Journal of Research in Environmental Health

Journal of Research in Environmental Health

Evaluation of the concentration and time of exposure to the cigarette smoke particles in a car by different ventilation conditions

Document Type : Research article

Authors
Shahrokh Nazmara 1
fatemeh eslami 2
mehdi salari 3
Alireza beheshti 4
Mohsen Yazdani avval 5
1 PhD, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health,Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,Iran.
2 MSc, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health,Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,Iran.
3 PhD, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran.
4 MSc, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
5 PhD, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran.
10.22038/jreh.2017.21297.1122
Abstract
Background & objective: People commonly spend, on average, 5-6% of their time in a day in enclosed vehicles. Smoking in vehicles with little volume can result in potential harmful effects on children and other passengers. This study aimed to evaluate the concentrations of suspended particles produced from smoking and the exposer time of passengers to the produced smoke.
Materials & Methods: This cross–sectional study was performed in Tehran, 2014. The exposure to cigarette smoke was measured using Grimm11-A device that had 16 entrances with different sizes from 0.3 to 20 µm. The studied vehicle was Pejo 405 , andwindows condition were as following: 1 back window open, 2 back windows open, 1 front window open, 2 front windows open, 2 front and 1 back windows open, 4 windows open and 4 windows close. SPSS 16 software was used to make statistical analysis ( one-way ANOVA (p<0/05)).
Results: Numerical concentrations of particles in small size row (PM2.5) were several LOGs higher than larger sizes row. In addition, it was observed that exposure time to particles in small size row had significant difference with large size row. The maximum exposure concentrations with a p-value<0.05, and the maximum exposure time with a p-valueConclusion: According to the gained results, the largest portion of cigarette smoke particles in vehicles belonged to the PM2.5. Different conditions of windows in their opened and closed states can be effective on ventilation. So that the more numbers of windows are opened the  greater ventilation will occure. Generally, because of the limit  space of vehicles and high exposure concentrations, the enactment of cigarette smoking prohibition legislation seems to be necessary.
Keywords
Suspended Particles
Cigarette
Vehicles
Tehran
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Journal of Research in Environmental Health
Volume 2, Issue 4 - Serial Number 8
Winter 2017
Pages 267-275