Samad Jalilian; Sima Sabzalipour; Ebrahim Rajabzadeh Ghatrami; Amir Hossain Mazarei
Abstract
Background and Purpose: BTEX compounds cause adverse effects on thehealth of employees in various industries, including the oil industry. This studywas conducted with the aim of measuring these compounds and their effecton serum lipid parameters of Abadan oil refinery workers.Materials and Methods: In ...
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Background and Purpose: BTEX compounds cause adverse effects on thehealth of employees in various industries, including the oil industry. This studywas conducted with the aim of measuring these compounds and their effecton serum lipid parameters of Abadan oil refinery workers.Materials and Methods: In this study, 80 workers (40 exposed peoplefrom operational units and 40 non-exposed people from administrativedepartments) were investigated. Sampling and measurement of employees’respiratory area was done using individual sampling pump and measurementof lipid parameters of employees’ blood was done using commercial kits ofPars Azmoun company.Results: The obtained results showed that the average concentration oftoluene, ethylbenzene and xylene compounds in the respiratory area ofthe exposed employees was lower than the standard limit, but the averageconcentration of benzene compound was higher than the recommendedstandard limit. The results obtained from the comparison of blood serum lipidparameters showed that there is no significant difference between the twogroups of exposed and non-exposed employees. The results of Spearman’stest did not find any significant relationship between these parameters anddemographic characteristics in the two groups. However, Pearson’s statisticaltest showed that there is a significant relationship between some blood serumlipid parameters in two groups, and in both groups of employees, the averageblood plasma lipid parameter was higher than the normal range.Conclusion: The results showed that the concentration of benzene compoundis higher than the permissible limit of the standards and the effect ofbenzene on employees should be prevented with adequate engineering andmanagement controls and periodic inspection.
Adele Abdi; Ozeair Abessi; Ehsan Khavasi
Abstract
Background and Purpose: More than 90% of people’s lives are spent indoorsand indoor air pollution is the cause of more than 2.2 million deaths annuallyworldwide. Contrary to popular belief, the dangers of pollutants in enclosedspaces are greater than in open environments. In this study, the ability ...
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Background and Purpose: More than 90% of people’s lives are spent indoorsand indoor air pollution is the cause of more than 2.2 million deaths annuallyworldwide. Contrary to popular belief, the dangers of pollutants in enclosedspaces are greater than in open environments. In this study, the ability ofthe computer models to simulate flow behavior in the interior space of anindustrial workshop was investigated to may check the satisfaction of theenvironmental standardsMaterials and Methods: The flow pattern and flow mixing and dilution wereinvestigated by developing a specific solver in Open FOAM and comparing theresults with the experimental data.Results: Due to the initial buoyancy, the plume enters from the lower openingwith high concentration and after diluting in indoor space, goes out fromthe roof opening. It is then observed that while there are no openings, theconcentration of Carbon Monoxide in the breathing height of workers willreach the dangerous limit of (100 ppm <) in different models.Conclusion: In this study, the concentration of Carbon Monoxide in thebuilding’s interior space was estimated far higher than the maximum allowablecentration mentioned in the standards. Therefore, the high level of pollutionconcentration in indoor spaces indicates the inadequacy of natural ventilationand the need for mechanical ventilation to could decrease pollution down tothe breathing standard of ocupants.
Akram Ghorbani; Marjan Ziaee; Shabnam Hoshdar Tehrani; Mitra Mohammadi
Abstract
Background and Purpose: 80% of air pollution in urban areas comes fromheavy vehicles. The purpose of this study is to investigate the amount of CO2,CO, HC, NOX pollutants, types of diesel cars and their relationship with the lifeof the car.Materials and Methods: In this study, out of all diesel cars ...
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Background and Purpose: 80% of air pollution in urban areas comes fromheavy vehicles. The purpose of this study is to investigate the amount of CO2,CO, HC, NOX pollutants, types of diesel cars and their relationship with the lifeof the car.Materials and Methods: In this study, out of all diesel cars in Mashhad, whichis 5861 cars, 425 cars were randomly selected and after recording the year ofcar production, using OPTIMA7 NDIR five-gas pollutant device in bright enginemode (Engine operation). Sampling was performed continuously (except forthe first to the fourth of April) in the period of December 6, 2017 to May 9,2017 at nine to twelve and fifteen to twenty o’clock and Then, using SPSSsoftware and statistical tests. The relationship between these pollutants andvehicle life was investigated.Results: According to the amount of sig (p=0/531>0/05) between the life of thecar and carbon monoxide, the amount of sig (p=0/571>0/05) between the lifeof the car and the amount of hydrocarbon, the amount of sig (p=0/153>0/05)between the life of the car and carbon dioxide output and the amount ofp=0/290>0/05 (sig) there is no significant relationship between car life andnitrogen oxides.There is an inverse correlation between the car’s year of manufacture andCO2 and NOX pollutants, So that the higher the car’s year of manufacture,the lower the amount of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides. And there is apositive correlation between HC and CO pollutants.Conclusion: The significant level value (sig) between car life and all pollutantsis greater than 0.05, so there is no statistically significant relationship betweencar life and all exhaust gas pollution. Therefore, the amount of air pollution bydiesel cars should be reduced by taking correct management methods.
