Majid Ghanbarian; Mozhgan Ahmadi Nadoushan
Abstract
Background and purpose: In this study, the vulnerability of Lordegan Plain Aquifer to pollution has been evaluated using DRASTIC, GODS, AVI and ArcGIS 10.5 software. Materials and methods: The Modified DRASTIC model containing eight parameters, is a model to study the hydrogeological properties affecting ...
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Background and purpose: In this study, the vulnerability of Lordegan Plain Aquifer to pollution has been evaluated using DRASTIC, GODS, AVI and ArcGIS 10.5 software. Materials and methods: The Modified DRASTIC model containing eight parameters, is a model to study the hydrogeological properties affecting groundwater pollution. By weighting and combining these parameters in the ArcGIS 10.5, vulnerable areas of the aquifer to pollution were identified. AVI method measured groundwater vulnerability using two physical parameters containing the thickness of each sedimentary rock above the uppermost saturated aquifer surface and estimated hydraulic conductivity. GODS model assessed aquifer vulnerability based on four layers of aquifer type, unsaturated area, surface depth and soil type. Sensitivity analysis was used to to show the effectiveness of the parameters used to evaluate the vulnerability index. Results: The results of this study showed that based on modified DRASTIC model, 14, 76 and 10% of the study area had a moderate, high and very high potential vulnerability to pollution, respectively. The results of AVI model showed that more than 95% of the aquifers had high sensitivity to pollution. The results of the GODS model indicated that 45.3 percent of the region was in low vulnerability class and the rest in the middle vulnerability class. Conclusion: Results indicated that vulnerability assessment models provides valuable tools for authorities and decision makers to manage the Lordegan aquifer.
Hamidreza Rudi
Arezoo Tavakoli
Abstract
Background and Aim: Air quality in indoor environments such as shopping places is affected by vehicles, in consequence of vicinity with streets and overcrowding. Despite the effect of air pollutants on community health, less attention has been paid to air pollution in traditional bazaars with natural ...
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Background and Aim: Air quality in indoor environments such as shopping places is affected by vehicles, in consequence of vicinity with streets and overcrowding. Despite the effect of air pollutants on community health, less attention has been paid to air pollution in traditional bazaars with natural ventilation. The aim of this study is to evaluate concentration of some air pollutants in three traditional bazaars (Sarai-e-Mokhles, Ghanadiha and Ghahvehkashiha) in Isfahan, placed at the Naqsh-e-Jahan Square. Materials and methods: The concentration of SO2, NO2, O3, Particulate Matters (PM2.5 & PM10) were determined by Aeroqual S500 using a direct assay method. The population of fungi and bacterial were determined by Flite 3 sampling pump (SKC) during a nine-month period from autumn 2018 to spring 2019. Results: Based on results, the pollutant concentrations were much higher at the end of the weeks. In all stations, O3 concentration was close to zero but the concentrations of SO2, NO2, PM2.5 and PM10 demonstrated higher concentrations than that of the standards. The air quality in Sarai-e-Mokhles and Ghanadiha are more critical than Ghahvehkashiha. The gram-positive Bacillus and Penicillium sp were the most population of bacteria and fungi, respectively. Conclusion: The lack of a ventilation system, various occupational activities, as well as the traffic of motorcycles increased the concentration of pollutants in the bazaars. Based on the long-term presence of market shopkeepers and high people density, it is necessary to pay more attention to air quality and to provide solutions to reduce air pollutant concentrations.
Sahar Zamaniahari; Moradali Zareipour
Abstract
The supervision of food preparation, distribution, and supply centers to maintain the health of users is the responsibility of inspectors and environmental health experts of medical universities across the country. Proper inspection and control of these centers play an important role in preventing the ...
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The supervision of food preparation, distribution, and supply centers to maintain the health of users is the responsibility of inspectors and environmental health experts of medical universities across the country. Proper inspection and control of these centers play an important role in preventing the occurrence and prevalence of infectious diseases and protect the health of people in the community. Therefore, to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and the increasing number of patients with this disease, stricter control measures should be applied to food preparation, distribution, and supply centers, and health protocols should be inspected in these centers. Due to the shortage of environmental health forces, as well as the expansion of food preparation, distribution, and supply centers, the inspection of these centers and training of people in all centers regarding the observance of coronavirus prevention protocols are not possible. Therefore, the authors in this article suggest health volunteers as participants in overseeing food preparation, distribution, and supply centers. The active involvement and participation of health volunteers increase the sense of social responsibility and eliminate the sense of authority and dominance of formal organizations. After receiving face-to-face and virtual training on coronavirus prevention health protocols in food preparation, distribution, and supply centers, and visiting and monitoring several food centers alongside environmental health experts, health volunteers can carry out their activities for disease prevention and control. In this way, there will be a comprehensive determination to control the coronavirus in centers for the preparation, distribution, and supply of food. The results of these activities will have a positive effect on the health of people and society and ultimately the control of the disease.
Seyed Ali Mohammadi Nezhad; Aslan Egder Nezhad
Abstract
The present study stimulated the groundwater quality parameters of Zeidoun plain including Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), using ANN and ANN-GA models and in the end compare their results with measured data. The input data for TDS quality parameter ...
