Naser Rahimi; Masoud hamerezaee
Abstract
Background & Aims: Rivers are one of the most important water resources that play an important role to supply water requirements of different activities. and we able to make decisions about their application with their quality monitoring. This study was done to evaluate the right branch of ...
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Background & Aims: Rivers are one of the most important water resources that play an important role to supply water requirements of different activities. and we able to make decisions about their application with their quality monitoring. This study was done to evaluate the right branch of Sarugh River quality using National Sanitation Foundation developed the Water Quality Index (NSFWQI) and zoning obtained by geographic information system (GIS). Materials & Methods:In this cross sectional study, standard field parameters including dissolved oxygen, temperature, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand, Most Probable Number of Coliforms, Fecal Coliform, Turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Solids, pH, Conductivity and others were measured at five different stations of right branch of Sarugh Tekab during the spring and summer in 2016. Sampling points were selected based on their importance. Water quality index was calculated using water quality index calculator based on National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) information system. Results:The highest value of NSFWQI of the samples was 85 in A station in April while the lowest value was 55 in E station in May. Based on NSFWQI categories, water quality in A station was found in good category, and in other stations, were found within Moderate. Decreasing value of Water Quality Index (WQI) may be attributed to the high values of BOD and Fecal Coliform number in the stations of water. Conclusion:Study results showed good water quality for A station that is suitable for various applications. In addition based on the results, it is expected to be provided valuable information in connection with the use of water bodies by the local people of the study region.
Arezoo Khalijian; Soheil Sobhanardakani; Mehrdad Cheraghi
Abstract
Background & Objective: Increasing population growth, and therefore, increasing requirements for development of the agricultural productions, lead to be overused the pesticides. So, their residues in environment, particularly surface and groundwater resources, create human health risks. Therefore ...
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Background & Objective: Increasing population growth, and therefore, increasing requirements for development of the agricultural productions, lead to be overused the pesticides. So, their residues in environment, particularly surface and groundwater resources, create human health risks. Therefore due to the serious risk to human health, this study was carried out for assessing the diazinon residues in groundwater samples of Hamedan-Bahar Plain in 2014. Material and Methods: Water samples were collected from 20 stations along the Hamedan-Bahar Plain in summer 2014. After preparation and processing the samples in the laboratory according to liquid phase extraction, diazinon residues in samples were determined using a spectrophotometric method in three replications. All statistical analyses were performed by SPSS 20 software using Kolmogrov-Smirnov, one-way ANOVA, One Sample T Test and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient. Results:The results showed that the mean concentration of diazinon residues in samples was 0.23±0.06 µg/mL-1, being upper than the Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) provided by the WHO. Conclusion:Since based on WHO guideline the mean concentrations of diazinon residues in groundwater resources of Hamedan-Bahar Plain were upper than MCLs, therefore; exploitation of water for drinking has adverse effect on consumers' health. In this regards, concerning increased use of agricultural inputs especially pesticides, regular periodic monitoring of chemical pollutants content in groundwater resources of study area is recommended.
Amin panah; Abdolali Karamshahi; Javad Mirzaei; Mohsen Darabi
Abstract
Background and abjective: Cement factories are considered as one of the most important pollution sources, especially heavy metals pollution. At present, Phytoremediation is known as one of the best strategies to eliminate or reduce these pollutants. In the present study the phytoremediation ability of ...
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Background and abjective: Cement factories are considered as one of the most important pollution sources, especially heavy metals pollution. At present, Phytoremediation is known as one of the best strategies to eliminate or reduce these pollutants. In the present study the phytoremediation ability of Cd, Zn, pb and Mn by nine trees species including Ailanthus glandulosa, Fraxinus rotundifolia, Robinia Pseudo Acasia, Ulmus umbraculifera, Eucalyptus microtheca, Quercus branti, Cupressus arizonica, Pinus eldarica and Cupressus sempervirens were investigated around the Ilam Cement Factory. Material and Methods: For measuring the deposition of metals in the leaves of studied species, 0.2 grams of their biomasses were separately weighed then 4 ml nitric acid (65%) was added to each sample. After 24-hincubation at room temperature, the proportions of considered metals were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry.. The obtainedresults were analyzed by SPSS 20 software usingKolmogrov-Smirnov, Leven and One-way ANOVA Tests. Results: Results showed that the amount of Cd in electro filter of factory was approximately close to the amount of Cd deposited in leaves of considered species, however; the amounts of pb, zn and mn in electro filter of factory were much more than the amounts of these three metals in leaves. The maximum and minimum accumulation of pb were related to Eucalyptus microtheca and Cupressus sempervirens respectively. In addition, the maximum and minimum amounts of deposited Mn were in Ailanthus glandulosa and Pinus eldarica respectively. The results also indicated that the maximum and minimum accumulation of Zn were in Quercus branti and Fraxinus rotundifolia respectively. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the results; the broad-leaf species are much more efficient than narrow-leaf ones in heavy metals remediation, so; it is suggested that in future development plans of green space, the broad-leaf species, especially Quercus branti, Ailanthus glandulosa Desf and Eucalyptus microtheca are more considered.
kazhal kakaei; Ali reza Riyahi Bakhtiari; Mahdi Gholamali fard
Abstract
Background and purpose: Infiltration of leachate produced by municipal solid waste into the ground water poses a serious environmental hazard due to its high content of hydrocarbons and heavy metals. The leachate is the primary source of soil and water pollution. In this paper the risk of heavy metals ...
