadi
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Using the antimicrobial properties of medicinal plants can have significant antimicrobial effects. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the antimicrobial effects of the ethanolic extract of the plant on the microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus ...
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Background and Purpose: Using the antimicrobial properties of medicinal plants can have significant antimicrobial effects. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the antimicrobial effects of the ethanolic extract of the plant on the microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus (gram positive), Escherichia coli (gram negative), Clostridium perfringens, and the yeast Chloivromyces marcianus.Materials & Methods: Antimicrobial effect of alcoholic extract of Barza plant was investigated by disk diffusion method, agar well, minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum lethal concentration in the studied microorganisms. Also, the compounds in the ethanolic extract of Barza plant were determined by GC-Mass. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 25 software at the 5% level. Results: According to the results, Clostridium perfringens and Staphylococcus aureus were the most sensitive microorganisms to 18.5, 37, 75 and 150 dilutions. The minimum inhibitory level of the studied extract for the gram-positive bacterium Clostridium perfringens was around 8 mg/ml. Also, the results showed that the minimum lethality concentration for all the strains used in this research, except for the yeast strain Chloromyces Marcianos, was equal to 1024 mg/ml.Conclusion: The ethanol extract of the plant in the laboratory environment showed considerable anti -immigration activity on the seats. Therefore, further studies need to be conducted on this plant to be introduced as a natural and natural anticoagulant. Open Access Policy: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Behnam Saruei; Soheil Sobhan Ardakani; Seyed Ali Jozi
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Considering the ever-increasing expansion of petrochemical industries in Iran and the high capacity of accidents such as fire and explosion in these industries, this study was conducted to evaluate and analyze of risks of tanks containing flammable substances in Shiraz Petrochemical ...
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Background and Purpose: Considering the ever-increasing expansion of petrochemical industries in Iran and the high capacity of accidents such as fire and explosion in these industries, this study was conducted to evaluate and analyze of risks of tanks containing flammable substances in Shiraz Petrochemical Company using bow-tie model.Materials & Methods: In the current study, the statistical population included: managers, experts, and employees of Shiraz Petrochemical Company, who evaluated and analyzed the risk of tanks containing flammable substances using the bow-tie model based on the checklist. Also, the collected data were processed using Bow TieXP software version 12.02. Results: Based on the results obtained, among the 233 preventive and reducing obstacles, 193 cases, i.e. 82.8%, were related to the behavioral factor. Three cases equal to 1.29% related to active hardware factors, 20 cases equal to 8.58% related to technical-social factors, 12 cases equal to 5.15% related to continuous hardware factors and five cases equal to 2.15% were related to passive hardware factors. Therefore, behavioral factors had the highest amount of preventive and reducing barriers and had a significant difference with other factors also.Conclusion: Increasing the awareness of the humans working in the maintenance and care of tanks containing flammable substances division could be a suitable solution for managers to increase the safety level of these departments. This confirms the need to change and improve the attitude, reform the structure, and plan effective and efficient training in this field that does not involve high direct costs and at the same time has a good chance of returning capital. Open Access Policy: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
barzin behroj; hadi zahedi; Bahram kalantari; Mohamadhossein Lohrasb
Abstract
Background and Objective: The steel industry is highly crucial in Iran due to the availability of mineral resources, manpower capacity, economic platforms, and the effectiveness of steel manufacturing in Iran's economic growth. Therefore, some strategies must be taken to reduce environmental hazards ...
