Mojtaba G.Mahmoodlu; Tara Sotoudehnia
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Groundwater serves as the primary drinking water source in Golestan Province. Therefore, this study aims to assess the non-cancerous health risks associated with nitrate and fluoride in the province's drinking water sources. Materials and Methods: Physicochemical data from ...
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Background and Purpose: Groundwater serves as the primary drinking water source in Golestan Province. Therefore, this study aims to assess the non-cancerous health risks associated with nitrate and fluoride in the province's drinking water sources. Materials and Methods: Physicochemical data from 139 drinking water wells were obtained from the Golestan Province Water and Wastewater Company during the spring and autumn. Significant ion variations were analyzed, and factors influencing the chemistry of drinking water sources in Golestan Province were investigated. Non-carcinogenic health risks posed by nitrate and fluoride were assessed using two indicators provided by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Results: The maximum nitrate concentration in certain Golestan Province cities exceeds the Iranian drinking water standards (1053) and the World Health Organization's limits. However, fluoride levels in most cities fall below the range stipulated by domestic and international standards. The nitrate risk factor for children in select cities exceeds one, while it remains below one for other age groups. Notably, Khan Bebin City exhibits the lowest nitrate risk factor among the province's cities. Additionally, risk factor values show a slight increase during the autumn season. Non-cancerous health risk assessments for fluoride in drinking water sources across Golestan Province during spring and autumn indicate risk values below one for all age groups, including infants, children, teenagers, and adults. Conclusion: The health risk assessments for nitrates and fluorides indicate that children in certain cities face a higher risk from nitrates than adults. Moreover, the low fluoride levels in the province's drinking water sources increase the likelihood of tooth decay.
Fatemeh Sahraei; Ali Shojaei; Zahra Aghababaei; Zahra Hashemi; Mohammad javad Shokoohizadeh; Mahdi Khodabakhshi; Samira Khamutian
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Drinking water the primary source of fluoride essential for bodily requirements. Its appropriate concentration health as a preventive measure against caries. Consequently, this study aims to ascertain the spatiotemporal variations in fluoride concentration within the drinking ...
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Background and Purpose: Drinking water the primary source of fluoride essential for bodily requirements. Its appropriate concentration health as a preventive measure against caries. Consequently, this study aims to ascertain the spatiotemporal variations in fluoride concentration within the drinking water of Hamadan province through the utilization of a Geographic Information System (GIS).Materials and Methods: The present research is a descriptive-analytical investigation conducted across nine cities within Hamadan province in 2019.Data about the fluoride on concentrations in the drinking water of Hamadan province were obtained from the Health Vice-Chancellor of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. ArcGIS version 10/.8 software was employed to elucidate the spatial and temporal fluctuations in fluoride ion concentration, while SPSS version 16 software was utilized for data. analysis. A significance level of 0.05 was considered across all tests.Results: The study findings revealed that the highest annual fluoride concentration was observed in Kabudarahang city (0.98 ± 0.38 mg/l), whereas the lowest annual average was recorded in Tuyserkan city (0.58 ± 0.35 mg/l). Overall, the mean fluoride concentration in the latter half of the year (0.77 ± 0.42 mg/liter) was slightly higher than in the first half of the year (0.71 ± 0.43 mg/liter). Nevertheless, this discrepancy did not reach statistical significance (p>0.05). Conclusion: The outcomes of this investigation demonstrate that, on the whole, the average fluoride concentration throughout all regions of Hamadan province falls within the optimal range thereby averting potential risks associated with excessive or substandard fluoride levels for consumers.
Mojtaba G.Mahmoodlu; Mostafa Raghimi; Maryam Ramezani Mojaveri
Abstract
Background and purpose: Fluoride is one of the important ions in drinking water, which in low or high concentrations causes some problems related to human health, such as tooth decay, dental fluorosis, or skeletal fluorosis. Present study was carried out to investigate the fluoride concentration as well ...