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The present study stimulated the groundwater quality parameters of Zeidoun plain including Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), using ANN and ANN-GA models and in the end compare their results with measured data. The input data for TDS quality parameter consist of Na, EC, Ca, Mg, SO4 and SAR, for SAR including the Na, TDS, Hco3, Ca and Mg and quality parameter of EC contains Ca, Mg, SO4, Na and SAR, gathered from 2011 to 2018.The results showed that in ANN and ANN-GA models, the highest accuracy of SAR simulation in the model with sigmoid tangent function, in EC simulator model, the highest accuracy in ANN and ANN-GA models, respectively, related to logarithm stimulus functions. Sigmoid and tangent is sigmoid. Also in ANN and ANN-GA models, the highest accuracy of TDS simulation was obtained in the model with sigmoid tangent stimulus and sigmoid logarithm, respectively. so that the MAE and RMSE statistics have the minimum and R^2 has the maximum value for the model. In general, according to the obtained results, the accuracy of ANN-GA model is higher than ANN model, to simulate the groundwater quality parameters of Zeidoun plain. Therefore, the use of artificial neural network model along with genetic algorithm is a good tool to simulate high quality groundwater quality parameters, without the need for measurement and laboratory work, which requires high time and cost.
Alireza Behzadi; Amirhosein Yazdanbakhsh
Abstract
Background and Purpose: In recent years, concerns about the presence of pharmaceutical compounds in the wastewater have been increasing. Various types of residues of the widely used tetracycline family of antibiotic compounds are found in environmental waters in relatively low and persistent concentrations ...
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Background and Purpose: In recent years, concerns about the presence of pharmaceutical compounds in the wastewater have been increasing. Various types of residues of the widely used tetracycline family of antibiotic compounds are found in environmental waters in relatively low and persistent concentrations that have adverse effects on human health and the environment. The aim of this study was to synthesize high specific level organic aerogels to remove Minocycline antibiotics.Material and Methods: In this study, resorcinol formaldehyde aerogel was synthesized using sol-gel process and dried by ambient drying. The aerogel was then modified using graphene and finally the performance of the synthesized samples as adsorbent under various parameters such as solution pH (2 -12), the amount of adsorbent (4-10 mg) and the time of contact of the adsorbent with the antibiotic (3-24 h) were evaluated. Raman spectroscopy, electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and BET tests were used to characterize the samples and then the removal efficiency of Minocycline antibiotic was measured by the samples using UV-Vis analysis.Results: The results of BET test showed that the specific surface area of the resorcinol formaldehyde aerogel sample containing 1wt.% graphene was increased compared to the neat aerogel. Also, according to the results, it was found that the removal percentage of minocycline antibiotic for pure and modified samples is 71.6% and 92.1% at optimal pH of 4 and 6, respectively.Conclusion: Graphene-modified resorcinol formaldehyde aerogel is a suitable adsorbent for removal of Minocycline antibiotic from aqueous solution.
Mohsen Samimi; Mohsen Shahriari Moghadam
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Phytoremediation stands out as one of the effective techniques for stabilizing, extracting, trapping, or detoxifying pollutants utilizing plants. This cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach leads to the revitalization and enhancement of vegetation, along with increased ...
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Background and Purpose: Phytoremediation stands out as one of the effective techniques for stabilizing, extracting, trapping, or detoxifying pollutants utilizing plants. This cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach leads to the revitalization and enhancement of vegetation, along with increased activity and growth of microorganisms. In this study, the species cultivated in the tailings of the lead and zinc mines of Ravanj were identified and assessed.Materials and Methods: Indigenous plants thriving in mineral tailings were isolated from the root portion. Random sampling of the identified soil and plant species was conducted. The accumulation of heavy metals (lead, zinc, manganese, chromium, copper, nickel, cadmium, and cobalt) in the soil, aerial organs, and roots of plants were quantified. Additionally, the bioconcentration factor of the aerial and root parts and the transfer factor were computed.Results: Among the heavy metals, cadmium, zinc, lead, and manganese displayed the highest accumulations in the leaves of Euphorbia macroclada (3.91±0.17 mg/kg), Verbascum speciosum (751.94±42.67 mg/kg), Acanthophyllum microcephalum (272.11±31.73 mg/kg), and Acanthophyllum microcephalum (594.59±9.76 mg/kg), respectively. Conversely, cobalt, chromium, copper, and nickel exhibited the most significant accumulations in the roots of Acantholimon hohenackeri (3.17±0.55 mg/kg), Acantholimon hohenakeri (20.16±2.28 mg/kg), Euphorbia macroclada (19.51±0.36 mg/kg), and Verbascum speciosum (17.56±0.90 mg/kg), respectively. Euphorbia macroclada demonstrated the highest bioconcentration in aerial parts and roots concerning cadmium metal (0.40). Furthermore, the Acantholimon hohenackeri plant exhibited the highest transfer factor (2.75), primarily associated with lead metal.Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, the investigated species within the lead and zinc mines of Ravanj could serve as heavy metal-resistant ecotypes, contributing to the reduction of heavy metal mobility and bioavailability, thereby enhancing soil texture quality.
Hosein Alidadi; Hassan Karimian; Edris Bazrafshan; Ali Asghar Najafpoor; Shahrbanoo Rafe
Abstract
Background and Objective: Textile industry is one of the largest consumers of dyes. Approximately 75% of global dye production is used for dyeing textile, leather, and paper products. Dyes due to their complexstructure are mostly stable, toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, and resistant to biodegradation; ...
