Seyed Saeed Keykhosravi; Farhad Nejadkoorki; Mahmood Amintoosi
Abstract
Background and Objective: Dust modeling can be considered as an appropriate tool for predicting future industrial dust and identifying pollutant emission control strategies. Perceptron (MLP) and radial base (RBF) neural networks were used as a means for predicting the outflow dust from the main cogeneration ...
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Background and Objective: Dust modeling can be considered as an appropriate tool for predicting future industrial dust and identifying pollutant emission control strategies. Perceptron (MLP) and radial base (RBF) neural networks were used as a means for predicting the outflow dust from the main cogeneration of Sabzevar cement factory located in Khorasan Razavi Province. Method: the concentration of dust from the main cement chimney in the study area was measured through field measurements. Then, the parameters of the production line (temperature, speed of gas output, voltage, fuel, raw materials, and time of sampling) were used as input data to the nerve networks to predict the concentration of dust. The values obtained from the implementation of the models were compared with the results of field measurements as a superior model selection. Results: The analysis of figures and statistical parameters showed that the mean squared errors for the two MLP and RBF models were as much as 1.787 and 21.263, respectively, and the correlation coefficients were as much as 0.99693 and 0.95811, respectively, which indicates a lower error and greater correlation between the MLP and RBF model in predicting the concentration of dust. Conclusion: Because of the high ability of perceptron nervous networks to predict dust concentration, this model can be a convenient and fast solution to predict the amount of dust in the industry.
Reza Mazaheri Jajaie
Abstract
Population growth and the increase in urban migration in the past decades have led to an increase in population density and size of major cities. Unfortunately, this kind of pollution has mostly gone under-noticed. The purpose of this research was to model the correlation between noise pollution level ...
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Population growth and the increase in urban migration in the past decades have led to an increase in population density and size of major cities. Unfortunately, this kind of pollution has mostly gone under-noticed. The purpose of this research was to model the correlation between noise pollution level and landscape metrics of urban structures and vegetation. To do so, 67 stations were selected in different parts of Isfahan and noise parameters were measured at peak traffic hours (16 to 19) during the fall season. Sampling stations were located through a systematic-random method based on the amount of construction, green spaces and structural diversity. There were 27 types of landscapes and three stations were randomly selected in each. In most stations, the noise level was above the permitted level(Residential 45-55, Residential-Commercial 50-60). The advanced regression method of random forest was used for the analysis. Through this method, the most effective metrics identified in different buffers were IJI index, FRAC_MN index, CLUMPY index, CONTIG_MN index, SHAPE_MN index, ENN_MN index. Also, checking of the first six metrics in each of the buffers and land uses showed the importance of the metrics is different. Identification of important metrics in each buffer and land use helps better design urban blocks and their arrangement.
Reza Kheiri Soltan Ahmadi; Habib Nazarnejad; Farrokh Asadzadeh
Abstract
Background and Aim: River sediments are one of the most important environmental indicators to determine the level of pollution in ecosystems. The purpose of this study is to investigate the quality of Mahabad river sediments in West Azerbaijan province.Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 15 samples ...
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Background and Aim: River sediments are one of the most important environmental indicators to determine the level of pollution in ecosystems. The purpose of this study is to investigate the quality of Mahabad river sediments in West Azerbaijan province.Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 15 samples of surface sediments (from 0-20 cm depth) of the river were collected. Physical and chemical properties of sediments including: texture, organic matter, Total neutralizing Value, electrical conductivity, pH, and total amount of heavy metals was measured. Correlation between physical and chemical properties of sediments with heavy metals was performed using Pearson correlation test in SPSS software.Results: Mean total concentrations of heavy metals including arsenic, nickel, zinc, cadmium, lead, cobalt, chromium and copper, were respectively 13.29, 63.40, 60.53, 0.47, 0.39, 18.40, 44.47 and 25.93 mg / kg. Arsenic, nickel and cadmium had higher levels of standard concentrations of heavy metals in sediments. According to the results of Pearson correlation coefficient, cation exchange capacity, organic matter, clay and silt have the most significant positive correlation with the distribution of heavy metals. On the other hand, except for copper, chromium and cobalt, all other elements show a significant positive correlation of 99%. The results showed that all the elements have the same origin.Conclusion: According to the separation of upstream and downstream samples, it can be said that the concentration of elements in the upstream was due to natural factors, and downstream, heavy metal pollution has increased with increasing human activity.
Seyed Mostafa Tabatabaei; Ali Shahidi
Abstract
Abstract
Background & objeftive: In the Rafsanjan region of Kerman province, some sites have been considered for landfill construction. Since groundwater resources are the only source of water supply to provide water requirements in this region, the leachate leakage from landfills into groundwater ...
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Abstract
Background & objeftive: In the Rafsanjan region of Kerman province, some sites have been considered for landfill construction. Since groundwater resources are the only source of water supply to provide water requirements in this region, the leachate leakage from landfills into groundwater resources is regarded as a serious threat. The aim of this research is to study the trend of changes in the contamination concentration obtained from leachate leakage in a hypothetical landfill based on the geological and hydrogeological conditions of Rafsanjan plain in order to represent the effect of leachate leakage and contamination spread on groundwater resources.
