Majid Ghanbarian; Mozhgan Ahmadi Nadoushan
Abstract
Background and purpose: In this study, the vulnerability of Lordegan Plain Aquifer to pollution has been evaluated using DRASTIC, GODS, AVI and ArcGIS 10.5 software. Materials and methods: The Modified DRASTIC model containing eight parameters, is a model to study the hydrogeological properties affecting ...
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Background and purpose: In this study, the vulnerability of Lordegan Plain Aquifer to pollution has been evaluated using DRASTIC, GODS, AVI and ArcGIS 10.5 software. Materials and methods: The Modified DRASTIC model containing eight parameters, is a model to study the hydrogeological properties affecting groundwater pollution. By weighting and combining these parameters in the ArcGIS 10.5, vulnerable areas of the aquifer to pollution were identified. AVI method measured groundwater vulnerability using two physical parameters containing the thickness of each sedimentary rock above the uppermost saturated aquifer surface and estimated hydraulic conductivity. GODS model assessed aquifer vulnerability based on four layers of aquifer type, unsaturated area, surface depth and soil type. Sensitivity analysis was used to to show the effectiveness of the parameters used to evaluate the vulnerability index. Results: The results of this study showed that based on modified DRASTIC model, 14, 76 and 10% of the study area had a moderate, high and very high potential vulnerability to pollution, respectively. The results of AVI model showed that more than 95% of the aquifers had high sensitivity to pollution. The results of the GODS model indicated that 45.3 percent of the region was in low vulnerability class and the rest in the middle vulnerability class. Conclusion: Results indicated that vulnerability assessment models provides valuable tools for authorities and decision makers to manage the Lordegan aquifer.
Hossein Alidadi; Seyedeh Blin Tavakoli Sani; Batoul Zarif gharaati oftadeh; Mohammad Tafaghodi; Seyed Hossein Shams Zadeh; Maryam Fakhari; Ali Asghar Navaei Fezabady; Mohsen Yazdani
Abstract
Background and objectives: Corrosion and Scaling in distribution network pipes is one of the most important indices in water quality evaluation and one of the most common environmental phenomena that deteriorate water quality, color, odor, taste and also increases the concentration of heavy metals in ...
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Background and objectives: Corrosion and Scaling in distribution network pipes is one of the most important indices in water quality evaluation and one of the most common environmental phenomena that deteriorate water quality, color, odor, taste and also increases the concentration of heavy metals in water. Corrosion causes entry of bye-products to water and decreases pipe life and sedimentation, reduces the flow rate and the efficiency of valves and fittings. The purpose of this study was to determine the corrosion or Scaling state of drinking water in Mashhad in 2017. Material and methods: In this study, 72 samples were taken during 2017 to evaluate water quality characteristics, and analyzed based on the standard methods. Then, three indices including Langlier, Ryznar and Aggressiveness Indices were programmed in Excel software and based on this, Corrosion and scaling potential of drinking water were determined. Results: Results showed that the averages of Langlier, Ryznar and Aggressiveness Indices for water were 0.14±0.48, 6.67±0.38 and 12.23±0.23, respectively. According to the Langlier and Ryznar indices, 86.1% of total samples had low scaling potential and according to Aggressive index 97.2% of total samples had scaling. Also, the results showed that 58.33% of the samples were low scaling in spring and other samples were high scaling. In addition, in the summer, 33.3% of the total samples were high scaling and other samples were low scaling. Conclusion: The results showed that drinking water of Mashhad city was Scaling. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures to control scaling in distribution network pipes, especially in areas located in high scaling zones.
Mahdi Sadeghi; Sarah Jorjani; Ali Shahbazi; Kazem Babaei Ziyarati
Abstract
Background and Aim: Salinity is one of the most important factors affecting growth, photosynthesis and valuable metabolites regarding large scale cultivations. The aim of this research was studying the effect of salinity on growth and pigment composition of Chlorella sp. Collected from paddy-fields of ...