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Background and Objective: Textile industry is one of the largest consumers of dyes. Approximately 75% of global dye production is used for dyeing textile, leather, and paper products. Dyes due to their complexstructure are mostly stable, toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, and resistant to biodegradation; they also can cause allergies and skin conditions in humans.This study aimed to evaluate the efficacies of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes and palm ash for dye removal from textile wastewater in Baluch region ofIranshahr in Iran. Methods: This experimental study was performed on textile wastewater with a dye concentration of 20 mg/L in 2013. The efficacy of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes and palm ash for dye removal at different concentrations, durations (30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes), and pH ranges (3, 5.7, 9, and11) was investigated. Dye concentration in different samples was measured, using a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 525 nm. Results: The rates of dye removal using multi‐walled carbon nanotubes at pHs of 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11, dye concentration of 20 mg/L, and adsorbent concentration of 0.05 g/L were 85.5%, 93.4%, 88.4%, 81.3%, and 75.3%, respectively during 180 minutes. The corresponding values for palm ash were 88%, 92.8%, 96%, 92.2%, and 88.7%, respectively. The rates of dye absorption were 1710, 1868, 1769, 1626, and 1506 mg/g for multi‐walled carbon nanotubes and 1763, 1857, 1921, 1844, and 1775 mg/g for palm ash, respectively. According to Langmuir isotherm model, adsorption isotherms were R2=0.876 and R2=0.980 for carbon nanotubes and palm ash, respectively. The maximum removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) inmulti‐walled carbon nanotubes was obtained at pH=5, adsorbent concentration of 0.05, and contact time of 180 min (73.4%). For palm ash, maximum removal was achieved at pH=7, adsorbent concentration of 0.05,and contact time of 180 min (70.6%). Conclusion: Dye removal from textile wastewater can be promoted by increasing reaction time. Dye and COD removal by multi‐walled carbon nanotubes and palm ash was desirable. In fact, in multi‐walled carbonnanotubes, efficacy was desirable at acidic pHs, while in palm ash, neutral pH was considered desirable. Therefore, use of palm ash for the removal of environmental pollutants can be cost‐effective, given its high abundance. Paper Type: Research Article
Ali Reza Karimiyan; Aslan Egdernezhad
Abstract
Abstract Background and Aim: Because of their high effectiveness and fewer expenses than other methods, groundwater models have been developed and used by hydrogeologists as water resource management tools. In this regard, many models have been developed, which propose better management to protect ...
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Abstract Background and Aim: Because of their high effectiveness and fewer expenses than other methods, groundwater models have been developed and used by hydrogeologists as water resource management tools. In this regard, many models have been developed, which propose better management to protect water resources. Most of these models require input parameters that are hardly available or their measurements are time-consuming and expensive. Among them, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models inspired by the human brain are a better choice. Materials and Methods: The present study simulated the groundwater level and salinity in Ramhormoz plain using ANN and ANN+PSO models and compared their results with the measured data. The data collected as inputs of the two models included minimum temperature, maximum temperature, average temperature, wind speed at 2 m altitude, minimum relative humidity, maximum relative humidity, average relative humidity, and sunshine hours gathered from 2011 to 2017. Results: The results indicated that the highest prediction accuracy of groundwater level and salinity was achieved by the ANN-PSO model with the logarithm sigmoid activation function. Thus, the MAE and RMSE statistics had the minimum and R^2 had the maximum value for the model. Conclusion: Considering the high efficiency of artificial neural network models with Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm training, it can be used to make managerial decisions, ensure the results of monitoring, and reduce costs. Keywords: Groundwater Level; Simulation; Groundwater Salinity; Artificial Neural Networks Model
mahdi salari; Shahrokh Nazmara; Kazem Naddafi; Mohammad Hadi Dehghani
Abstract
Background & Objective:Formaldehyde is one of the most important aldehydes in ambient air which originates from vehicles and photochemical processes. Because of the importance of this pollutant in public health, in this study, we addressed the concentration level in coupled with daily and cross sectional ...
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Background & Objective:Formaldehyde is one of the most important aldehydes in ambient air which originates from vehicles and photochemical processes. Because of the importance of this pollutant in public health, in this study, we addressed the concentration level in coupled with daily and cross sectional variation of formaldehyde in the high traffic area of Enghelab Square in Tehran city and also the effect of meteorological parameters on variation of formaldehyde concentration were determined. Materials & Methods:This cross-sectional study was done in Enghelab Square placed in the district 6 of Tehran in December, January and February (period 1) and April, May and June (period 2) in 2014-2015. To measure the concentration of formaldehyde, the chromotropic acid method was used and samples were analyzed by Perkin Elmer LAMBDA spectrophotometer model of 25 UV/Vis at wavelength 580nm. Data analysing performed by SPSS (T-test and coefficient correlation) and excel ( graphical drawing). Results:The formaldehyde concentration on Fridays in comparison with other days during the week have a significant difference (Independent T-test, p<0.05). The average concentration of formaldehyde in the period 2 of sampling was higher than that in the period 1 by 6.5 ppb (Paired T-test p<0.05). A significant positive correlation was found between temperature and humidity parameters and formaldehyde’s concentration with correlation coefficients of 0.457 and 0.338 respectively, and also pressure parameter with correlation coefficient of 0.1 showed no significant correlation between formaldehyde concentration variations. Furthermore, formaldehyde concentrations were increased under inversion conditions. Conclusion:Formaldehyde concentration on Fridays in comparison with other days had lower level that can be resulted from low traffic volume on Fridays. Moreover, increasing formaldehyde concentration in the period 2 (April, May and June months) in comparison to period 1 (December, January and February months) is the result of intensifying photochemical processes in the warm months. Also the effect of temperature, humidity and inversion condition on increasing the concentration of formaldehyde show the importance of meteorological conditions in formaldehyde concentration variations.