Methods and Materials: Transmission of contamination has been studied on the basis of changes in concentration at two initial and final points of landfill by MT3DMS model daily and for 22 years period. The concentration of leachates has been considered 2 and 4 g / l, and its diffusion rate has been assumed 1.5 and 3 cm per day.
Results: The slope of the concentration increase in the propagation process and delayed diffusion at the beginning of the landfill with 2 and 4 g/l concentration and 1.5 cm rate during 15 and 17 years have an increasing trend, respectively and later it would have a decreasing trend. At the end of landfill, 90% increase in contamination will occur for 2 g/l concentration in the first five years and 4 g/l concentration in the first 9 years and it will have a fixed trend over the next few years.
Conclusion: In the various transmission processes after the penetration of the infection into the aquifer, the concentration of contamination is initially low and increasing over time and if the concentration of the contamination penetrating source and penetrating intensity are constant, the maximum concentration of aquifer pollution is fixed at a certain value. The type of transmission process has a huge impact on this constant value. So that in the propagation-diffusion process, the average in the first 5 years of this value is fixed and in a delayed state, it reaches a constant value after close to 22 years.
Nasrin Abdollahi; Mohammad Hadi Dehghani; Kazem Nadafi; Fazlollah Changani; Amir Hossein Mahvi; Niaz Mahdi Esfahani
Abstract
Background and objective: Oil and grease causes damages for aquatic organisms, soil ecosystem, and mutagenic and carcinogenic for human. The aim of this research was to study the reduction of pollution of oil and grease of steel mill wastewater with Air Flotation system. Materials and Method: At first ...
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Background and objective: Oil and grease causes damages for aquatic organisms, soil ecosystem, and mutagenic and carcinogenic for human. The aim of this research was to study the reduction of pollution of oil and grease of steel mill wastewater with Air Flotation system. Materials and Method: At first phase of this examination the sampling performed of raw wastewater for determine amount of oil and grease, COD, TS, TDS, TSS, Turbidity and Alkalinity. The second phase flotation with dispersed air performed at pilot vessel and the second sampling performed for determinationof removal efficiency of oil and grease in 3 different concentration and 4 different retention time and measured for other parameters in best concentration and retention time. Results: The retention time were selected 30, 45, 60 and 90 min and concentrations were 591 mg/l, 386 mg/l and 277 mg/l. removal efficiency for parameters of oil and grease, COD, TS, TDS, TSS, Turbidity, Alkalinity, obtained %48, %46, %37, %36, %82, %89, %6. Conclusion: This study showed with increases of retention time from 30minute to 90minute removal efficiency for all of parameters gently increased but between 60 and 90 minute retention time removal efficiency was almost stable. Removal efficiency in high concentration of oil and grease(591mg/l) was more than removal efficiency in low concentration of oil and grease (277mg/l). Paper type: Research article
Ali Moghimi Kandlousy; Amin Mohebbi Tafreshi; Ghazaleh Mohebbi Tafreshi
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background & objective: The lack of suitable landfill for storage and disposal of solid wastes in different parts of Guilan has been not only led to deforestation and agricultural lands destruction, but also jeopardized public health. The Langroud County as a tourist destination ...
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ABSTRACT
Background & objective: The lack of suitable landfill for storage and disposal of solid wastes in different parts of Guilan has been not only led to deforestation and agricultural lands destruction, but also jeopardized public health. The Langroud County as a tourist destination of Guilan province is also affected by solid wastes. Therefore, the present study aims to locate the new appropriate area for municipal sanitary landfill, taking into account environmental standards in Langroud County.
Materials & Methods: In this research, 20 criteria were used in accordance with the standards of the Iranian Environmental Protection Agency, the Alberta State Environmental Authority of Canada, the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency and the British Columbia Environmental Ministry as criteria for locating. TOPSIS method was used in combining the criteria maps in ArcGIS software environment.
Results: After passing TOPSIS and combining the layers obtained in the ArcGIS software environment, the final map of urban landfill location within the study area was classified into five classes (very weak, weak, moderate, good and excellent).
Conclusion: Based on the results, five prestigious areas in the south and southwest of the city with the highest degree of fit and excellent grade were proposed as new areas of urban solid waste disposal for the city of Langroud.
Mehdi Komasi; Behrang Beiranvand
Abstract
Abstract Background and Aim: Major Dam construction projects have increased due to widespread climate change, as a result of increased drought, human population growth and, consequently, increased global demand for energy and water. However, without comprehensive research, a large project such as a dam ...
