Hosein Aalidadi; Zahra Karimi; Aliakbar Dehghan; Hamed Mohammadi; Maryam Paydar
Abstract
Background and Purpose : Heavy metals are among the most critical contaminants in drinking water, owing to their stability and accumulation capability in living tissues and the food chain. Consequently, this study was conducted to determine the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment indices ...
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Background and Purpose : Heavy metals are among the most critical contaminants in drinking water, owing to their stability and accumulation capability in living tissues and the food chain. Consequently, this study was conducted to determine the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment indices for heavy metals in the water sources of Torbat-e Jam City in 2023.Materials and Methods : Samples were collected from 16 groundwater sources and the surrounding soil of Torbat-e Jam City during the summer and autumn of 2023. Concentrations of five heavy metals - arsenic, mercury, lead, cadmium, and copper - were measured using a Varian atomic absorption spectrometer. Finally, the health risk levels for three different groups were calculated using indices provided by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the United States.Results: The average concentrations of heavy metals in water during summer were as follows: arsenic: 0.0027 ± 0.0035 mg/L, mercury: 0.00019 ± 0.00035 mg/L, lead: 0.0011 ± 0.0023 mg/L, cadmium: 0.0002 ± 0.0002 mg/L, and copper: 0.0046 ± 0.0078 mg/L. In autumn, the concentrations were arsenic: 0.0082 ± 0.0081 mg/L, mercury: 0.0018 ± 0.0008 mg/L, lead: 0.0056 ± 0.0058 mg/L, cadmium: 0.00084 ± 0.00083 mg/L, and copper: 0.0091 ± 0.0068 mg/L. In soil, the concentrations were arsenic: 0.011 ± 0.053 mg/L, mercury: 0.0086 ± 0.0068 mg/L, lead: 0.131 ± 0.186 mg/L, cadmium: 0.0002 ± 0.00047 mg/L, and copper: 0.12 ± 0.24 mg/L. The study found the non-carcinogenic risk levels of the examined heavy metals to be low. However, the carcinogenic risk level for arsenic was very high in both seasons, for cadmium was moderate in autumn, and for the other elements, it was within the standard limits.Conclusion : Given the high carcinogenic risk of arsenic for women, men, and children in both summer and autumn, continuous monitoring of arsenic levels should be a priority for regulatory agencies.
Ava Heidari; Zahra Jafarpour Chek Ab; Mohamad Farzam; Abbas Rouhani
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Consumption of vegetables contaminated with heavy metals is dangerous for human health. The present research determined some heavy metals in Portulaca oleracea and assessed its health risk.Materials and Methods: P. oleracea was grown in pots using soil polluted with nickel and ...
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Background and Purpose: Consumption of vegetables contaminated with heavy metals is dangerous for human health. The present research determined some heavy metals in Portulaca oleracea and assessed its health risk.Materials and Methods: P. oleracea was grown in pots using soil polluted with nickel and various amounts of iron nanoparticles (0, 15, and 30 mg/kg). The concentration of heavy metals was determined by ICP-OEC after the samples were extracted. The bioaccumulation and transfer factors in plants, daily intake, and risk indicators of heavy metals for humans were all calculated.Results: The treatment with 30 mg/kg of iron nanoparticles resulted in the maximum concentration of nickel and iron in the roots and aerial sections of P. oleracea. The nickel and iron TF were below one for the soil-root but above one for the root-stem. For nickel and iron, the BAF in the plant was discovered to be less than one. Human consumption of P. oleracea poses minimal dangers, as indicated by HRI values that are less than 1. Compared to iron, nickel showed higher HRI values. Across all treatments, children demonstrated high HRIs for nickel and iron than adults.Conclusion: There are no non-cancerous diseases for consumers, according to the hazard ratio of the investigated components in the P. oleracea, which was 1. Overall, the findings demonstrated that the HRI of heavy elements for both analyzed age groups was less than one.
Behnam Pardakti; Hossein Pirkharrati; Farrokh Asad Zadeh
Abstract
Background and Purpose: In this study, heavy metals in the soil around theZanjan city, by using indicators of pollution, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenicrisk and determining the origin by using statistical methods.Materials and Methods: In this study, 30 soil samples were taken from a depthof 0-20 cm ...