hosein alidadi; maryam dolatabadi; marjan mehrabpour
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Nitrate contamination of surface and groundwater is considered as one of the more serious problems in throughout the world. High nitrate concentration in water (higher than standards) is very dangerous, consuming such polluted water can lead to Methemoglobinemia disease ...
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Background and Objectives: Nitrate contamination of surface and groundwater is considered as one of the more serious problems in throughout the world. High nitrate concentration in water (higher than standards) is very dangerous, consuming such polluted water can lead to Methemoglobinemia disease in children and the formation of the carcinogenic nitrosamines in adults. . The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility using of Modified clinoptilolite Zeolite by Cationic Surfactants adsorbent in nitrate removal from aqueous solutions. Materials and Methods: In this empirical study, the effects of different independent variables including adsorbent dose (1-3 g/l), initial concentration of nitrate (50-150 mg/l), pH (4-10) and contact time (15-120 min) on elimination of nitrate was investigated. Also, adsorption kinetic along with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms was studied. Results: The obtained results showed that the maximum removal efficiency of NO3 was in the initial nitrate concentration of 50 mg/L, pH of 4, adsorbent dose of 3 g/l, and contact time of 90 min. Also, the results indicate that the nitrate adsorption by modified Clinoptilolite zeolite was fitted well with Freundlich isotherm (R2=0.9951), and second- order kinetics (R2=0.9998). Conclusion: According to the attained results, the Clinoptilolite zeolite can be considered as an appropriate and economical adsorbent for elimination of nitrate from aqueous solutions. Concerning its simple modification method and low cost, it can be applied as an adsorbent for other anionic pollutions. .
Reyhane Dehghan; Ahmad Rafiepoor; Seyed Hossein Nejad Sajadi
Abstract
Background and purpose: Heavy metals can be serious threat to food security because of the ability to accumulte in the body of fish. Therefore, considering the important role of fish play in human nutrition, the concentration of heavy metals, especially in the edible part of the fish, is necessary. Materials ...
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Background and purpose: Heavy metals can be serious threat to food security because of the ability to accumulte in the body of fish. Therefore, considering the important role of fish play in human nutrition, the concentration of heavy metals, especially in the edible part of the fish, is necessary. Materials and methods: In order to investigate the concentration of heavy metals mercury, lead and cadmium in muscle tissue of three fish species, Tuna )Scomberomoruscommerson(, Tap)Thunnustonggol (and tilapia due (Oreochromisniloticus) 20 pieces of fish were randomly collected from fish sailes in Jiroft city in winter 2017. samples were prepared by acid digestion. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 19 software, ANOVA and t-test. The presence or absence of significant difference was determined at 5% level (P <0.05). Results: The results showed that there is a significant difference between the accumulation of lead and cadmium in Tuna, Tap and tilapia muscle tissue (p <0/05) and the rate of lead accumulation in the tuna Conclusion:The concentration of mercury in the fish muscle tissue was lower than the global standard but the two metals of cadmium and lead in the tissues of Tilapia and tap were higher than the global standard. Key words: Jiroft, Cadmium, Heavy metals, food chain.
Farshad Ahmadilar; Leila Khazini; Seyyed Shamedin Alizadeh
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Emitted pollutants in indoor environment of printing industries are the most serious risks to labor’s health according to WHO. The health effects of these pollutants range from acute diseases like eye irritation to chronic effects such as cancer and DNA damage.Materials ...
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Background and Purpose: Emitted pollutants in indoor environment of printing industries are the most serious risks to labor’s health according to WHO. The health effects of these pollutants range from acute diseases like eye irritation to chronic effects such as cancer and DNA damage.Materials and Methods: To study air pollution in indoor environment of the printing industry, using EPA methodology and ranked set sampling, samples were collected and then analysed through gas chromatography. Results: Based on the results, despite the concentration profile at the sampling sites, the total concentration of very volatile and volatile organic compounds at the nearest point to the dye tank, the location of the operator at a distance of one and two meters from the heliogravure machine, and the general working space were 20.83%, 5.41%, 1.85% and 1.46%, respectively . About 52% of the observed putants were ink organic solvents, 38% were sulfur compounds and 52% were nitrogen compounds. About 24% of pollutants have a complex structure of 12 carbons or more. The concentrations of pollutants observed not only exceed OSHA and NIOSH standards but also very high compared to similar international research; so that they are in the range of danger code announcement and have worrying health effects on employees. Conclusiuon: The results indicate the need for urgent intervention to reduce pollution in the printing industry. The preferred method for managing indoor air quality is control or replace the source of pollution, proper air conditioning equipment use, and simultaneous use of filters and air conditioning system to reduce emissions.