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Abstract Background and Aim: Major Dam construction projects have increased due to widespread climate change, as a result of increased drought, human population growth and, consequently, increased global demand for energy and water. However, without comprehensive research, a large project such as a dam will have many irreversible and unpredictable effects on the environment. In this paper, the environmental impacts of Eyvashan dam in two phases of construction and exploitation on biological, physical-chemical, economic-social, cultural and strategic environments have been identified and studied. Materials and Methods: In the study of the environmental impact assessment of the Eyvashan dam with regard to development and evolution, as well as the abundant use of matrices in construction projects, the modified Leopold matrix method and the rapid impact assessment matrix have been used. The field survey and questionnaire were used to evaluate the construction and operation activities on the environmental components. Results: The results showed that the most negative effects in both construction and utilization phases were in both Leopold modified matrix and the rapid impact assessment matrix related to the physical-chemical environment and the most positive effects of the socio-economic environment for both phases. Conclusion: By comparing the many positive effects of construction and exploitation of the dam in terms of socio-economic status, the construction of the dam can be considered as an appropriate alternative to the physical-chemical negative effects. Also, in the results of both matrices, there was a very suitable adaptation matrix that can confirm the accuracy of the results in the environmental assessment of the Eyvashan dam in two stages of construction and operation.
abbas Khodabakhshi; Mohammad Rasoul Asadi Amirabadi; Morteza Sedehi; Kobra Shakeri
Abstract
Introduction: With the development of society and people's lifestyle changes/ the use of disposable containers has become inevitable. The use of these containers threatens public and personal health. At present/ Iran is among the 5 countries with the highest use of these containers in the world. ...
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Introduction: With the development of society and people's lifestyle changes/ the use of disposable containers has become inevitable. The use of these containers threatens public and personal health. At present/ Iran is among the 5 countries with the highest use of these containers in the world. This study is conducted to measure the concentrations of heavy metals including lead/ chromium and copper in disposable containers used in Shahrekord City. Method: For this purpose/ three disposable container samples including foam/ plant/ and plastic were provided from each company. The total number of collected samples was 72 samples were collected from three different companies.. The samples are extracted based on ISIRI standard and the concentrations of heavy metals were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. SPSS was used to statistically analyse the obtained data. Results: The mean concentrations of heavy metals in these containers for copper/ chromium and lead based on foam/ plant and plastic were (8.19/ 7.4/ 0.83- 4.5/ 6.04/ 3.33 and 3.73/ 7.09/ 0) based on the type of container glass/ food container and spoon (5.55/ 6.07/ 2.55- 5.26/ 7.48/ 2 and 4.32/ 6.75/ 0)/ and Iranian/ Ghaem and Kiyani in terms of brand (5.36/ 2.46/ 1.56- 5.68/ 10.76/ 1.68 and 4.35/ 7.1/ 1.12) per kg (mg / kg) of dry weight respectively. Conclusion: The comparison of the amount of metals in disposable containers showed that the average concentration of lead compared to the maximum recommended amount of lead (2 mg.kg) is within the standard limits. And the average concentration of chromium in disposable containers is higher than the maximum recommended amount (1 mg.kg). No certain standard is determined for copper.
Gholamreza Jahed; Fatemeh Amoozad Khalili; Azar Mohammadi; Nahideh Jalali
Abstract
Background & Objective: Incidence of food borne diseases which it is caused by microorganisms is considered as a main public health problem in various communities, and With regard to the fact that women are responsible for food cooking and they need to know comprehensive information about health ...
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Background & Objective: Incidence of food borne diseases which it is caused by microorganisms is considered as a main public health problem in various communities, and With regard to the fact that women are responsible for food cooking and they need to know comprehensive information about health and food safety. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the knowledge and attitude of housewives about food safety and health in Behshahr city. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional and descriptive – analytical study, knowledge and attitudes of 350 housewives, who had randomly been selected, were investigated about food safety and health in Behshahr city in 2012. In order to gather information, a questionnaire, which consists of two knowledge and attitude sections, was used. Questionnaires were completed by housewives. The obtained data was statistically analyzed by SPSS-18 software. Results: The obtained results showed that the mean and range of housewives knowledge scores were 6.16 and zero to 12, respectively. It can be mentioned that the awareness level of housewives was average regarding the mean knowledge score. Mean and range of attitude scores were 33.12 and 10 to 40, correspondingly. Also, there was a significant relationship among education level and levels of knowledge and attitude (p< 0.05); however, it was not found a non-significant relationship was observed among age and levels of knowledge and attitudes (p> 0.05). Conclusions: About food safety and health, the levels of knowledge and attitudes of housewives were moderate in Behshahr city. So, it is necessary to try to raise the knowledge, and also change the attitudes of housewives in Behshahr City.
Sajedeh Ashineh Gar; Mohamad Reza Salehi Salmi; Mohamad Hosein Daneshvar; Saman Abdanan Mehdizadeh
Abstract
Abstract Background and Aim: Population growth and increased urban migration in the past decades have led to an increase in population density and size of major cities. Unfortunately, this kind of pollution has mostly gone unnoticed. To prevent these effects and achieve recommended standards, ...