Nafiseh Sarabi Mohajer; Maryam Sarkhosh; Ali Asghar Najafpoor; Hossain Alidadi; Sima Baridkazemi
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Consumers often think that food is safe whenstored in refrigerators at 4°C. However, food can still spoil and causefoodborne illness, which is one of the most important health challenges.The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating bacterial andfungal contamination ...
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Background and Purpose: Consumers often think that food is safe whenstored in refrigerators at 4°C. However, food can still spoil and causefoodborne illness, which is one of the most important health challenges.The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating bacterial andfungal contamination in domestic refrigerators.Materials and Methods: In this study, 30 domestic refrigerators wereexamined. First, microbial plates including blood agar and Saburo were placedon the refrigerator shelves for one hour. Then the bacterial cultures wereincubated for 48 hours at 36°C and the fungal cultures were incubated for 5days at 28°C and the colonies were counted. Finally, in order to check the levelof contamination of the refrigerator surfaces, treated samples were preparedfrom the surface of the refrigerator shelves using moist sterile swabs.Results: Based on the results, 100% bacterial contamination and 58% fungalcontamination were observed in the air of household refrigerators, and theamount of bacterial and fungal contamination on the surface of domesticrefrigerators was 4.7-8.9 and 3.6-7.2 (log CFU/cm2) respectivelyConclusion: As seen in this study, bacteria enter food through unwashedhands, raw foods, leaking packaging, unwashed shelves, refrigerator surfaces,and long-term storage of food in the refrigerator. Therefore, if refrigeratorsare not maintained properly, they become a place for the growth ofmicroorganisms and directly and indirectly contaminate the refrigerator andfood and make people sick
Mana Abazari; Habib Allah Tayebi; Khadijeh Aghajani
Abstract
Background and Purpose: the investigation of the adsorption of pollutantsfrom aquatic environments with the least number of experiments, is one ofthe concerns of researchers. In the present study, the aim is to model theadsorption process of acid dye 62 by a metal-organic framework containingaluminum ...
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Background and Purpose: the investigation of the adsorption of pollutantsfrom aquatic environments with the least number of experiments, is one ofthe concerns of researchers. In the present study, the aim is to model theadsorption process of acid dye 62 by a metal-organic framework containingaluminum (MIL-53(Al)-NH2).Materials and Methods: In this study, MIL-53(Al)-NH2 was synthesized fromthe raw material of 2-amino terephthalic acid and aluminum nitrate. Afterexamining the effective parameters on dye adsorption, artificial neuralnetwork (ANN), multiple linear regression (MLR) and multiple nonlinearregression (MNLR) have been used to predict the amount of dye adsorption.Results: The results of XRD, FE-SEM and FTIR analyzes indicated theappropriate synthesis of MIL-53(Al)-NH2. The optimal conditions are: pH=2,time 60 minutes, adsorbent dosage 0.02g and temperature 25°C. Accordingto the results, in the comparison between the three used methods, the neuralnetwork model has the highest prediction accuracy. The output of this modelhas the lowest root mean square error (RMSE) and the highest correlationcoefficient (CC) with true data in comparison with multiple linear and nonlinearregression models.Conclusion: According to the results, it can be seen that the MIL-53(Al)-NH2is an efficient compound and in addition, due to the high efficiency of theartificial neural network model, this model can be used to ensure the resultsof dye removal and reduce costs by reducing the number of experiments.
Nastaran Aghelan; Soheil Sobhan Ardakani; Mehrdad Cheraghi; Bahareh Lorestani
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Phytoremediation is a new technology forremediation of contaminated soils, this study was conducted to evaluationof efficiency of EDTA, citric acid and salicylic acid chelating agents inphytoremediation enhancing of Amaranthus caudatus and Tagetes patula forelimination of Cr(III) ...