Mohammad Reza Atabaki; Ali Lotfi
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective:Heavy metals contamination of soils is one of the main environmental problems. Heavy metals are considered as one most dangerous groups of pollutants because of their toxicity and stability. The biological and ecological importance of heavy metals is due to their characteristics ...
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Abstract
Background and Objective:Heavy metals contamination of soils is one of the main environmental problems. Heavy metals are considered as one most dangerous groups of pollutants because of their toxicity and stability. The biological and ecological importance of heavy metals is due to their characteristics of polluting, their toxicity, persistence and bioaccumulation.. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial distribution of heavy metals in the different north areas of Isfahan.
Method: In the present study, 30 soil samples (0-20 cm depth) were randomly collected and the total concentration of Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu were measured using Perkin Elmer's atomic absorption device. Also, some other soil properties including pH, EC, organic carbon, soil texture and organic matter proportions were measured. The inverse distance weighting (IDW) method was used for interpolation and mapping of the heavy metals concentration.
Findings: The results showed that the average concentrations of Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu in the study area were 47/16, 2/26, 57/35 and 22/31 mg/kg respectively. Also the results of statistical analysis showed that the standard deviations of Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu in the study area were 7.13, 0.51, 5.56 and 2.84 respectively.
Conclusion: The results indicate that the averageconcentrations of Pb and Cd in the soil of study area were higher than the global standard and Cu and Zn were lower than the global standard.
Salehe Salehnia; Behnam Barikbin; Rasoul Khosravi
Abstract
Introduction :In recent years, concerns have been raised about the presence of a wide range of drug substances and antibiotics in aquatic environments. Usually these materials are due to the inefficiency of conventional wastewater treatment technologies, From various routes such as agricultural runoff, ...
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Introduction :In recent years, concerns have been raised about the presence of a wide range of drug substances and antibiotics in aquatic environments. Usually these materials are due to the inefficiency of conventional wastewater treatment technologies, From various routes such as agricultural runoff, direct discharge from urban wastewater treatment plants, human waste products, direct disposal of medical waste, industry, etc. into aquatic environments. The present study aims at the removal of penicillin G through electrofenton process in the aqueous solution. Methods : The present study was conducted on laboratory scale in tanks made of glass using iron electrodes with useful volume 400 cc. The device is equipped with a flow rate regulator and voltage regulator to control these variables. Urban alternate current forms the input to the devices. The tank was filled with synthetic penicillin G with a concentration of 50-200 mg/L. The removal of penicillin G at potential 26V, the intensity of the 0.05-0.6A, Time 0-120 min, pH: 3-12 and the distance between the electrodes was measured in the range of 1-4cm. Results: The aim of present study was to the potential of the processes of electrofenton removal of penicillin G in aquatic environments. The results were pH of 3, the electric current density 0.6A, reaction time 20min, the concentration of antibiotic 50mg/l, and the distance between electrodes 1cm with concentration of H2O2 25mmol . in these circumstances, the results showed that electrocoagulation process is the ability to remove 100 percent of the pollutants. Conclusion: The results of this study illustrate that electrofenton process with iron electrodes is cost-effective removal of organic compounds.
Rouya Peiravi; Hossein Alidadi; Allah Bakhsh javid; Ali Asghar Najafpoor; Habibollah Esmaeili; Fatemeh Joulaei
Abstract
Background and objectives: Water is the major challenging issue worldwide. In Iran, water shortage is more serious than other countries because it is located on arid and semi-arid region. The objective of this research was modeling of drought effects on variation of chemical water quality in the wells ...
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Background and objectives: Water is the major challenging issue worldwide. In Iran, water shortage is more serious than other countries because it is located on arid and semi-arid region. The objective of this research was modeling of drought effects on variation of chemical water quality in the wells of Kashaf Rood area in Mashhad plain in 2006-2010. Materials and Method: Quality and levelraw data(2006-2010) of 16 drinking water wells in Kashaf Rood area and also meteorological parameters were extracted. Data were analyezed by SPSS and Excel softwares and modeled was by STELLA software.Normal and Pearson corrolate test were used in significance level α= 0.05, to understand relationship between water level and quality. Results: Ground water level from 2006 to 2010 have had 6 meter loss. Mashhad plain experienced the least rainfall with an average annual 104.7 mm in 1998-99 and the most rainfall with an minimum annual 414.6 mm. Maximum temperature have been 35 to 40 0C in the hot months and also shortage rain and intensive water level loss were observed in these months in 1991-1992. Examination between water level variation and water ground indexes (TDS & TH) determined that all wells had no significant relationship between thoseparameters except wells No 5(p=0.028) and 9 (p=0.024). According to model results could be concluded model have good accuracy to estimate groundwater characteristics concentration. Conclusion: Mentioned ground water level loss in the area indicates need for appropriate planninig and management of water resources and rainfall so that will be prevented direct and indirect drought (ie: quality change) Paper Type: Research Article
Sepideh Yeganeh Shali; Ghasem Rahimi; Leila Jahanban; Salahedin Moradi; Eisa Ebrahimi
Abstract
Background and Aim: In recent decades, industrial, agricultural and urban activities have led to pollution and accumulation of heavy metals in soils and plants which directly or indirectly affects humans and animals lives. Nowadays, pollutant accumulation in most agricultural products is much higher ...