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Abstract Background and Aim: Population growth and increased urban migration in the past decades have led to an increase in population density and size of major cities. Unfortunately, this kind of pollution has mostly gone unnoticed. To prevent these effects and achieve recommended standards, the use of plants as noise barriers in cities is mandatory. Trees offer a range of ecosystem services and remain important in providing human benefits. The aerodynamic effect of trees was identified as a major reason for the change of pollutant distribution in near-road parks, where trees can act as porous barriers and decrease noise pollution. Although not yet fully developed, planting strategies aiming to benefit from the negative effects of vegetation on noise pollution should be encouraged in future park design. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted to investigate the absorption of noise pollution by one of the plants in the landscape of Ahvaz, Dodonaea viscosa L., in Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan. The experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design with different distances between the sound source and the green wall (5, 10, and 15 m) and green wall width (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 0 m as control). After receiving the sound by the receiver, the data were transferred to MATLAB (2015) software. Then, the properties of the sound level were measured including minimum, maximum, elongation, skewness, mean, and variance. Results:The results showed that with increasing the distance from the sound source, the minimum sound intensity decreased and finally, the green wall with one-meter width at 15-meters distance had the minimum intensity (68.4 dB). It was also found that the maximum sound decreased with increasing distance of the sound source from the green wall so that the maximum was related to the distance of 5 meters (91.6 dB) and the lowest was related to the distance of 15 meters (76.3 dB). Also, the analysis of the data showed that in the control and other thicknesses of the green wall, the average sound intensity decreased with increasing distance from the sound source. The highest variance of sound intensity was found in 1 m width green wall and 5 m away from the sound source and the lowest variance of sound intensity was related to the thickness of the control at a distance of 5 meters from the sound source. Conclusion: Basically, the sound waves are absorbed by the leaves and branches of trees. The higher the density of the tree and the shorter the distance from the sound source to the tree, the greater the reducing effect. With the shorter distance from the green wall, the sound gradually decreases because it creates an angle at the deflection path of the wave and therefore, the wave has to travel a greater distance to the receiver. According to the obtained results, it is suggested for landscape designers to use this shrub as a green wall and sound barrier, pruning it with a width of one meter and also its distance from a sound source close to about 5 meters.
Keyvan Shayeste; Gity Behboody
Abstract
Background and purpose: Heavy metals are one of the stable pollutants that do not decompose in nature and can import into the environment by sewage or wastewater of various industries. Usually, small quantities of these metals are required for the normal function of the body. But the excessive entrance ...
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Background and purpose: Heavy metals are one of the stable pollutants that do not decompose in nature and can import into the environment by sewage or wastewater of various industries. Usually, small quantities of these metals are required for the normal function of the body. But the excessive entrance of them into the body will cause poisoning. The purpose of this research is a review of various methods for the removal of heavy metals in the form of physical, chemical, and biological methods. Materials and Methods: In this paper, after searching related articles in the period 2014-2019 in databases such as Springer،Science direct، Scopus، Free paper, and John Wiley, presented references in this text were investigated to, obtain the latest finding on heavy metals removal methods. Results: Studies show that heavy metals can affect human health, so the removal of heavy metals is essential and various methods for the removal of heavy metals in the form of physical, chemical, and biological methods including membrane methods, chemical precipitation, electrochemical purification, ion exchange, adsorption, and bioremediation are used. Conclusion: The results of studies showed that heavy metals have destructive effects and it is necessary to remove and purify these metals from water and soil. The advantages and disadvantages of heavy metal removal methods make it easy to choose the right method in terms of cost and access to technical knowledge.
Mahdi Ale Ahmad; Abdolreza Karbasi; Amir Hossein Davami; Reza Jalilzadeh Yengejeh
Abstract
Background and purpose: An accurate estimation of air quality and meteorological conditions is required to make the sound air pollution management decisions. Thus, the data analysis from monitoring stations is unavoidable in air pollution research. The present study uses the statistical tests to ...
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Background and purpose: An accurate estimation of air quality and meteorological conditions is required to make the sound air pollution management decisions. Thus, the data analysis from monitoring stations is unavoidable in air pollution research. The present study uses the statistical tests to survey the homogeneity of meteorological factors and air quality station data in Mahshahr.Materials and methods: At first, a decade's worth of meteorological station data and the data from air quality stations in Mahshahr were collected over 2016-2019. The minimum and maximum values, standard deviation, variance, skewness, and kurtosis of parameters were then calculated, and heterogeneities and improbable fluctuations in the data were examined.Results: The results indicated that an average of 12% of data from the meteorological station in the special region were invalid, and that the data from this station had a non-normal distribution. Moreover, 98% of meteorological data collected at Mahshahr airport were valid which had a normal distribution. Statistical analysis of pollutant concentration data from air quality stations revealed that among 21 pollutants monitored across four air quality stations in the study region, only PM2.5 in Mahshahr station, NO2 in the mobile station, and CO, O3 in the special region fix station yielded normal distributed data.Conclusion: Consequently, when compared to other regional stations, the data from special zone's fixed air quality station, and Mahshahr meteorological station were the most reliable, with an average invalid data percentage of 16.4 and 0.48, respectively. Finally, it is recommended that the data should be adjusted to a more normal distribution over the desired period before using the data from other stations.
Amin Ahmaditabar; Mohammad Hadi Dehghani; Faezeh Izadpanah
Abstract
Background & Objective: Textile effluents contain significant amounts of toxic and organic pollutants. Due to health risks such as carcinogenic and mutagenic effects, discharge of this kind wastewater to water resources can lead to health impacts. The aim of this study was to survey the efficiency ...