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Background and purpose: Infiltration of leachate produced by municipal solid waste into the ground water poses a serious environmental hazard due to its high content of hydrocarbons and heavy metals. The leachate is the primary source of soil and water pollution. In this paper the risk of heavy metals discharged from leachate in to groundwater in Hamadan landfill has been assessed using Industrial Waste Management Evaluation Model (IWEM). Methods: The concentrations of heavy metals (Cu,Pb,Ni and Cd) in leachate were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and the risk of these metals discharge into groundwater was assessed by IWEM using Monte Carlo analysis. Results: Based on the obtained IWEM and EPACMTP results, geosynthetic cover was recommended for this matter. Conclusion:The most appropriate option for groundwater protection in Hamadan landfill was recommended to be geosynthetic cover (Composite linear). Owing to the high probability of leachate infiltration into groundwater, there is need to be made stricter management decisions in this regard. Also, it is necessary that IWEM is used for prevention of leachate infiltration into groundwater.
Damon Ketabi; Reza Esmaili; Hosein Alidadi; Roya Peirovi; Fatemeh Joulaei
Abstract
Background and Objective: Air pollution is one of the current concerns. Human health has been faced with serious risks due to air pollution as a consequence of urbanization. Continuous monitoring of air quality to determine pollutants and identify their emissions sources are considered as the key strategies ...
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Background and Objective: Air pollution is one of the current concerns. Human health has been faced with serious risks due to air pollution as a consequence of urbanization. Continuous monitoring of air quality to determine pollutants and identify their emissions sources are considered as the key strategies for air pollution control. The main objective of this study was evaluation of Mashhad air quality and determination of responsible pollutants in 2015. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the instantaneous concentrations of air pollutants including O3, CO, SO2, NO2, PM2.5 and PM10 were measured at the three stations of Mashhad during 2015-2016. Based on Air Quality Index (AQI), Mashhad air quality was classified in groups of good, moderate, unhealthy for the sensitive people, unhealthy, very unhealthy and dangerous. Results: The results of the air quality index indicated that the air quality in 46 days was exceeded the standard limit in Mashhad in 2015-2016. The air quality category included 12.5% days unhealthy for sensitive groups, 74.5% days health. Conclusion: In this study, PM2.5 was determined as the main responsible pollutant in non-standard conditions of Mashhad air. Optimizing public transportation, considering environmental standards at the urban transportation management and Launch intelligent traffic control are the most appropriate strategies proposed to control Mashhad air pollution.
Soheil Sobhanardakani; Lobat Taghavi
Abstract
Background & Objective: Nowadays due to the environmental pollution, health risk of foodstuffs consumption especially citrus species as an integral part of human diet has become a serious challenge. Therefore, this study was carried out for analysis and health risk assessment of As and Zn in some ...
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Background & Objective: Nowadays due to the environmental pollution, health risk of foodstuffs consumption especially citrus species as an integral part of human diet has become a serious challenge. Therefore, this study was carried out for analysis and health risk assessment of As and Zn in some widely used citrus samples marketed in Hamedan city in 2015. Materials and Methods: In this analytical study, 48 samples of citrus species (orange, grapefruit, lemon and tangerine) were randomly collected from four wholesale centers of Hamedan city. After samples preparation using acid digestion method, the concentrations of elements in samples were determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP–OES) in three replications. the gained experimental results were analyzed by SPSS 20 software using Shapiro-Wilk Test, One Sample T Test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient. Results:The results showed that the maximum mean concentration (mg/kg) of As and Zn were 0.09±0.07, and 0.26±0.09 for grapefruit and lemon samples respectively. Also the computed health risk assessment showed that there is no potential risk for children and adult to consume the studied citrus. Conclusion: Although based on the obtained results, controlled consumption of studied citrus species has not adverse effect on the consumers’ health, due to the increased use of agricultural inputs especially phosphorus fertilizers, sewage sludge and wastewater by farmers and orchardists, regular periodic monitoring of chemical pollutants such as pesticides and other toxic metals (Hg, Pb, Cd and Cr) content are recommended for food safety especially in imported foodstuffs.
Mohammad Jafari; Ali Jafari
Abstract
Introduction: One important problem in the rural areas is the issue of locating an appropriate landfill for solid wastes. Rural environmental protection is among the essentials of a rural developmnet. Lack of management in a sanitary landfill is a sign of Lack of planning and Lack of considering the ...
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Introduction: One important problem in the rural areas is the issue of locating an appropriate landfill for solid wastes. Rural environmental protection is among the essentials of a rural developmnet. Lack of management in a sanitary landfill is a sign of Lack of planning and Lack of considering the various environmental issues. The present study with the aim of locating a suitable landfill for rural solid wastes was conducted in Mahneshan city. Methods: In this research, to assess an appropriate landfill for rural wastes in mahneshan town, eight important and efficient parameters in locating an appropriate landfill including slope, elevation, distance from the rural points, channels, roads, faults, protected areas, and mines were considered. The identified parameters were compared by incorporating the Analytic Hierarchy Analysis (AHP) method in a pairwise manner and the corresponding weight of each factor, which indicates the effect of that factor, was calculated using the Expert Choice software. Results: by combining the weight layers obtained in the Arc GIS environment, the final location map for considered landfill was prepared and categorized in 5 classes (completely inapproppriate, inapproppriate, intermediate, approppriate and completely approprite). Conclusion: The results showed that in this categorization, the appropriate and completely appropriate zones with 643.9 and 374.5 squre kilometers had the highest preferability for the considered landfill respectively. These zones were prioritized with a 36.9% of the total area of the town, for this matter.