Authors
- Mahdi Sadeghi 1
- Bay Abotaleb 2
- Naser Bay 3
- Nafiseh Soflaie 4
- Mohammad Hadi Mehdinejad 5
- Morteza Mallah 6
1 Assistant professor of Environmental Health Engineering, Cereal Research Center, School of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
2 MSc of Environmental Engineering, Environmental Health Research Center, School of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
3 Assistant professor of climatology, Department of Applied Scientific,Educational Center of Red Crescent Golestan province, Gorgan, Iran.
4 MSc of Natural Resources Engineering, Fisheries and Environment, Department of the Marine Environment, Environmental Protection of Golestan Province, Gorgan, Iran.
5 Associated professor of Environmental Health Engineering, Environmental Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
6 MSc of Chemistry, Environmental Protection of Golestan Province, Gorgan, Iran
Abstract
Background & Objective: water, urban, industrial and agricultural centers are usually held near rivers. Surface water sources over other sources of water pollution are more at risk. The goal of this study was to evaluate the quality of the Zaringol River and the impact of agricultural drainage water was designed and implemented.
Materials & Methods: In regard to agricultural activity around the Zaringol river stations studied and the samples from agricultural drainage water and streams in summer and autumn period specified were taken. NSF WQI index parameters including 9 parameter dissolved oxygen, fecal coliform, pH, BOD, temperature, phosphate, nitrate, turbidity, total dissolved solids, which were measured by using standard methods.
Results: The results from the study showed that the index based on NSF WQI for all stations were between 54 to 61. Agricultural water drainage WQI index is between 45-37 that according to the index is poor quality.
Conclusion: According to the NSF WQI index indicated that water quality in the river is moderate. But agricultural drainage water quality is bad and affects the quality of river water. Due to the relatively high levels of water quality in the middle class of nutrients, especially nitrates, coliform presence of E.coli that drainage water from agricultural and recreational activities in the upstream station is monitored.
Keywords
- Ehteshami M, Biglarijoo N, Salari M. Assessment and Quality Classification of Water in Karun, Dez and Karkheh Rivers. Journal of River Engineering. 2014; 2(8):23-30.
- Hossaini P, Eldoderomi AR, Hossaini AR. Survey of water quality in Karun by NSFWQI. Human and Environment. 2013; 11(2): 1-11.[Persian]
- Dehghanzadeh R, Aslani H, Afshar forugh Shams B, Ghoraishi B. Giving Alternatives for Improvement of Qualitative Features of Mehran River in Tabriz for Reuse. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment. 2010; 3 (2) :227-238.[Persian]
- Ho KC, Chow YL, Yau JTS. Chemical and microbiological qualities of The East River (Dongjiang) water, with particular reference to drinking water supply in Hong Kong. Chemosphere. 2003;52(9):1441-50.
- Sabahi H, Faizi M, Viesi H, Asilan KS. Study of the Influence of Agricultural Activities on Water Quality of Sikan River. Environmental Sciences. 2010; 7(4):23-30.[Persian]
- Singh KP, Malik A, Mohan D, Sinha S. Multivariate statistical techniques for the evaluation of spatial and temporal variations in water quality of Gomti River (India): a case study. Water Research. 2004; 38: 3980-3992.
- Goljan F, Karbasi A, Hajizade Z, Bidhendi N. Determination of water quality class in Noor river. Journal of water sciences research. 2009 ; 1(1): 35-48.[Persian]
- Massoud M, Scrimshaw MD, Lester JN. Qualitative assessment of the effectiveness of the Mediterranean Action Plan: wastewater management in the Mediterranean region. Ocean & Coastal Management. 2003; 46: 875–899.
- Mirmoshtaghi M, Amirnezhad R, Khaledian MR. Survey of water quality in Sefidrood by NSFWQI and OWQI Index. Talab. 2013; 3(9): 23-34.[Persian]
- Simoes, F., Moreira, A., Bisinoti, MC., Gimenez, S.and Santos, M., 2008. Water quality index as a simple indicator of aquaculture effects on aquatic bodies. Ecological Indicators 38: 476‐480.
11-Samantray P, Mishra BK, Panda CR, Rout SP. Assessment of Water Quality Index in Mahanadi and Atharabanki Rivers and Taldanda Canal in Paradip Area, India. Journal of Human Ecology. 2009;26(3):153-61.
12-Shokoohi R, Hoseinzadeh E, Alipour M, Hoseinzadeh S. Evaluation Aydughmush River Quality Parameters Changes and Wilcox index calculation. Rasayan Journal of Chemistry. 2011;4(3):673-80.
13-Mirzaie M, Nazari AR, Yari A. Quality zoning of Jajrood River. Journal of Environmental Studies. 2006; 31(37):17- 26.[Persian]
14. Porzamani HR, Kargar M, Mahmodian MH. Enviriomental Health Book. Esfalan: Daneshpajohane barin; 2013. [Persian]
15- Chapman DV. Water Quality Assessments: A guide to the use of biota, sediments and water in environmental monitoring. Second Edition. New York: Taylor and Francis; 1996.
16. APHA, AWWA, WPCF, Standard Methods For Examination of Water And Waste Water. 21 th Ed. Washington: American Public Health Association; 2005.
17-Teraoka H, Ogava, M. Behavior of element in the Takahashi, Japan river basin. Journal of Environmental Quality. 1984; 13(3): 453-459.
18- Miller WW, Guitjens JC, Mahannah CN. Water quality of irrigation and surface teturn flows from flood-irrigated pasture and alfalfa hay. Journal of Environmental Quality. 1984; 13(4): 543-548.
19. Javid A, Mirbagheri S, Karimian A. Assessing Dez Dam reservoir water quality by application of WQI and TSI indices Iranian Journal of Health and Environment. 2014; 7 (2) :133-142. .[Persian]
)