تعهد نامه

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 پژوهشکده اکولوژی دریای خزر

2 رئیس بخش بیوتکنولوژی پژوهشکده اکولوژی دریای خزر

چکیده

چکیده
زمینه و هدف: ارزیابی بیولوژیک منابع آبی از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار بوده و وجود عوامل بیماری‌زا در منابع مذکور، سلامت مصرف کنندگان را تحت تأثیر قرار می­دهد. مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی شاخص­های آلودگی باکتریایی آب شامل شمارش کلی باکتری‌ها، کل کلیفرم­ها، کلیفرم­های گرماپای و استرپتوکوک­های مدفوعی در دریاچه سد آزاد انجام گرفت.
مواد و روش‌ها: در این مطالعه آب سد آزاد سنندج در طی یک سال (از تیر1394 تا خرداد 1395) از نظر باکتری­های شاخص مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نمونه‌برداری از پنج ایستگاه در موقعیت­های ناحیه دریاچه‌ای، انتقالی و رودخانه‌ای به‌صورت ماهانه در آب پشت سد انجام شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده­ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار آماری SPSS، ورژن 18 و آزمون آنالیز واریانس یک‌طرفه(ANOVA) وتست دانکن(Duncan) و انجام شد. میزان p کمتر از 0/05 معنی‌دار در نظر گرفته شد.
یافته‌ها: بر اساس نتایج آنالیزهای ماهانه، میانگین بیشترین و کمترین تعداد کل باکتری­های آب به ترتیب در ماه دی  CFU/100ml105×6/7 و شهریور  CFU100ml104×1/6 بود. حداکثر میانگین کلیفرم کل آب در ماه آذر CFU/100ml104×2/3 و حداقل میانگین کلیفرم کل در ماه تیر  CFU100ml62 مشاهده شد. تعداد کلیفرم گرماپای و استرپتوکوک مدفوعی در دریاچه سد در همه فصول، ماه­ها و ایستگاه‌ها مشاهده نشد.
نتیجه‌گیری: با بررسی­های صورت گرفته بر روی کلیه نمونه‌ها می­توان دریافت که آب جمع‌آوری شده در پشت سد می­تواند بدون هیچ‌گونه تصفیه‌ای جهت تأمین آب کشاورزی و پرورش ماهی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. با توجه به بارِ میکروبی مشاهده شده، آب مورد بررسی جهت شرب مناسب نمی‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Bacterial Contamination of Sanandaj Azad Dam Lake in Kurdestan Province in 2015-16

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Yaghoubzadeh 1
  • Resa Safari 2

1 Caspian Sea ecology research center

2 Head of Biotechnology Department, Caspian Sea Ecology Institute

چکیده [English]

Abstract
 
Background and objective: Biological assessment of water resources is of particular importance and the presence of pathogens in these resources affects the health of consumers. The aim of this study was to determine the bacterial contamination of water including total coliforms, fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci in the Azad dam lake.
 
Methods and Materials: In this study, Sanandaj Azad dam water was evaluated for the indicator bacteria during one year (from May 2015 to June 2016). Sampling was performed from five stations in the areas of lake, transients and river. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was accomplished by ANOVA and Duncan tests using SPSS 18 software (P<0.05).
 
Results: Monthly analyzes showed that the maximum and minimum mean of total bacteria were recorded in the months of January (6.7×105 CFU / 100ml) and September, (1.6×104 CFU100ml). The maximum total mean value of total coliform was  2.3 × 104 CFU / 100ml in December and the minimum one was 62 CFU100ml in July. Neither thermophilic coliforms nor fecal streptococcus were observed in the lake of the dam in taken samples.
 
Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, the collected water behind the dam can be used without any purification for agricultural purposes and fish farming. However, this water supply is not suitable for drinking due to the observed microbial load.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Indicator bacteria
  • Water quality control
  • Azad Dam
  • Kurdestan Province
1. Shahsavari Poor N, Esmaili Sari A. Microbial contamination of Haraz River and determination the water allowed to applications according to international standards. Environmental Science and Technology 2007; 13(4):81-94. (In Persian)
2. Pawale R.G, Lokhande MV. Studies on physicochemical parameters of Dhanora Reservoir in Nanded district, Maharastra (India). Water Research and Development 2012; 2(3): 76- 78. 
3.Ghayour Kazemi M, Paideh F. Diagnosis and introduction of pathogens in reservoirs of dams. Research Institute for Food Science and Technology Khorasan Razavi 2010;
4. Maghrebi M, Jamshidi M. Investigation of microbial contamination of Jajrud river and the role of the manufacturer. Third Iranian Conference on Water Resources Management. School of Civil Engineering, University of Tabriz 2008. (In Persian)
5. Vojody Yazdi Z, Kateh ShamshiriT, Mohammad Khani AS. The study of the bacteriological, physiological and physicochemical quality of the intake and outlet water of the Mashhad Torough dam in 2004-2005, 8th National Conference on Environmental Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services 2005. (In Persian)
6.Daniali SR. Investigating the Factors Influencing the Water Quality of Dam in Kumyar Dam. Science and Environmental Engineering 2007; 44:36.
7.Toqeer A, Kanwal R, Tahir SS, Rauf N. Bacteriological Analysis of Water Collected from Different Dams of Rawalpindi I Islamabad Region in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 2004;7 (5): 662-666, ISSN 1028-8880.
8. Agarwal AK, Rajwar GS. Physico-chemical and microbiological study of Tehri dam reservoir, Garhwal Himalaya, India. Journal of American Science 2010; 6(6):65-71.
 9. Iliev I, Kostadinova S, Marhova M, Hubenova T, Zaikov A. Microbial status of Dospat dam lake, Bulgaria. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2015.
10.National Iranian Standards Organization . Water quality-Water sampling for microbiological tests-Work practices.2007. First revision. Standard No. 4208.
11.National Standard Organization of Iran .Total microbial count.2002. Standard No. 5784.
12.National Iranian Standards Organization . Water - Search and Identification of Coliforms by Existence - Absence - Microbiology Test Method.2008. Standard No. 7225
13.National Iranian Standards Organization . Search for and identification of fecal Streptococci in water by enrichment in liquid medium. 2008. Standard No. 3619 
14. APHA. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastes water. Washington DC, USA: American publication Health Association. 2005; 1113 p.
15.Bluman AG. Elementary Statistics: A Step by Step Approach. USA. Tom casson publisher. 3rd edition 1998.
16.Mahler, B.J., Personne´, J. C., Lods,.G. F., Drogue, C. 2000. Transport of free and particulate- associated bacteria in karst. Journal of Hydrology 238: pp.179–193
17. Byappanahalli MN, Nevers MB, Korajkic A, Staley ZR, Harwood VJ. Enterococci in the environment. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 2012; Dec 1; 76(4):685-706.
18. Javanmardy f, Mahmoudi MM. Determination of fecal bacterial strains in water of Parishan lake, Iran Biology 2009; No. 4:718-711. (In Persian)
19.Naderi Sh,  Shariat M, Nadafi K, preacher f. Relationship Between Biological Indices and Water Quality Parameters in the Distribution of Drinking Water in Rural Areas of Qazvin Province. 2003.
20. Institute for Standard and Industrial Research. Microbiological Properties of Drinking Water. Standard No. 1011. 2007. (In Persian)
21. Crawford RL. Development of drinking water standards, Environmental Biotechnology Institute, Environmental Science Program, University of Idaho, USA, Journal of Environmental Management. 2008; Vol 91, Issue 2: 304.
22. PHILMINAQ (Mitigating Impact from Aquaculture in the Philippines). Water Quality Criteria and Standards for Freshwater and Marine Aquaculture. Aquaculture.asia (en línea). 2008; Annex 2. 34 p. Consultado el 03 de febrero de 2015. Disponible en:
23. Iran Industrial Water Treatment Clinic. Different parameters of water for various uses. http://ind.clinicab.ir. (In Persian)
24. Environmental Protection Agency. Iran Quality Water Quality Standards. Human Environment Deputy of Water and Water Office 2016. (In Persian)