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Background and Aim: In recent decades, industrial, agricultural and urban activities have led to pollution and accumulation of heavy metals in soils and plants which directly or indirectly affects humans and animals lives. Nowadays, pollutant accumulation in most agricultural products is much higher than the permissible limit due to the excessive use of fertilizers. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the accumulated proportions of heavy metals such as copper, lead and cadmium in different tissues of laboratory rat.
Materials and Methods: In this study, the accumulation and distribution of heavy metals were investigated in different organs of rats under various nutritional conditions. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with greenhouse strawberry treatments in three groups.Different groups of rats (27 rats) were fed strawberries infected with heavy metals by oral gavage within a three-month period.
Regarding the average weight of rats, 0.5 gram of fresh strawberry was considered for each rat. In addition, heavy metals solution including cadmium (15.773 mg / l), lead (41.560 mg / l) and copper (9.445 mg / l) were exerted to the plant. In the next stage of procedure, heavy metals (cadmium, copper and lead) accumulated in different organs of the rats (kidney, liver, pancreas, Testicle, spleen, and brain) were measured.
Results: Results showed that the concentrations of studied heavy metals in the strawberries were 7.7, 26 and 3.2 mg/kg for cadmium, lead and copper respectively, which were higher than Iranian standard level. The statistical results showed that there was a significant difference between the different organs in the intake of the heavy metals, so that in the infected treatment, the most and lowest amounts of cadmium were in the kidney (0.41 g / day) and the brain (0.24 g / day), respectively. Heavy metals caused reduction in the rate of weight gain of rats. The accumulation of these elements was higher in the kidney, liver and pancreas than other organs. The least accumulation of heavy metals was related to the rat’s brain, while highest proportion of the heavy metals accumulation was in the kidney.
Conclusion: The results demonstrated that if strawberry quality is not evaluated properly and distributed throughout community in the contaminated form, it can pose many harmful effects on the community’s health. Therefore, the quality control should be carried out with high precision.
Maryam Sayadi; Mojtaba G.Mahmoodlu
Abstract
Background and purpose: The present study was performed to investigate trend and prediction of changes in some quality parameters of Gamasyab river water using multivariate statistical methods and time series. Materials and methods: In this research, the annual means of some qualitative parameters ...
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Background and purpose: The present study was performed to investigate trend and prediction of changes in some quality parameters of Gamasyab river water using multivariate statistical methods and time series. Materials and methods: In this research, the annual means of some qualitative parameters related to a 6-year statistical period in two Pol-Chehr and DoAb stations were used. At first, the factors controlling chemistry of Gamasyab river were determined using Ternary and Gibbs diagrams. Then, to determine a linear relationship between multidimensional variables, Canonical correlation coefficients were used. Finally, the changing trend of water quality parameters in next 5-years was predicted. Results: At Pol-Chehr station, qualitative parameters show an upward trend except for pH. While at DoAb, all qualitative parameters show a downward trend except for Mg and SO4. Based on Ternary and Gibbs diagrams, water dominant facies are Ca-Mg-HCO3 and the main factor controlling water chemistry is water-rock reaction at both stations, respectively. Results showed that the chemical parameters of HCO3 and Mg at Pol-Chehr with canonical coefficients of 0.938 and 0.933 are in the first group and Na with coefficient of 0.845 is situated in the second category. While in DoAb station, chemical variables HCO3 and Ca with coefficients of 0.945 and 0.0789 are placed in the first group, and Na and Cl with the coefficients of 0.930 and 0.800 are in the second group, respectively. First and second group origins of canonical variables can be related to dissolution of limestone and evaporative deposits. Prediction results of the water quality parameters changes in Gamasyab river for the next 5 years showed that an increase in all the parameters except for pH at Pol-Chehr station. While except for Mg and SO4, all quality parameters will decrease at the DoAb station. Conclusion:Water-rock reaction is the most important factor affecting Gamasyab river water chemistry. Document Type: Research article
Majid Kermani; sevda fallah jokandan; Mina Aghaei; Mohsen dowlati
Abstract
Background & Objective : Air pollution is considered as one of the the most important risks of uncontrolled growth of cities, economic development and energy consumption in the last century. In large cities, such an increasing trend seriously threatens the health of residents. This study aims to ...
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Background & Objective : Air pollution is considered as one of the the most important risks of uncontrolled growth of cities, economic development and energy consumption in the last century. In large cities, such an increasing trend seriously threatens the health of residents. This study aims to evaluate the health effects of PM10, PM2.5 and SO2, and estimate the mortality and morbidity rate of cardiovascular, respiratory and Chronic obstructive pulmonary, attributed to the aforementioned pollutants, using AirQ model in metropolis of Tehran in 1392. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, Data required were collected from environmental protection organization and air quality control center of Tehran. These data were analyzed by Excel, and the processed data entered AirQ model. Then relative risk, basis risk and attributable fraction were estimated. Finally, the gained results, being mortality and morbidity rate, were presented in tables and graphs. Results: The results showed that the average annual concentration of PM10, PM2.5 and SO2, were 73, 43 and 41 μg/m3, respectively, being 3.65, 4.3 and 2.05 times higher than the national standard of Iran and WHO guidelines, correspondingly. Total number of mortalities attributed to the PM10, PM2.5 and SO2, were about 2187, 2842 and 721, respectively, being 3.65%, 4.75% and 1.20% of total deaths of Tehran city (except accidents), correspondingly. Conclusion: The results showed the health effects of particulate matter and sulfur dioxide pollutants, including total mortality, cardiovascular mortality, respiratory, hospitalizations due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and myocardial infarction in Tehran. So, it’s obviously clear that the proportion of mentioned pollutants are being increased in Tehran’s atmosphere that requires more attention of officials and experts to control air pollution.
