تعهد نامه

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کردستان

2 کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کردستان، سنندج، ایران

3 استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات بهداشت محیط، پژوهشکده توسعه سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کردستان، سنندج، ایران

4 گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، مرکز تحقیقات بهداشت محیط، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کردستان، سنندج، ایران

5 صفیه خانه پنجم آب تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: وتلندهای مصنوعی و روش­های متداول با وجود داشتن وظایف یکسان در تصفیه فاضلاب، روش و مکانیزم‌های متفاوتی دارند. مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی حذف فنل از فاضلاب سنتتیک با استفاده از وتلند مصنوعی افقی با جریان زیرسطحی و تأثیر هوادهی و زمان ماند هیدرولیکی در میزان کارایی حذف فنل انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: این مطالعه مداخله­ای در مقیاس آزمایشگاهی در وتلند مصنوعی افقی با جریان زیرسطحی به منظور حذف فنل از فاضلاب سنتتیک مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. به منظور تعیین اثر هوادهی در کارایی حذف فنل، یک راکتور به صورت هوادهی شده و راکتور دیگر به صورت هوادهی نشده بهره­برداری شد. از پوکه معدنی به عنوان مدیا استفاده گردید. وتلندها توسط فراگماتیس استرالیس گیاهکاری شدند.
یافته­ها: نتایج نشان داد میزان تجزیه فنل در هر دو وتلند هوادهی شده و هوادهی نشده تحت تأثیر نرخ بارگذاری آلی و زمان ماند هیدرولیکی است. همچنین مشخص شد که حذف فنل در وتلند هوادهی شده و هوادهی نشده به‌طور کامل اتفاق می­افتد. این در حالی است که نرخ حذف فنل در وتلند هوادهی شده نسبت به وتلند هوادهی نشده بالاتر است و به منظور دستیابی به نتایج یکسان، زمان ماند هیدرولیکی در راکتور هوادهی نشده نسبت به راکتور هوادهی شده باید به حدود 2 برابر افزایش یابد.
نتیجه­گیری: سیستم وتلند مصنوعی افقی با جریان زیرسطحی، از کارایی بالایی در حذف فنل برخوردار است و در صورت بهینه‌سازی شرایط بهره­برداری به‌خصوص زمان ماند هیدرولیکی، می­تواند به عنوان یک سیستم کارآمد در حذف فنل از فاضلاب استفاده گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of hydraulic retention time and aeration on performance of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland in phenol removal

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saeed Dehestaniathar 1
  • Shahram Sadeghi 2
  • Ebrahim Mohammadi 3
  • Esmaeil Ghahramani 4
  • Maryam Safay 5

1 aEnvironmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

2 Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

3 Environmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

4 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

5 5th Tehran water treatment plant, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: Constructed wetlands and conventional treatment methods have a same duty in wastewater treatment، but they have different methods and mechanisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the removal of phenol from synthetic wastewater using horizontal sub-surface flow constructed wetland and the aeration and hydraulic retention time effects on phenol removal efficiency. 
 
Materials and methods: This study was an interventional study that was carried out on a laboratory scale in horizontal sub-surface flow constructed wetland. In order to determine the effect of aeration on the efficiency of phenol removal,، one reactor was aerated and another one was non-aerated. Pumice was used as a media. The wetlands were planted by Phragmatis australis.
 
Results: The results showed that phenol degradation in both aerated and non-aerated wetland was influenced by organic loading rate and hydraulic retention time. It was also found that the removal of phenol was completely accomplished in both aerated and non-aerated wetlands. This is while the phenol removal rate is higher in aerated wetland,، and in order to achieve the same results,، the hydraulic retention time in non-aerated reactor should be about twice as high as the aerated one.
 