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Background and purpose: Fluoride is one of the important ions in drinking water, which in low or high concentrations causes some problems related to human health, such as tooth decay, dental fluorosis, or skeletal fluorosis. Present study was carried out to investigate the fluoride concentration as well as the effective factors in the fluoride distribution in drinking water supply sources of Golestan province.Materials and Methods: For this purpose, Golestan province was divided into four regions according to the distribution of loess. Next, groundwater samples from these areas were collected and chemical parameters of TDS, HCO3-, Cl-, SO42-, NO3-, NO2-, F-, PO42-, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+ and Fe2+analyzed. After hydrogeochemical and statistical assessment, the relationship between fluoride and loess deposits and some physicochemical parameters were investigated.Results: Results of four regions showed that the fluoride amount is directly related to the loess deposits spread, so that in region 1 including Maraveh Tappeh, Kalaleh, and Gonbad there is the most spread of loess deposits, the fluoride amount is more than other areas. Results revealed that high correlation of fluoride with some ions such as calcium, bicarbonate, iron, sodium, and phosphate. Also, there is a high correlation between electrical conductivity as a salinity parameter and fluoride concentration in groundwater. So, an increase in salinity, the fluoride amount in the province's water resources has increased significantly. Water-rock reaction is the main factor controlling the groundwater chemistry and as a result, most possible factor for the fluoride leaching into groundwater.Conclusion: Chemical cement of loess along with some clay minerals is the main source of fluoride in groundwater sources in region 1 with the most spread of loess deposits. Saline water of the lower layers and their intrusion into the fresh water aquifer can be considered as the fluoride second source in Gorgan Plain.
Mina Mortazavi; Taher Shahryari; Farzaneh Fanaei; Behnam Barikbin
Abstract
Background and purpose: One of the fundamental factors of water quality management plan is being guaranteed the qualitative and quantitative stability of fresh water in water supply systems. Water safety plan is a systematic approach that guarantees the constant supply of drinking water emphasizing the ...
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Background and purpose: One of the fundamental factors of water quality management plan is being guaranteed the qualitative and quantitative stability of fresh water in water supply systems. Water safety plan is a systematic approach that guarantees the constant supply of drinking water emphasizing the prevention of water pollution from catchment to the consumer. Material and methods: WSP-QA TOOL is employed as an instruction in order to assess the safety circumstance and identify vulnerability of water supply system in Torbat Jam; so that the necessary information aligned with WSP approach was provided based on current evidence of water and waste water company and related organization and interviewing experts and then it was analyzed in Excel. Results: The results of this study showed that by obtaining 159 scores of the total score evaluated, only 36.14% of the accordance between the approach in Torbat Jam city water supply system and the approach proposed by the World Health Organization. Among this, the management procedures with 66.67% and the formation of the WSP team with the 10%, has dedicated the highest and lowest amount of the coincided implementation with the plan, respectively. Conclusion: Because of the inadequacy of the conventional water quality control approach, which instead of preventing contamination only detects it, has the potential to cause various contamination in the water supply system, especially through vulnerable system. Therefore, planning to implement and develop a water safety plan as a basic method for reaching the goal of water health.
Mohammad Reza Hosseini; Reza Foladifard
Abstract
Background and purpose: The safe and health drinking water is one of the vital factors of human life. The reason for this issue is the existence of various strict standards as WHO and EPA in the world and 1053 standard in Iran in the recent years. This study was implemented to evaluate the effect of ...
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Background and purpose: The safe and health drinking water is one of the vital factors of human life. The reason for this issue is the existence of various strict standards as WHO and EPA in the world and 1053 standard in Iran in the recent years. This study was implemented to evaluate the effect of seasonal changes (spring and autumn) on the physical and chemical properties of drinking water in Sefid-allah village of Qom province. Materials and methods: Measurement of physical and chemical indicators was carried out by the rural wastewater organization of Qom from the potable water sources of Sefid-allah village in two seasons spring and autumn 1390 and 1391. Analyze of parameters like pH, Turbidity, EC, Hardness, CL, NO3−, NO2− , PO34−, NH3, SO42−, F−, CO32−, HCO3−, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+ and Mn2+ was done according to the standard methods of drinking waters (1053 standard). Results: The mean of residual chlorine, Turbidity, pH, TDS, Total Hardness and Alkalinity reported 0 (mg/lit), 0.995 (NTU), 7.41, 1037.5 (mg/l), 478 (mg/l) and 288 (mg/l, respectively. The results showed that, in among Cations and Anions there are the following sequence was established: Na+> Ca2+> Mg2+> K+ and SO42− > HCO3− > CL− > NO3− > F− > PO34−> NO2− > NH3- HCO3−, respectively. The concentration of pH, HCO3− and Mn2+ were higher than the limited value of the standard. As such, only the concentration average of Turbidity, Ca2+, Na+ and K+ in spring were more than autumn. Conclusion:In conclusion, shift in seasons caused changes in some of the indicators under review. Finally, was found that the quality of drinking water of Sefid-allah village, by correcting some of the parameters, there is no problem for used to drinking water.
Maryam Ghiasi; Hassan Narollahzadeh Saravi; Mohammad Binaii; Mahmod ghanei tehrani
Abstract
Introduction: Being free from human health risk factors is considered as the most important parameter of drinking water sources.The aim of the present study was quantative evaluation and identification of fungi in water of Shahid Rajaeii dam lake, and assessment of its health quality as drinking water ...