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Background & Objective: Textile effluents contain significant amounts of toxic and organic pollutants. Due to health risks such as carcinogenic and mutagenic effects, discharge of this kind wastewater to water resources can lead to health impacts. The aim of this study was to survey the efficiency of Chitosan derivative in removal of basic dyes violet16 from aqueous solutions. Materials & Methods: In this study the influence of different parameters including contact time, initial dye concentration, adsorbent concentration, and PH, was studied. Residual of dye concentration was measured using a spectrophotometer set in 545 nm wavelength. Adsorption data was described by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and kinetic reactions. Results: The results showed that increasing contact time and adsorbent dose enhances dye removal rates for this adsorbent. By decreasing initial concentration of dye, removal rates increased. In optimal conditions, Chitosan derivatives were able to remove dye 68 percent respectively. For this adsorbents optimum pH was obtained 10. According to the results, adsorption process for both adsorbents was determined by Freundlich isotherm by R2>0.98. Dye absorption kinetic of both adsorbents followed pseudo second degree by R2>0.98. Conclusion: the results showed that Chitosan derivative can be applied as an efficient adsorbent for removal basic violet 16 dye from aqueous solutions.
Mohammad Hadi Abolhasani; Ehsan Rezai
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The solid waste in landfill is transformed into landfill gas during a biochemical conversion process called bio-degradation. Landfill gas is a product of waste decomposition containing 40 to 60 percent of methane and various amounts of other gases. The present project aims ...
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Background and Objectives: The solid waste in landfill is transformed into landfill gas during a biochemical conversion process called bio-degradation. Landfill gas is a product of waste decomposition containing 40 to 60 percent of methane and various amounts of other gases. The present project aims to estimate the proportion of environmental gases of Landfill No. 1 in Shahin Shahr (total landfill gas, methane gas and carbon dioxide gas), compare gas emissions over a 30 year period, and assess the capacity of the landfill for energy extraction. Material and Methods: The field of research was Landfill No. 1 at Shahin Shahr Recycling Plant (Isfahan) located in Ja’farabad Mountains, whose capacity was completed in 2010 and landfill gas assessment was carried out. The total amount of produced gases including methane and carbon dioxide was calculated using the first-order degradation model over a 30 year period. The proportions of these gases in Landfill were calculated from 2013 to 2043. Result:The results show that the amount of landfill gases production declined over the time. The maximum production of methane and carbon dioxide was about 350 and 950 thousand kilograms in 2013 and the minimum production of methane and carbon dioxide is estimated about 57 and 157 thousand kilograms, respectively, in 2043. The total volume of gases produced in this landfill has been estimated to be about 15 million cubic meters in 30 years, of which 27 percent is methane and 73 percent is carbon dioxide. The amount of methane and carbon dioxide gas is estimated to be about 5 million and 13 million kilograms in 30 years, respectivel. Conclusion:Generally, the landfill gases production declined over the time. It is recommended to use energy recovery technologies for controlling greenhouse gas emissions and generation of required energy for the ShahinShahr recycling plant in order to use this volume of gas.
Mohsen heidari; zoha heidarinejad; Vali Alipour; kavoos dindarloo; Omid Rahmanian; Babak Goodarzi; hasan Mousapour
Abstract
Background: Air pollution and its health effects is a principal challenge in Iran. One of the effective measures to control air quality is to determine the actual amount of pollutants and describe the air quality in comparison with standard conditions. The main objective of this study was to evaluate ...
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Background: Air pollution and its health effects is a principal challenge in Iran. One of the effective measures to control air quality is to determine the actual amount of pollutants and describe the air quality in comparison with standard conditions. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the air quality in Kerman based on Air Quality Index (AQI) and to determine the responsible pollutant in polluted days during April 2015 to March 2016. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the air pollutants concentration data were obtained from Kerman environmental protection agency. Then, the AQI values were calculated based on the levels of the criteria pollutants, i.e., CO, NO2, SO2, PM10, PM2.5 and O3. Based on AQI levels, the air quality was classified into six groups including good, moderate, unhealthy for the sensitive people, unhealthy, very unhealthy and dangerous. Results: During the studied year, the air quality in 7%, 60%, 29% and 4% of the days, in which the pollutants concentrations were measured, was in clean condition, healthy conditions, unhealthy conditions for sensitive groups and unhealthy condition, respectively. The best and worst air quality conditions were observed in January (in cold season) and April (in warm season), respectively. PM2.5 was the responsible pollutant for air pollution in Kerman. Conclusion: The results showed that the main responsible pollutant which causes air pollution in Kerman was particulate matter. This situation may be originated from the local and regional dust storms, especially from south-west and Sistan regions. Therefore, the essential actions must be taken to control such pollution and to minimize the community exposure to this pollutant.
Hassan Malvandi; Nasrin Hassanzadeh
Abstract
Background and purpose: Evaluation of concentration and degree of heavy metal contamination in rivers based on sediment contamination indices is one of the important issues in ecotoxicology research. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to measure the heavy metal concentrations in the sediments of ...