Conclusion: : Horizontal sub-surface flow constructed wetland has a high efficiency in phenol removal. Therefore, if the conditions of operation especially hydraulic retention time are optimized، it can be applied as an effective system for phenol removal from wastewater.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • constructed wetland
  • phenol
  • hydraulic retention time
  • aeration
  • natural treatment
1.            Asmaly HA, Abussaud B, Saleh TA, Gupta VK, MA. A. Ferric oxide nanoparticles decorated carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers: from synthesis to enhanced removal of phenol. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society. 2015;19(5):511-20.
2.            A. H. Removal of phenol from wastewaters using membrane contactors: Comparative experimental analysis of emulsion pertraction. Desalination. 2013;309:171-80.
3.            Asgari G, Ebrahimi ASA, ZG. H. Study on phenol removing by using modified zolite (Clinoptilolite) with FeCl3 from aqueous solutions. health systems research journal. 2010;6:848-57.
4.            Yang J, Zhou M, Zhao Y, Zhang C, Y. H. Electrosorption driven by microbial fuel cells to remove phenol without external power supply. Bioresource Technology. 2013; 150:271-7.
5.            Naeem K, F. O. Influence of supports on photocatalytic degradation of phenol and 4-chlorophenol in aqueous suspensions of titanium dioxide. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2013;25(2):399-404.
6.            Hammer MJ, HMJ. S. Water and wastewater technology. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2003;3nd ed(New York, NY).
7.            Carmona M, De Lucas A, Valverde JL, Velasco B, JF. R. Combined adsorption and ion exchange equilibrium of phenol on Amberlite IRA-420. Chemical Engineering Journal  2006
 117(2):155-60.
8.            Bayramoglu G, Gursel I, Tunali Y, MY. A. Biosorption of phenol and 2-chlorophenol by Funaliatrogii pellets. Bioresource Technology. 2009;100(10):2685-91.
9.            Werker A, Dougherty J, McHenry J, W. VL. Treatment variability for wetland wastewater treatment design in cold climates. Ecological Engineering. 2002;19(1):1-11.
10.          Ham J, Yoon C, Jeon J, H. K. Feasibility of a constructed wetland and wastewater stabilisation pond system as a sewage reclamation system for agricultural reuse in a decentralised rural area
Water Science and Technology. 2007;55(1-2): 503-11.
11.          Sayadi M, Kargar R, Doosti M, H. S. Hybrid constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment: A worldwide review. Proceedings of the International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences. 2012;2(4):204-22.
12.          Trang NTD, Konnerup D, Schierup H-H, Chiem NH, . BH. Kinetics of pollutant removal from domestic wastewater in a tropical horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland system: effects of hydraulic loading rate. Ecological Engineering. 2010;36(4):527-35.
13.          Kadlec R. H, Wallace S. Treatment wetlands. Boca Raton, Fl.: CRC Press. 2009;2nd ed( Vol. 40): p. 1016.
14.          Lin YF, Jing SR, Lee DY, Chang YF, Chen YM, KC. S. Performance of a constructed wetland treating intensive shrimp aquaculture wastewater under high hydraulic loading rate. Environmental Pollution. 2005;134:411-21.
15.          Tchobanoglous G. Wastewater engineering treatment disposal reuse. Metcalf and Eddy. 1991 (McGraw-Hill, New York):927.
16.          Wu S, Wiessner A, Dong R, Pang C, P. K. Performance of two laboratory‐scale horizontal wetlands under varying influent loads treating artificial sewage. Engineering in Life Sciences. 2012;12(2):178-87.
17.          WE. F. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. American Public Health Association (APHA). 2005; Washington, DC, USA.
18.          Yousefi Z, Hoseini SM, Mohamadpur R, MA. Z. Performance evaluation of artificial wetland subsurface with horizontal flow in wastewater treatment. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2013;23(99):13-26 (Persian).
19.          Ji Q, Tabassum S, Yu G, Chu C, Z. Z. Determination of biological removal of recalcitrant organic contaminants in coal gasification waste water. Environmental Technology. 2015;36(22):2815-24.
20.          Li F, Lu L, Zheng X, X. Z. Three-stage horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands for organics and nitrogen removal: effect of aeration. . Ecological Engineering. 2014;68:90-6.
21.          Tee H, Seng C, Noor AM, PI. L. Performance comparison of constructed wetlands with gravel-and rice husk-based media for phenol and nitrogen removal. Science of the Total Environment. 2009;407(11):3563-71.
22.          Sridevi V, Chandanalakshmi MVV, Manasa M, M. S. Metabolic pathways for the biodegradation of phenol. International Journal of Engineering Science & Advanced Technology. 2012;2(3): 695-705.
23.          Herouvim E, Akratos CS, Tekerlekopoulou A, DV. V. Treatment of olive mill wastewater in pilot-scale vertical flow constructed wetlands. Ecological engineering. 2011;37:931-9.
24.          Poerschmann J, L. S-N. Sorption determination of phenols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a multiphase constructed wetland system by solid phase microextraction. Science of the Total Environment. 2014;482:234-40.
25.          Rossmann M, de Matos AT, Abreu EC, AC. B. Performance of constructed wetlands in the treatment of aerated coffee processing wastewater: Removal of nutrients and phenolic compounds. Ecological engineering. 2012;49:264-9.
26.          Polprasert C, Dan NP, .1996;34(11):. TN. Application of constructed wetlands to treat some toxic wastewaters under tropical conditions. Water Science and Technology. 1996;34(11):165-71.
27.          Alkorta I, C. G. Phytoremediation of organic contaminants in soils. Bioresource Technology. 2001;79:273-6.
28.          TM H, Tischer S, Tanneberg H, P. K. Influence of Phenol and Phenanthrene on the Growth of Phalaris arundinacea and Phragmites australis. International Journal of Phytoremediation. 2000;2(4).
29.          Schultze-Nobre L, Wiessner A, Wang D, Bartsch C, Kappelmeyer U, Paschke H. Removal of dimethylphenols from an artificial wastewater in a laboratory-scale wetland system planted with Juncus effusus. Ecological engineering. 2015;80:151-5.
30.          Avila C, Reyes C, Bayona JM, J. G. Emerging organic contaminant removal depending on primary treatment and operational strategy in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands: Influence of redox. Water Research. 2013;47: 315-25.