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Background and Aim: Salinity is one of the most important factors affecting growth, photosynthesis and valuable metabolites regarding large scale cultivations. The aim of this research was studying the effect of salinity on growth and pigment composition of Chlorella sp. Collected from paddy-fields of the Golestan Province for evaluating of the potentiality for large scale cultivation. Materials and Methods: Purification was done using N8 culture media at 2 uE.m-2.S-1 irradiance, 280C and continuous illumination at pH 7.2. Salinity treatments were Sodium Chloride at 0, 0.25.0.5 and 1% ( 17 to 170 mM) concentration. Survival and growth were assayed by turbidity, pigment composition as in vivo and in vitro were measured after normalization at the dry weight unit. Results: Results showed that the sharp increase in growth rate viewed at 5th day after inoculation at both control and treatments. Survivality would be keep at this salinity range. The optimum of growth and the highest degree of special growth rate were seen in 0.5% salinity. Difference between the growth at 0.5 and 1 % salinity were significant. The ability of carotenoide production at the 9th day after inoculation were significantly more than the other treatments and insignificant for chlorophyll production. Conclusion: The results show that Chlorella sp., have acclimatized potentiality against this degree of tension and regarding that would be considered as a suitable candidates for future bio fertilizer and soil conditioner inoculation in Golestan province. Document Type: Research ar
Sahar Azarmi; Alireza Zahraei Ramazani; Mehdi Mohebali; Amir Ahmad Akhavan Akhavan; Yavar Rassi; Mahboubeh Parsaeian; Alireza Saboori; Zabiholah Zarei; Amrollah Azarm; Rahimeh Abdoli; Hamid Abdoli
Abstract
Abstract Background and purpose: This study was done from October 2016 to October 2017 to determine funa and distribution of ectoparasites of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis reservoirs to prevent and control of zoonotic diseases in the hyperendemic area (Segzi area), in Esfahan Province in the future. ...
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Abstract Background and purpose: This study was done from October 2016 to October 2017 to determine funa and distribution of ectoparasites of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis reservoirs to prevent and control of zoonotic diseases in the hyperendemic area (Segzi area), in Esfahan Province in the future. Materials and methods: Rodents were collected by Sherman's Living Traps during different seasons and were identified by the standard morphological keys and comparison of morphometric characteristics with standard specimens. The collected rodents were anesthetized and ectoparasites were removed and conserved in 96% Alcohol. Then the ectoparasites were identified by the standard keys. Results: Ninety-two Rhombomys opimus and 1 Nesokia indica were captured. 50 out of 93 rodents (53.88%) were infested by the ectoparasites and a total of 527 ectoparasites were collected from them. The 9 species of identified ectoparasites were included 1 tick (0.19% Rhipicephalus sanguineus), 1 sucking lice (0.19% Polyplax spp.), 5 fleas (75.71% Xenopsylla nuttalli, 8.73% Echidnophaga oschanini, 0.95% Nosopsyllus ziarus, 0.95% Coptopsylla mesghalii and 0.19% Nosopsyllus turkmenicus turkmenicus) and 2 mites (7.78% Dermanyssus sanguineus and 5.31% Hirstionyssus sp.). Conclusion: The current study showed that R. opimus rats are found in large numbers in Segzi area and the X. nuttalli fleas were the most frequency. It is suggested to prevent the prevalence of vector- and rodent-borne diseases, the population of rodents and their ectoparasites should be controlled at the same time.
Mostafa Abyareh; Farhad Nejadkoorki; Mohammad Reza Ekhtesasi; Mohammad Akhavan Ghalibaf
Abstract
Background and purpose: Expanded industries and incorrect management led to land pollution, which caused irreparable damage to nature and organisms. Therefore, investigating the role of industrial centers in soil pollution is among the most important measures in field of pollution control. This study ...