Ali Asghar Najafpoor; omid nemati sani; hosein alidadi; aliakbar dehghan; Saeed Azarmi Moheb Seraj
Abstract
Introduction: Ciprofloxacin is one of the most important synthetic antibiotics from the fluoroquinolone group and is widely used in medicine and veterinary medicine. The presence of fluorine atom in its composition has made stability and Sustainability. Recently, ozone is used for wastewater treatment, ...
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Introduction: Ciprofloxacin is one of the most important synthetic antibiotics from the fluoroquinolone group and is widely used in medicine and veterinary medicine. The presence of fluorine atom in its composition has made stability and Sustainability. Recently, ozone is used for wastewater treatment, odor control and removal of persistent organic compounds. Ozone acts through direct oxidation or the mechanisms of chain reactions that result in the release of hydroxyl radicals. Goal: The aim of this study was to determine the efficiency of ciprofloxacin removal by ozonation process from aqueous solutions. Material and methods: In this study, at first, concentrations of produced ozone of generator were determined by iodometric method. The studied parameters in the process includingciprofloxacin concentrations of 10-50 mg/L, pH of 3-12, a reaction time of 60 min and an ozone concentration of 1.4 mg/lit.min was investigated in a semiconductor reactor. The remained concentrations of ciprofloxacin in the samples were measured by HPLC. Results: In the optimal condition, at pH: 12, O3: 1.4 gr/lit.min, and initial antibiotic concentration of 10 mg/L, 94.6% of ciprofloxacin was removed. Conclusion: The results showed that ozonation can be a suitable method for removal of ciprofloxacin antibiotic from aqueous solutions.
Eslam Nazari; Aslan Egdernezhad; Reza Jalilzadeh Yengejeh
Abstract
Background and Aim: Monitoring water quality is so important so as to decide about using them. So, this research was conducted to evaluate Khuzitan’s river water quality. Materials and Methods: The rivers were studied consist of Dez, Karkheh, Maroon, Karoon and Zohreh. Data collecting was applied ...
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Background and Aim: Monitoring water quality is so important so as to decide about using them. So, this research was conducted to evaluate Khuzitan’s river water quality. Materials and Methods: The rivers were studied consist of Dez, Karkheh, Maroon, Karoon and Zohreh. Data collecting was applied during 2018 for each river from specified stations. So, water quality standard of Iran, WHO and Canadian council of ministers of the environment, and Shoeller diagram and Wilcox diagram were used. In addition, IRWQIsc and NSFWQI standards were used to categorize river water quality. Results: The results showed that Dez water was industrially corrosive, while other rivers had sedimentary water for industrial use. The water quality of Dez was better than other rivers in Khuzestan province, but this river also had high magnesium, hardness and chlorine based on the Shoeller diagram. The quality of this river was better for agricultural purposes rather than the others. Karun River was moderately better than other rivers, and water quality is better upstream than downstream. According to IRWQIsc index, the water quality variations of Dez, Karkheh, Karoon, Maroon and Zohreh were 71-83, 41-52, 39-55, 33-41 and 25-32, respectively. The results of NSFWQI index for Dez, Karkheh, Karoon, Maroon and Zohreh rivers showed that the values of these rivers varied between 65-77, 55-70, 58-68, 52-60 and 36-48, respectively. Conclusion: Thus Dez River was in relatively good condition. Karoon and Karkheh rivers were in moderate condition and other rivers were in relatively poor condition. According to all indices, water quality of Zohreh River was in poor condition and Dez River was in good condition. Other rivers had medium quality.
Mohsen Rezaei; Nezamaddin Mengelizadeh
Abstract
Background and purpose: In recent years, the release of persistent pollutants from wastewater treatment plants into the environment has led to health and ecosystem problems. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to activate heterogeneous peroxymonosulfate (PMS) with magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4) ...
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Background and purpose: In recent years, the release of persistent pollutants from wastewater treatment plants into the environment has led to health and ecosystem problems. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to activate heterogeneous peroxymonosulfate (PMS) with magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4) for the degradation of reactive black 5 (RB5).Materials and Methods: The present study was performed in a laboratory and column scale for RB5 dye degradation by PMS activation with Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The effect of parameters such as pH (3-11), PMS concentration (0.25-4 mM), catalyst concentration (50-500 mg/L), and solution temperature (10-50 °C) on the degradation efficiency of RB5 was investigated. Stability experiments and trapping of reactive species were studied under optimal conditions obtained from the influence of parameters.Results: Maximum dye removal efficiency (94.86%) was obtained in Fe3O4 dosage of 250 mg/L, PMS dosage of 2 mM, pH of 7, and reaction time of 60 min. In comparative experiments, Fe3O4 showed appropriate catalytic activity in PMS activation and RB5 degradation compared to the PMS process and adsorption alone. The degradation rate of RB5 improved with increasing temperature but decreased with the presence of anions in aqueous solutions due to the consumption of reactive species. Highly reactive magnetic nanoparticles showed four consecutive degradation cycles in a column reactor. Trapping experiments emphasize that both hydroxyl radicals and sulfate play an important role in the degradation of pollutants, however, sulfate radicals are a predominant species of RB5 degradation. The continuous column reactor provided 95.65%, 80%, and 50% degradation efficiencies for RB5 in synthetic, surface water, and textile wastewater samples, respectively.Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be concluded that the PMS/Fe3O4 process is a promising technology for the degradation of RB5 from aqueous solutions.