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Background and Objective: The steel industry is highly crucial in Iran due to the availability of mineral resources, manpower capacity, economic platforms, and the effectiveness of steel manufacturing in Iran's economic growth. Therefore, some strategies must be taken to reduce environmental hazards and direct the steel industry toward sustainable development. This study aims to evaluate and manage the environmental risk of a direct recovery plant based on the EFMEA method in Golgohar Iron and Steel Development Company. Materials and Methods: All environmental aspects and hazards were identified through field visits and analyzed using the EFMEA method. RPN was measured by probability coefficient, intensity, and recovery or extent of pollution. Ultimately, secondary RPN was measured after defining and applying the control measures.Results: This study identified 468 aspects of environmental risks among which, 258 risks were at a minor level, 187 risks were low-level, 17 risks were medium-level, and six risks were high-level. Conclusion: the results confirmed that the most substantial risks occurred in the production unit, with the highest risk number related to chimney exhaust gases in terms of greenhouse gas emissions. After secondary assessment and corrective measures were done, it was found that proper methods adopted for environmental risk management, accurate planning, and presentation of preventive and corrective strategies can significantly reduce the environmental consequences and environmental hazards caused by industries. Open Access Policy: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Zahra Khazaei; Azita Koshafar; Sina Attarroshan
Abstract
Background and Objective: The toxicity and persistence of heavy metals in the environment have necessitated usingtrees as biological indicators. This study aimed to evaluate the concentrations of heavy metals, including Pb, Zn, and Cd, in the leaves of two commonly cultivated ornamental plant species, ...
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Background and Objective: The toxicity and persistence of heavy metals in the environment have necessitated usingtrees as biological indicators. This study aimed to evaluate the concentrations of heavy metals, including Pb, Zn, and Cd, in the leaves of two commonly cultivated ornamental plant species, Bougainvillea glabra (paper flower) and Cassia floribunda (burhan flower), known for their adaptability in urban environments, within the green spaces of Mahshahr Port in 2024.Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical research involved the collection of leaf samples fromBougainvillea glabra and Cassia floribunda trees across 13 regions of Mahshahr City, with three replications in June 2024. Chemical digestion was performed using the Jackson (1980) method, which involves acid digestion of plant material to release heavy metals for analysis. Heavy metal concentrations were measured using a Perkin Elmer 900T atomic absorption spectrophotometer (USA).Results: The mean concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Zn in the leaves of Bougainvillea glabra were 0.108, 0.154, and 1.705 mg/kg, respectively. In contrast, the concentrations in Cassia floribunda were 0.120, 0.184, and 1.996 mg/kg, respectively. Statistically, Cd (P=0.008) and Pb (P=0.035) concentrations were significantly higher in Cassia floribundathan in Bougainvillea glabra (P<0.05). However, the Zn levels in Cassia floribundawere slightly higher but not statistically significant (P=0.844, P>0.05). The detected concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Zn in both species were below permissible limits set by the World Health Organization (WHO), indicating minimal contamination.Conclusion: The concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Zn in the leaves of Cassia floribunda and Bougainvillea glabra were within normal limits and below the standard permissible levels. However, based on the findings, these two species are unsuitable for phytoremediation of heavy metals. These results highlight the broader potential of ornamental plants as cost-effective tools for urban environmental management and pollution assessment, though further studies are needed to identify more effective species for phytoremediation purposes. Open Access Policy: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Iman Homayoonnezhad; Paria Amirian
Abstract
Background and Purpose: The Management, control, and treatment of industrial wastewater are considered necessary in terms of environment, furthermore the preservation of groundwater sources. The use of scientific, and new methods, which simultaneously lack the technical complexities of advanced purification ...
