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Essential Oils and Their Components as Antimicrobial Agents with Special Reference to Disinfectants: Past, Present, and Future

Document Type : Narrative and integrative review

Authors

1 Pharm.D, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Control, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

3 Associate Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Control, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

4 Professor, Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

5 Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Control, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

Abstract

Background and Purpose: Essential oils (EOs) are natural compounds with various properties. In terms of physical characteristics, they are oily, lipophilic, and have a unique smell. Studies and observations have proven their antibacterial, anti-fungal, and antiviral properties. Considering the diversity of climatic conditions and vegetation of Iran, in this article, we have tried to discuss the native plants of Iran and the EOs extracted from them, along with their properties, focusing on the antiseptic properties and their components from the past to now. Moreover, these compounds' extraction methods and chemical structures have also been briefly reviewed.

Materials and Methods: Using several different databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Science Direct (without time limit), and using the names of EOs alongside the keywords of disinfection and antimicrobial, a screening search was done until the end of 2023. By limiting the search, irrelevant and duplicate studies were excluded, and articles were screened after reviewing the titles, abstracts, and full texts.

Results: According to the studies, the disinfectant property of EOs is clear; in some cases, they have been used to prevent and treat the SARS-COV-2 virus, and have antibacterial effects against antibiotic-resistant bacteria and biofilm-producer strains.

Conclusion: Successful primary treatment lines from these compounds are expected to be reported soon. Finally, due to their widespread use, EOs can be considered an integral part of human life throughout history.
 
Open Access Policy: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Keywords

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Journal of Research in Environmental Health
Volume 10, Issue 3 - Serial Number 39
December 2024
Pages 112-133
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