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Background and Purpose: Phytoremediation is a new technology forremediation of contaminated soils, this study was conducted to evaluationof efficiency of EDTA, citric acid and salicylic acid chelating agents inphytoremediation enhancing of Amaranthus caudatus and Tagetes patula forelimination of Cr(III) and Cu(II) from contaminated soils in 2018.Material and Methods: After soil pots contaminating by 50 and 100 (mg/kg)K2Cr2O7 and 200 and 400 (mg/kg) CuSO4 salts, and 2.5 (mmol/kg) of EDTAand citric acid (CA) and 2.0 (mmol/kg) of salicylic acid (SA) solution treating,the cultured seedlings were harvested after 60 days. Then, after seedlingsdigestion, Cr and Cu contents were determined using ICP-OESResults: Based on the results obtained, the maximum contents of Cr (mg/kg) in cultivated soil, root and stem samples of A. caudatus were 2.40, 5.18and 1.86 were found in the SA, EDTA and EDTA treatments, respectively andin T. patula with 2.74, 6.00 and 1.30 were found to be in the SA, EDTA andEDTA treatments, respectively. Also, the maximum contents of Cu (mg/kg)in cultivated soil, root and stem samples of A. caudatus with 6.74, 3.77 and3.34 were found to be in the SA, SA and EDTA treatments, respectively andin T. patula with 6.65, 3.45 and 9.50 were found to be in the SA, EDTA andEDTA treatments, respectively. On the other hand, translocation (TF) andbioconcentration (BCF) factors of A. caudatus both were greater than 1 insoils with 100 mg/kg added K2Cr2O7 containing CA, which indicates that thisspecies can be known as hyperaccumulator of CrConclusion: In conclusion, concerning to the considerable role of organic acidsin soil refining electrokinetic and phytoremediation efficiency enhancing,using of these soil amendment agents is recommended to cleanup ofcontaminated soil with heavy metals
Behnam Pardakti; Hossein Pirkharrati; Farrokh Asad Zadeh
Abstract
Background and Purpose: In this study, heavy metals in the soil around theZanjan city, by using indicators of pollution, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenicrisk and determining the origin by using statistical methods.Materials and Methods: In this study, 30 soil samples were taken from a depthof 0-20 cm ...
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Background and Purpose: In this study, heavy metals in the soil around theZanjan city, by using indicators of pollution, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenicrisk and determining the origin by using statistical methods.Materials and Methods: In this study, 30 soil samples were taken from a depthof 0-20 cm and analyzed based on the method of acid digestion by inductioncoupled plasma spectroscopy.Results: The enrichment factor for zinc and cadmium was in the extremeenrichment category with an average of 42.1 and 34.5, respectively, and theland accumulation index for cadmium was in the high pollution category withan average of 2.8. Spatial changes of the index of pollution load and modifieddegree of pollution showed that the intensity of pollution increased nearthe industrial centers and the linear regression between the ecological riskand the median coefficient of the medium effect range (R2=0.903) showedthat 76% of the samples They are in the possibility of toxicity. Cadmium hadthe highest risk in children and adults with an average non-carcinogenic riskindex of 2 and 0.5, especially exposed to skin absorption with an average of0.5. It shows the risk of more cancer diseases. The result of determining theorigin and contribution of heavy metals with the help of statistical evaluationsshowed that lead, zinc and cadmium are the result of human activities andchromium, copper and arsenic are the result of the combination of human andearth-born activities. have gathered in the areaConclusion: In order to reduce the negative environmental effects of heavymetals in the soil of the study area, measures such as reducing the entry ofpollutants into the soil and refining polluted Soil.
Abolfazl Naimabadi; Safora Javan; Naghmeh Amin Alslami; Hadi Fazel; Naerh Amini Sani
Abstract
Background and Purpose: COVID-19 can be transmitted directly throughrespiratory droplets or indirectly through devices that transmit infection.SARS-CoV 2 has been identified on various environmental levels in hospitalsand communities.Material and Methods: Sampling was done according to the instructions ...
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Background and Purpose: COVID-19 can be transmitted directly throughrespiratory droplets or indirectly through devices that transmit infection.SARS-CoV 2 has been identified on various environmental levels in hospitalsand communities.Material and Methods: Sampling was done according to the instructions ofthe World Health Organization; environmental samples were taken using aswab with an artificial tip and a plastic shaft. In this study, sampling was doneduring the busy hours of the hospital and the total numbers of samples 48samples were collected and finally the samples were analyzed by polymerasechain reaction-reverse transcription (RT-PCR) method.Results: The results showed that within 36 samples of the hospital, 8 sampleswere positive and in 10 samples of the comprehensive laboratory, two positivesamples were reported. Due to the abnormality of the data, the Kruskal-Wallistest was used to compare datasets of different levels such as (plastic, metal,wood, glass, fibers and living body). According to the results, no significantrelationship was observed between levels with different genders and thedegree of positive tests (P value = 0.341)Conclusion: Contaminated airborne droplets can be displaced by air currentsand deposited on surfaces. Due to the type of surfaces and higher durabilityof these viruses on these surfaces, the need for regular and daily disinfectionbefore and after shifts, and in case of exposure to virus infection, must bedisinfected with appropriate antiviral compounds with the surface. Nocontamination has been observed on other surfaces such as fabrics and fibers,but due to the spread of this virus, necessary precautions should be taken.