Journal of Research in Environmental Health

Journal of Research in Environmental Health

Modeling the Conditions of Chemical Oxygen Demand Removal of Dairy Wastewater Using Copper Oxide Nanoparticles

Document Type : Research article

Authors
Iman Homayoonnezhad 1
Paria Amirian 2
1 Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Agriculture, Technical-Engineering Faculty, Payam Noor University, Tehran
2 Ph.D., Environmental Health, Waste Management Organization of Shiraz Municipality, Shiraz, Iran
10.22038/jreh.2024.25288
Abstract
Background and Purpose: The Management, control, and treatment of industrial wastewater are considered necessary in terms of environment, furthermore the preservation of groundwater sources. The use of scientific, and new methods, which simultaneously lack the technical complexities of advanced purification systems, are evaluated.

Materials & Methods: The current research is an experimental study with an applied approach on a laboratory scale, carried out in a discontinuous system with the aim of COD removal of dairy wastewater. In this research, the total sample size, and the number of experiments were determined using the response surface method of the central composite design type, and the effects of four factors (pH, nanoparticle dose, contact time, and ultrasound wave intensity) were investigated at three levels in the sonocatalytic process using copper oxide nanoparticles to remove COD of dairy wastewater. The optimal conditions of removal, and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) model were investigated, furthermore reported.

Results: The comparison between the experimental, and predicted efficiency of COD removal showed that the ANOVA model had an excellent fit to the data. The optimal predicted values of the variables to achieve the highest COD removal efficiency (99.85%) were obtained for pH, nanoparticle dose, contact time, and ultrasound intensity, 10.59, 0.05 g, 60 minutes, and 84.89 kHz, respectively.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that the response surface methodology is an efficient way to decrease the costs of tests; examining the interactions between variables can lead to a better understanding of the effect of independent variables on the dependent variables. Conducting such studies, which test, examine the latest scientific methods in industrial wastewater treatment, is the best solution to gain current knowledge, moreover reduce environmental damage. 
 
Open Access Policy: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Keywords
Sonocatalytic Process
Dairy Industries
Wastewater
CuO Nanoparticles
Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
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