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Background and purpose: Expanded industries and incorrect management led to land pollution, which caused irreparable damage to nature and organisms. Therefore, investigating the role of industrial centers in soil pollution is among the most important measures in field of pollution control. This study aimed to evaluate the Heavy Metals contamination in Surface Soil Caused by Steel Industry. Materials and Methods: In this study, to determine the concentration of Cadmium and Lead in soil, 6 soil samples with a depth of 0-5 cm from surrounding areas were collected. Lead and Cadmium levels were measured in soil samples by flame atomic absorption. The statistical indices for concentrations of elements in soil dust were calculated, then the concentrations of the elements in soil before and after the factory were compared, and In order to evaluate the contaminations of heavy metals and to study the environmental impact of the modified degree of contamination, the degree of contamination and the potential environmental risk were calculated. Results: The minimum and maximum amounts for Cadmium and Lead contamination in soil were 24.60, 99.30 and 35.60, 156.30 mg/kg respectively. The results indicated there was a meaningful difference between the amount of Cadmium before and after the company. The pollutant index for Cadmium was extreme and dangerous, whereas the pollutant index for Lead was not critical. Conclusion: Concentrations of two measured elements showed that only level of cadmium was higher than global standards and this indicates polluting role of this factory. Therefore planning for control the release of this metal and other pollutants should be considered.
Mojtaba Afsharnia; Aliakbar Dehghan; Hosein Alidadi; Najmeh Afsharkohan; Sedigheh Majidian
Abstract
Abstract Background & Aim: The colored waste from the textile industry is one of the most pollutants in the aquatic environment. One of the most widely used paints in the textile industry is methylene blue, which is often aromatic, often toxic, carcinogenic, mutated and resistant to biological ...
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Abstract Background & Aim: The colored waste from the textile industry is one of the most pollutants in the aquatic environment. One of the most widely used paints in the textile industry is methylene blue, which is often aromatic, often toxic, carcinogenic, mutated and resistant to biological degradation and has harmful effects on living organisms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the bismuth oxyiodide nanoparticles capability to absorb methylene blue from synthetic wastewater. Materials &methods: The present study was carried out in a laboratory scale in batch mode. The effects of variables affecting the process including pH, adsorbent dose, contact time and initial concentration of color, kinetic and adsorption isotherm were investigated. Results: The maximum removal efficiency of methylene blue from solutions was observed in optimal conditions as pH of 9, contact time of 30 minutes, absorbance dose of 3 g/L and initial concentration of 10 mg/L. Methylene blue adsorption compliance by BiOI from a pseudo-second kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model shows that the type of reaction is chemical absorption. Conclusion: The results of the experiments showed that bismuth oxide has a high potential for removal of methylene blue molecules from contaminated wastewater.
Mohammad Reza Hosseini; Reza Foladifard
Abstract
Background and purpose: The safe and health drinking water is one of the vital factors of human life. The reason for this issue is the existence of various strict standards as WHO and EPA in the world and 1053 standard in Iran in the recent years. This study was implemented to evaluate the effect of ...
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Background and purpose: The safe and health drinking water is one of the vital factors of human life. The reason for this issue is the existence of various strict standards as WHO and EPA in the world and 1053 standard in Iran in the recent years. This study was implemented to evaluate the effect of seasonal changes (spring and autumn) on the physical and chemical properties of drinking water in Sefid-allah village of Qom province. Materials and methods: Measurement of physical and chemical indicators was carried out by the rural wastewater organization of Qom from the potable water sources of Sefid-allah village in two seasons spring and autumn 1390 and 1391. Analyze of parameters like pH, Turbidity, EC, Hardness, CL, NO3−, NO2− , PO34−, NH3, SO42−, F−, CO32−, HCO3−, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+ and Mn2+ was done according to the standard methods of drinking waters (1053 standard). Results: The mean of residual chlorine, Turbidity, pH, TDS, Total Hardness and Alkalinity reported 0 (mg/lit), 0.995 (NTU), 7.41, 1037.5 (mg/l), 478 (mg/l) and 288 (mg/l, respectively. The results showed that, in among Cations and Anions there are the following sequence was established: Na+> Ca2+> Mg2+> K+ and SO42− > HCO3− > CL− > NO3− > F− > PO34−> NO2− > NH3- HCO3−, respectively. The concentration of pH, HCO3− and Mn2+ were higher than the limited value of the standard. As such, only the concentration average of Turbidity, Ca2+, Na+ and K+ in spring were more than autumn. Conclusion:In conclusion, shift in seasons caused changes in some of the indicators under review. Finally, was found that the quality of drinking water of Sefid-allah village, by correcting some of the parameters, there is no problem for used to drinking water.