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Introduction: Being free from human health risk factors is considered as the most important parameter of drinking water sources.The aim of the present study was quantative evaluation and identification of fungi in water of Shahid Rajaeii dam lake, and assessment of its health quality as drinking water source of Sari (Mazandaran province). Materials and Methods: In the present study, samples were taken from five stations in six stages from June to February 2012. Every sample was diluted by sterile saline (100 and 10-1) and was cultured on SD and incubated at 27-30°C for 3-5 days. Finally, the number of colonies was recorded as Colony Forming Unit (CFU) per 100 mL. Also, teamperature, BOD5 and COD were measured. Results: The results showed that the numbers of isolated fungal colonies were significantly highest and lowest in August and February respectively. Moreover, the number of fungal colonies in the dam crown station was significantly higher than other stations. The correlation coefficient between the number of isolated colonies and the temperature, BOD5 and COD were 0.87, 0.60 and 0.66 respectively. The frequency of identified fungi were Aspergillus species (31.4%), various types of yeast (mainly Candida) (24.2%), Penicillium sp. (19.3%), Cladosporium sp.(10.3%), Mucor sp. (5.4%), Fusarium sp. (2.9%), sterile hype (2.8%), Alternaria sp. (2.3%) and Paecilomyces sp. (1.4%). Summery: The results showed the highest correlation coefficient between the counts of fungi and the changes in temperature, BOD5 and COD correspondingly. These factors play an important role in the fungal colonies counts. Moreover, the most fungal isolates were pathogenic, toxigenic and hazard to public health.
Majid Mirzabeygi; Abbas Abbasnia; Mojtaba sajadi; Javad Salimi; Mojtaba sajadi; Esmail harasi; Amir Hossein Mahvi
Abstract
Background & Objective: Having an access to safe drinking water, which is considered as one of the health indicators by World Health Organization (WHO), has great importance for relevant authorities of different communities. Thus this study aimed to determine amounts of heavy metals and compare them ...
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Background & Objective: Having an access to safe drinking water, which is considered as one of the health indicators by World Health Organization (WHO), has great importance for relevant authorities of different communities. Thus this study aimed to determine amounts of heavy metals and compare them with national and international standards. Materials & Methods: In this cross sectional study, drinking water samples were taken from 41 main drinking water supplies in villages of Torbat-e Heydariyeh city according to the standard method and transferred to the laboratory. These samples were analyzed by mean of atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AA240FS).Finally, obtained data were analyzed using Arc-GIS (v. 10.3) and excel (v.2010) softwares. Results: The attained results revealed that the mean concentrations of metals including Cadmium, lead and Chromium were (0.59±0.17), (1.8±1.7) and (33.5±33.4) mg/l, respectively, in drinking water wells of rural regions of Torbat-e Heydariyeh . These amounts were in optimal ranges. While chromium concentrations were more than recommended permissible levels of WHO and national standards in 11 villages. Conclusion: The mean concentrations of measured metals were lower than the recommended permissible levels by WHO in more cases of considered wells in villages of Torbat-e Heydarieh=. However, forregions in which the concentrations of heavy metals do not meet the standards, a comprehensive study is recommended to determine the heavy metal-related diseases in dry and wet seasons.
Majid Mirzabeygi; amirhossein Mahvi; Mozhgan Naji; Abbas Abbasnia
Abstract
Background & Objective:One of the most complicated and costly problems associated with drinking water providing, is called as corrosion. Corrosion processes can cause pitting problems, reducing lifetime of water utilities and loss of water which can lead to high cost. Therefore the aim of this study ...
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Background & Objective:One of the most complicated and costly problems associated with drinking water providing, is called as corrosion. Corrosion processes can cause pitting problems, reducing lifetime of water utilities and loss of water which can lead to high cost. Therefore the aim of this study is to determine the corrosion and scaling indices of rural drinking water resources of Khorasan Razavi. Material & Methods:In this cross sectional study to evaluate water quality characteristics in the Khorasan Razavi resources, 879 samples were taken during 2013 were analyzed based on standard manual method book. Five indices including Langlier, Ryznar, Puckorius, Larson-Skold and Aggressiveness Index were programed in Excel software then scaling potential and corrosiveness of rural water of Khorasan razavi was studied. Results: The results indicated that values of Langlier equals 0.33 ±0.14, Ryznar equals 7.36 ±0.37,Puckorius equals 7.4 ±0.6, Larson Ratio is equal to 2.1±1.4 and Aggressiveness Index equals 12.03 ±0.18. Conclusions: In comparison of five stability indices, it was found that drinking water in the study area is corrosive. Thus essential actions for reducing corrosion and corrosion by-products, health and economic loss are required.