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Background and purpose: Evaluation of concentration and degree of heavy metal contamination in rivers based on sediment contamination indices is one of the important issues in ecotoxicology research. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to measure the heavy metal concentrations in the sediments of the Siahrood River and to assess the health risk of these pollutants. Another purpose was to determine the status of the river in terms of contamination and non-contamination for ecotoxicology studies. Materials and Methods: Acid digestion method was used to prepare the samples. Then the concentrations of Cr, Fe, Zn, As, Se, Ni, Co, Al and Mn were measured using ICP-OES. Pollution and ecological risk indices were also calculated. Results: The mean concentrations of chromium, iron, zinc, arsenic, selenium, nickel, cobalt, aluminum and manganese were 33.02, 7309.82, 42.61, 13.15, 13.36, 12.88, 6.58, 159.28 and 384.51 µg/g dw, respectively. Most of the studied elements were in the first category of pollution assessment indices. Conclusion: The results based on contamination indices and comparison with sediment quality guidelines showed that concentrations of Cr, Se and As are of concern and could potentially be a threat to the health of organisms. For ecotoxicology studies, this river is considered to be relatively contaminated in terms of Cr, Se and As and non-contaminated for other studied elements. However, further studies and monitoring of pollutants in this ecosystem are essential for making proper and effective management decisions.
kazhal kakaei; Ali reza Riyahi Bakhtiari; Mahdi Gholamali fard
Abstract
Background and purpose: Infiltration of leachate produced by municipal solid waste into the ground water poses a serious environmental hazard due to its high content of hydrocarbons and heavy metals. The leachate is the primary source of soil and water pollution. In this paper the risk of heavy metals ...
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Background and purpose: Infiltration of leachate produced by municipal solid waste into the ground water poses a serious environmental hazard due to its high content of hydrocarbons and heavy metals. The leachate is the primary source of soil and water pollution. In this paper the risk of heavy metals discharged from leachate in to groundwater in Hamadan landfill has been assessed using Industrial Waste Management Evaluation Model (IWEM). Methods: The concentrations of heavy metals (Cu,Pb,Ni and Cd) in leachate were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and the risk of these metals discharge into groundwater was assessed by IWEM using Monte Carlo analysis. Results: Based on the obtained IWEM and EPACMTP results, geosynthetic cover was recommended for this matter. Conclusion:The most appropriate option for groundwater protection in Hamadan landfill was recommended to be geosynthetic cover (Composite linear). Owing to the high probability of leachate infiltration into groundwater, there is need to be made stricter management decisions in this regard. Also, it is necessary that IWEM is used for prevention of leachate infiltration into groundwater.
Mohammad Reza Zare; Mohammad Reza Shooshtarian; Jahangir Otofat Shoare Jahromi; Marzieh Honarbakhsh; Mahvash Haghjoo; Fatemeh Hosseini; Jamal Mehralipour; Zohreh Berizi
Abstract
Background and aim: Today, the supply of qualified drinking water has become the main concern of the competent authorities. Drinking water, in addition to the appropriate quantity, must have appropriate standards regarding physicochemical and microbial properties. Nitrate and nitrite ions are of special ...
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Background and aim: Today, the supply of qualified drinking water has become the main concern of the competent authorities. Drinking water, in addition to the appropriate quantity, must have appropriate standards regarding physicochemical and microbial properties. Nitrate and nitrite ions are of special importance due to their adverse environmental and health. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of these ions in the drinking water of Evaz city and to perform calculations related to health risk assessment. Method: In this study, five points were selected and 50 samples (10 samples from each point) were collected over time intervals. After transferring the samples to the environmental chemistry laboratory, the concentration of nitrate and nitrite ions was determined by the spectrophotometer (DR6000) according to the instructions provided by the HACH. Results: The concentration of nitrate and nitrite ions in all parts of the network was lower than the standard set by the WHO. The highest and lowest concentrations of nitrate and nitrite ions were obtained at the sampling sites of Patrice Restaurant (1.04 and 0.021 mg/L) and ABFA (0.8 and 0.0162 mg/L), respectively. Also, risk assessment based on the age range of infants, children and adults was 0.125, 0.00375 and 0.043, respectively, which shows that long-term water consumption will not have a negative impact on human health. Conclusion: The physicochemical quality of Evaz drinking water was acceptable and human exposure to this water has a non-carcinogenic risk of much less than the critical range.
Sayedeh Fatemeh Mousavi; Fathollah Gholami Borujeni
Abstract
AbstractBackground and Aim: Due to the adverse effects of sewage sludge and environmental problems of organic waste, today, composting is proposed as a new method for the reuse of sludge to safely dispose of sludge and organic waste. The purpose of this study was to review the co-composting of wastewater ...
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AbstractBackground and Aim: Due to the adverse effects of sewage sludge and environmental problems of organic waste, today, composting is proposed as a new method for the reuse of sludge to safely dispose of sludge and organic waste. The purpose of this study was to review the co-composting of wastewater treatment plant sludge and various organic wastes, as a strategy to reduce environmental and agricultural pollution.Material and Methods: In the present study, articles from Scopus, Springer, Web of Science, and PubMed databases in English, and google scholar in Persian, were searched and parameters such as pH, carbon to nitrogen ratio, moisture content, and process time were studied. The keywords included "co-compost", "wastewater treatment sludge", "organic wastes", "environmental pollution", "agricultural", and "agriculture".Results: From 2011 to 2020, 14 articles were found with the mentioned keywords. However, 24 items that did not have the keywords “wastewater treatment sludge”, as well as five books and six items related to wastewater, were excluded from the study. To improve the composting process, we can increase the quality of the product by reducing the size of the raw material and using bulking materials to reduce the processing time, as well as measuring and controlling the pH, carbon to nitrogen ratio, and daily moisture content.Conclusion: In most previous studies, bulking agents and particle size reduction were used to increase compost aeration and reduce the processing time. The most important parameter influencing the co-composting process was the adjustment of pH and temperature. The composting process, with reducing environmental adverse effects of the sludge produced by the treatment plant and organic waste, as an environmentally friendly process, increases the health and well-being of the community.