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Background and Purpose: The Management, control, and treatment of industrial wastewater are considered necessary in terms of environment, furthermore the preservation of groundwater sources. The use of scientific, and new methods, which simultaneously lack the technical complexities of advanced purification systems, are evaluated.Materials & Methods: The current research is an experimental study with an applied approach on a laboratory scale, carried out in a discontinuous system with the aim of COD removal of dairy wastewater. In this research, the total sample size, and the number of experiments were determined using the response surface method of the central composite design type, and the effects of four factors (pH, nanoparticle dose, contact time, and ultrasound wave intensity) were investigated at three levels in the sonocatalytic process using copper oxide nanoparticles to remove COD of dairy wastewater. The optimal conditions of removal, and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) model were investigated, furthermore reported.Results: The comparison between the experimental, and predicted efficiency of COD removal showed that the ANOVA model had an excellent fit to the data. The optimal predicted values of the variables to achieve the highest COD removal efficiency (99.85%) were obtained for pH, nanoparticle dose, contact time, and ultrasound intensity, 10.59, 0.05 g, 60 minutes, and 84.89 kHz, respectively.Conclusion: It can be concluded that the response surface methodology is an efficient way to decrease the costs of tests; examining the interactions between variables can lead to a better understanding of the effect of independent variables on the dependent variables. Conducting such studies, which test, examine the latest scientific methods in industrial wastewater treatment, is the best solution to gain current knowledge, moreover reduce environmental damage. Open Access Policy: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Fatemeh Rezaeipour; Ebrahim Rahimi
Abstract
Background and purpose: Milk and its products are a suitable environment for the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, among the cold-loving pathogens Yersinia enterocolitica is one of the bacteria whose spread can threaten the health of consumers. The aim of the present study was to Prevalence of antibiotic-resistant ...
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Background and purpose: Milk and its products are a suitable environment for the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, among the cold-loving pathogens Yersinia enterocolitica is one of the bacteria whose spread can threaten the health of consumers. The aim of the present study was to Prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains of Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from traditional and industrial dairy products sold in Isfahan county.Materials and Methods: First, 300 samples of traditional and industrial dairy products were sampled and transferred to the laboratory, and the level of contamination with Y. enterocolitica was determined by standard methods. Multiplex PCR method was used to determine the frequency of virulence genes and Disk-Diffusion method was used to evaluate antibiotic resistance.Results: The results showed that the level of contamination with Yersinia enterocolitica was 15 samples (7.5%) out of a total of 200 traditional dairy samples, and none of the industrial samples were contaminated with Yersinia enterocolitica. According to the PCR test, the frequency of the highest and lowest carrier genes, respectively, includes ail 14 samples (4.66%), yadA 7 samples (2.33 %), inv 10 samples (3.33 %), yst 9 samples (3 %), rfbe 9 samples (3%) and virF 6 samples (2%). The results of antibiotic resistance showed that the highest resistance was related to penicillin (80%) and ampicillin (73.33%), and the lowest resistance was to imipenem (6.66%).Conclusion: The results of this study showed that traditional dairy products were contaminated with Yersinia enterocolitica bacteria and had virulence genes, so the use of traditional dairy products should be limited and the use of antibiotics should be limited in the event of illness. Open Access Policy: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Mohammad Kazari; Bahman Khameneh Bagheri; Vahid Soheili; Bibi Sedigheh Fazly Bazzaz
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Essential oils (EOs) are natural compounds with various properties. In terms of physical characteristics, they are oily, lipophilic, and have a unique smell. Studies and observations have proven their antibacterial, anti-fungal, and antiviral properties. Considering the diversity ...
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Background and Purpose: Essential oils (EOs) are natural compounds with various properties. In terms of physical characteristics, they are oily, lipophilic, and have a unique smell. Studies and observations have proven their antibacterial, anti-fungal, and antiviral properties. Considering the diversity of climatic conditions and vegetation of Iran, in this article, we have tried to discuss the native plants of Iran and the EOs extracted from them, along with their properties, focusing on the antiseptic properties and their components from the past to now. Moreover, these compounds' extraction methods and chemical structures have also been briefly reviewed.Materials and Methods: Using several different databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Science Direct (without time limit), and using the names of EOs alongside the keywords of disinfection and antimicrobial, a screening search was done until the end of 2023. By limiting the search, irrelevant and duplicate studies were excluded, and articles were screened after reviewing the titles, abstracts, and full texts.Results: According to the studies, the disinfectant property of EOs is clear; in some cases, they have been used to prevent and treat the SARS-COV-2 virus, and have antibacterial effects against antibiotic-resistant bacteria and biofilm-producer strains.Conclusion: Successful primary treatment lines from these compounds are expected to be reported soon. Finally, due to their widespread use, EOs can be considered an integral part of human life throughout history. Open Access Policy: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/