Peyman Ghalamkari; Mozhgan Ahmadi Nadoushan
Abstract
Background and purpose: Regarding the status of air pollution in Isfahan, this study aims to evaluate the air quality of Isfahan due to Particulate Matter and find the relationship between landscape patterns and suspended particles. Materials and methods: to measure the concentration of the suspended ...
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Background and purpose: Regarding the status of air pollution in Isfahan, this study aims to evaluate the air quality of Isfahan due to Particulate Matter and find the relationship between landscape patterns and suspended particles. Materials and methods: to measure the concentration of the suspended particles using a Met One dust meter in 52 points, the city was randomly sampled. The land use map of Isfahan city was prepared after downloading satellite images from the site of the United States Geological Survey. The land use map was generated in six classes with the maximum likelihood classification method in Terrset software. To create the distribution map of suspended particles, the information of 52 stations and inverse distance weighting method in ArcGIS 10.5 was used. Landscape metrics (Normalized Entropy, Edge Density, Patch Area, Relative Richness, and Patch Compactness) were used to quantify the pattern of landscape. The landscape metrics were quantified using FRAGSTATS software.Results: The results showed that vegetation has a reducing effect on air pollution. A positive and significant correlation was observed between the amount of suspended particles and relative richness. Moreover, a significant negative correlation was observed between PM2.5 and (NDVI), which means that the amount of suspended particles decreased with increasing vegetation density. Conclusion: In general, by calculating the concentration of suspended particles in Isfahan, it was found that the southwest, south, and southeast are exposed to more suspended particles. The high density of green space landscaping leads to a reduction of particulate matter pollution. From the analysis of changes in suspended particles in the region, it was inferred that the more we move to areas with weaker vegetation, the higher the concentration of suspended particles.
Javad Momeni Damaneh; Fatemeh Joulaei; Hosein Alidadi; Roya Peiravi
Abstract
Background & objective: Groundwater is one of the exploitation important resources in arid and semi-arid areas. Therefore, the spatial and temporal distribution of groundwater quality is very important. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of spatial interpolation methods in order ...
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Background & objective: Groundwater is one of the exploitation important resources in arid and semi-arid areas. Therefore, the spatial and temporal distribution of groundwater quality is very important. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of spatial interpolation methods in order to predict the spatial distribution of some groundwater quality parameters such as TH, Ca, pH, Mg and SO4-2. Materials & Methods: in this study data related to 44 exploitation wells in Gonabad plain was used. Then, methods of IDW, SK, OK, UK, RBF, LPI and GPI were investigated. After normalizing the data, QQ plot was drawn. Then, in order to select, an appropriate model for fitting, mutual evaluation methods and estimation errors were used that consisted of MBE, RMSE, MARE and MAPE. Finally, the most appropriate interpolation method was chosen. Zoning maps of the water parameters were prepared by using geostatistical methods in GIS software. Results: Final zoning model showed, in the center, the west south, and the west of plain concentration of surveyed parameters have been lower than their mean. By moving from the north, the east north, and the east towards the center, the south, and the west south, the parameters concentrations were decreased. Conclusion: The results showed that kriging method is preferred to other geostatistical methods for zoning of the water quality parameters
Mahsa Moein; Soolmaz Shamsaei; Zahra Khebri
Abstract
Background and amain: The most important global environmental problem, especially in large cities, is air pollution. This is regarded as a serious threat to human, society and environment health. This paper aims to investigate the physical factors of stack affecting the concentrations of the pollutants ...
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Background and amain: The most important global environmental problem, especially in large cities, is air pollution. This is regarded as a serious threat to human, society and environment health. This paper aims to investigate the physical factors of stack affecting the concentrations of the pollutants through the AERMOD model. Materials and Methods: In this research, modeling was carried out for four factories Orchin, Khayyam, Noavaran and Meybod Tile Company during the first six months of 2015. The study area comprised 20 × 20 km2., being centered on the Khayyam factory. Meybod meteorological data were used in the form of a three-hour mean status to perform the sub-model of AERMET. A Digital Elevation Model (DEM; SRTM 50 m) was used to perform the sub-model of AERMAP. In order to conduct the statistical analyses, the SPSS software program (Version 22) was used. Results: The results of the statistical analyses showed that the abovementioned factories had significant differences in terms of dispersion of particles: The Noavaran Factory and Meybod Tile Company had the maximum and minimum concentrations respectively. Finally, the model was verified by measuring 23 points in different months with an environmental device. According to the obtained results, the correlation results, the results of the model, and the samples areas were confirmed with P-value=0.002. Conclusion: According to the results of Freidman ranking, the physical factors of the factories affecting the concentration of the particles in order of priority were the stack diameter, the exit rate of suspended particles, the exit speed of the particles, the height of the stack, the temperature of the stack, and the receiver’s height.