Majid Kermani; Mohsen Dowlati; Ahmad jonidi jaffari; Roshanak Rezaei kalantari
Abstract
Background and objective: Air pollution is one of the major factors threatening human health and our environment. This study aimed at the comparative investigation of Air Quality Health Index (AQHI) and its application in the city of Tehran since 2007 to 2014. Materials & Methods: This Study ...
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Background and objective: Air pollution is one of the major factors threatening human health and our environment. This study aimed at the comparative investigation of Air Quality Health Index (AQHI) and its application in the city of Tehran since 2007 to 2014. Materials & Methods: This Study was a descriptive–analytic one. First, the required data were taken from Department of Environment and the Air Quality Control Company. The data were validated by the World Health Organization criteria .The air quality health index was measured based on the air quality standard tables and classified into low, medium, high and very high degrees. Results: The results show that according to air quality health index, the level of air pollution in Tehran has been undesirable since 2007 to 2014 and in 95%,92%,73%,65%,57%,65%,52%,46% of days Air quality has exceeded the standard level respectively .So, the level of risk has been high and sometimes very high. Conclusion:As a result, due to high level of air pollution and its dangerous effects, proper planning and management should be considered in environmental health sectors to control and reduce air pollution.
Mohammad Soleimani; kivan khalili; javad Behmanesh
Abstract
Introduction : More than three decades, hydrologists , using multivariate models to describe complex data modeling. While recently the importance of multivariate models have been proposed in hydrology.Indeed, the results of multivariate models can improve the results of description, modeling, and prediction ...
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Introduction : More than three decades, hydrologists , using multivariate models to describe complex data modeling. While recently the importance of multivariate models have been proposed in hydrology.Indeed, the results of multivariate models can improve the results of description, modeling, and prediction of different parameters by involving other influential factors. Methods: In this study, univariate models (ARMA) and auto-correlated multivariate models with simultaneous autoregressive moving average model (CARMA) were evaluated for modeling EC and TDS parameters of the Southern stations of Urmia Lake Basin. In order to employ CARMA models, annual flow rate timeseries, EC, TDS, SAR, and pH values measured across 3 hydrometric stations (Kotar- Balqchy- Gerdyaghob ) within 1992-2013 were used. Findings: The results of the qualitative parameters of the West River basin of Lake Urmia Showed that in the period under review the flow of the studied rivers in the south of Lake Urmia decrease And the EC and TDS values have experienced an increasing trend. EC and TDS values modeling results showed that the average error (RMSE) EC in modeling values equal to 16/60 mho / cm into the teaching and 13/26 mho / cm in the testing phase and for the TDS parameter values 19/84 and 12/71 in the testing phase is the phase of training. The estimated values of the calculation error and accuracy of the model is located entirely within the confidence interval. Conclusion: The results of multivariate modeling EC and TDS values showed that the involvement of the parameters listed in the model , modeling accuracy will be satisfactory.
Mohammad velayatzadeh; Sina Davazdah Emami; Zahra Naserzadeh
Abstract
Background & Objective:Emission of Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has an important role in increasing temperatures and, its higher concentration can effect on human health. Due to this issue, this study is aimed to measure the amount of the released carbon dioxide into the atmosphere in different ...
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Background & Objective:Emission of Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has an important role in increasing temperatures and, its higher concentration can effect on human health. Due to this issue, this study is aimed to measure the amount of the released carbon dioxide into the atmosphere in different part of Yadavaran Oil field and compare with international standards in 2017. Material & Methods:The present investigation was accomplished in Yadavaran oil field of Khuzestan province of Iran in 2017. In this study measurement of parameters including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, oxygen, relative humidity and temperature was done in 64 stations with 3 replications using ALTAIR 4X and Trotec BZ30. Data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests. Moreover, Correlation analysis was performed using Pearson and Spearman coefficients. Results:The results showed that concentration range of carbon dioxide and oxygen was 490-590 and 19-208ppm respectively. Also, the highest and lowest levels of carbon dioxide were 584.56±6.36 and 453.94±77.7 ppm in wet water camp and S10 wells (P <0.05) correspndingly. The highest oxygen content was 20.92±0.041 ppm in S7 and F12 wells, but the lowest oxygen content was 19±0.059 and 19±0.042 in S10 and F17 wells (P> 0.05) in the same order. Conclusion:Pearson and Spearman coefficient analysis showed no significant correlation between temperature, humidity, oxygen and carbon dioxide. According to the results, the concentration of carbon dioxide in different areas of the oil field of Yadavaran was acceptable.
Sahar Azarmi; Alireza Zahraei Ramazani; Mehdi Mohebali; Amir Ahmad Akhavan Akhavan; Yavar Rassi; Mahboubeh Parsaeian; Alireza Saboori; Zabiholah Zarei; Amrollah Azarm; Rahimeh Abdoli; Hamid Abdoli
Abstract
Abstract Background and purpose: This study was done from October 2016 to October 2017 to determine funa and distribution of ectoparasites of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis reservoirs to prevent and control of zoonotic diseases in the hyperendemic area (Segzi area), in Esfahan Province in the future. ...
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Abstract Background and purpose: This study was done from October 2016 to October 2017 to determine funa and distribution of ectoparasites of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis reservoirs to prevent and control of zoonotic diseases in the hyperendemic area (Segzi area), in Esfahan Province in the future. Materials and methods: Rodents were collected by Sherman's Living Traps during different seasons and were identified by the standard morphological keys and comparison of morphometric characteristics with standard specimens. The collected rodents were anesthetized and ectoparasites were removed and conserved in 96% Alcohol. Then the ectoparasites were identified by the standard keys. Results: Ninety-two Rhombomys opimus and 1 Nesokia indica were captured. 50 out of 93 rodents (53.88%) were infested by the ectoparasites and a total of 527 ectoparasites were collected from them. The 9 species of identified ectoparasites were included 1 tick (0.19% Rhipicephalus sanguineus), 1 sucking lice (0.19% Polyplax spp.), 5 fleas (75.71% Xenopsylla nuttalli, 8.73% Echidnophaga oschanini, 0.95% Nosopsyllus ziarus, 0.95% Coptopsylla mesghalii and 0.19% Nosopsyllus turkmenicus turkmenicus) and 2 mites (7.78% Dermanyssus sanguineus and 5.31% Hirstionyssus sp.). Conclusion: The current study showed that R. opimus rats are found in large numbers in Segzi area and the X. nuttalli fleas were the most frequency. It is suggested to prevent the prevalence of vector- and rodent-borne diseases, the population of rodents and their ectoparasites should be controlled at the same time.
Amir Zareei; Vahid Kakapour; Jahangir Abedi Koupai; Reza Ramezani; Sadegh Talebi; Azadeh Nekouei esfahani; Sirvan Zareei
Abstract
Background and Aim: Waste production is a natural consequence of human life and mismanagement of solid waste can result in environmental hazards. Determination of an appropriate location to sanitary landfill site is one of the most common ways to deal with this crisis. The purpose of this research is ...
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Background and Aim: Waste production is a natural consequence of human life and mismanagement of solid waste can result in environmental hazards. Determination of an appropriate location to sanitary landfill site is one of the most common ways to deal with this crisis. The purpose of this research is to find an appropriate location for landfill site in Qorveh city due to its specific location in terms of agriculture and mining. Materials and methods: The research method in this study was descriptive, analytical and quantitative. In order to locate the landfill, firstly effective information layers in landfill site study (land use layer, rivers, roads, conservation areas, soils, groundwater, morphology, …) were identified and developed using the collected data from organizations and information centers. Finally,(GIS), (AHP) and (WLC) were used to integrate the maps. Results: The Analytical Hierarchy Process is one of the most efficient techniques designed for multi-criteria decision making, as it enables the formulation of complex problems. Due to limitations, appropriate landfill site options were identified using GIS and used as input data for the hierarchical analysis process. Distance from population centers (towns and villages), distance from surface and groundwater sources are the most important indicators. Conclusion: By combining two methods of multivariate Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) and Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP) model, the most priority areas were determined with concentration on distance from population centers (towns and villages), distance from surface and groundwater resources,. After extracting the criteria information layers from the maps and prioritizing the 4-storey location ranges, it became clear that the northern direction of Qorveh city with an area of 210 hectares is the most suitable area for sanitary landfill of solid wastes.
Gharibreza Nazerirad; Fatemeh Zare Mehrjerdi; Fatemeh Khojasteh
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Aim: Environmental noise pollution can cause physical and mental disorders, especially in cities. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Low-Frequency (LF) and High-Frequency (HF) noise on anxiety and sleep disorder in male rats.
Materials and Methods: Fifteen male Wistar ...
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Abstract
Background and Aim: Environmental noise pollution can cause physical and mental disorders, especially in cities. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Low-Frequency (LF) and High-Frequency (HF) noise on anxiety and sleep disorder in male rats.
Materials and Methods: Fifteen male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: 1) control group (no exposure to noise), 2) group exposed to low-frequency traffic noise (LF group), and 3) group exposed to high-frequency traffic noise (HF group). Sleep duration was monitored by CCTV. Anxiety-like behaviors were measured using the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM).
Results: The results of the EPM test showed that time spent in the open arm was significantly lower in the HF group than in the control (P <0.05). Sleep duration was significantly lower in rats exposed to LF and HF noise (P <0.01). There was no significant difference in sleep duration between the HF and LF groups.
Conclusion: Exposure to high and low-frequency noise can reduce sleep duration and high-frequency noise can increase anxiety-like behavior in rats.