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Background and Purpose: In this study, heavy metals in the soil around theZanjan city, by using indicators of pollution, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenicrisk and determining the origin by using statistical methods.Materials and Methods: In this study, 30 soil samples were taken from a depthof 0-20 cm and analyzed based on the method of acid digestion by inductioncoupled plasma spectroscopy.Results: The enrichment factor for zinc and cadmium was in the extremeenrichment category with an average of 42.1 and 34.5, respectively, and theland accumulation index for cadmium was in the high pollution category withan average of 2.8. Spatial changes of the index of pollution load and modifieddegree of pollution showed that the intensity of pollution increased nearthe industrial centers and the linear regression between the ecological riskand the median coefficient of the medium effect range (R2=0.903) showedthat 76% of the samples They are in the possibility of toxicity. Cadmium hadthe highest risk in children and adults with an average non-carcinogenic riskindex of 2 and 0.5, especially exposed to skin absorption with an average of0.5. It shows the risk of more cancer diseases. The result of determining theorigin and contribution of heavy metals with the help of statistical evaluationsshowed that lead, zinc and cadmium are the result of human activities andchromium, copper and arsenic are the result of the combination of human andearth-born activities. have gathered in the areaConclusion: In order to reduce the negative environmental effects of heavymetals in the soil of the study area, measures such as reducing the entry ofpollutants into the soil and refining polluted Soil.
Maryam Sarkhosh; Mostafa Hadei; Sima Nourbakhsh; Hossein Alidadi; Mohammad Pazira; Gholam Reza Farahzad
Abstract
Background and Purpose:Assessing the health effects of air pollution can provide useful information for health policy . AirQ + software is a tool for determining and modeling the health effects attributed to air pollutants such as O3, NO2, PM10 and PM2.5. The aim of this study was to quantify the health ...
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Background and Purpose:Assessing the health effects of air pollution can provide useful information for health policy . AirQ + software is a tool for determining and modeling the health effects attributed to air pollutants such as O3, NO2, PM10 and PM2.5. The aim of this study was to quantify the health effects of PM2.5 pollutants in the air of Mashhad.materials and methods:In order to present this analytical study, air quality data were obtained in 2019 from the General Department of Environment of the province and the Environmental Pollutants Monitoring Center of Mashhad Municipality. Hourly data of each validated station and stations that less than 75% of the data were not registered or were not valid were eliminate. Demographic and meteorological information were also obtained from relevant organizations. AirQ + software was used to quantify the health effects of suspended particles. The desired cut-off concentration was 10 μg / m3 according to WHO guidelines.result:The results show that the total death rate attributed to PM2.5 in 2019 was about 1069 cases, which is about 9.5% of the total deaths in Mashhad. In the long term exposure, the rate of premature death attributed to PM2.5 due to COPD in that year was about 14%, due to cancer about 12%, due to IHD about 6% and due to stroke about 8% of the total deaths in Mashhad in the upper25 years old population. Conclusion:Among air pollutants, PM2.5 due to its special structure composition can be one of the risk factors for public health. This study does not consider the synergistic effects of air pollutants, which is due to the lack of studies worldwide. If the synergistic effects of pollutants are taken into account, the rate of deaths attributed to air pollution could be much higher than currently estimated.
Sareh Nezami; Akram Fatemi
Abstract
Abstract Background and Aim:Theexcessive consumption of nitrogen fertilizers leads to the production of vegetables with high concentrations of nitrate. High nitrate concentration in crops causes a variety of diseases, especially due to the production of carcinogen nitrosamine in adults. Because of the ...
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Abstract Background and Aim:Theexcessive consumption of nitrogen fertilizers leads to the production of vegetables with high concentrations of nitrate. High nitrate concentration in crops causes a variety of diseases, especially due to the production of carcinogen nitrosamine in adults. Because of the increase in cancerous and non-cancerous diseases caused by the consumption of foods containing high nitrate, a detailed and comprehensive assessment of the state of nitrate accumulation in vegetables is required. This study was conducted to evaluate the risk of nitrate in high-consumption vegetables in Kermanshah. Materials and Methods: In this study, 120 samples of five kilograms of high-consumption vegetables were sampled in different months of each season and sent to the laboratory. Samples included tomato, cucumber, potato, onion (yellow, white, red), lettuce, celery, watercress, and spinach or beet leaves. After sample preparation and extraction, the nitrate concentration was determined by a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 410 nm. Results:The nitrate concentration in all vegetables was less than the WHO and ISRI standard limits in winter. But in the summer, the concentration of nitrate in celery, cress, and sugar beet leaves exceeded the standard limits. The hazard quotient (HQ) was less than 1 in all vegetables and both seasons. In summer, the highest HQ values were observed in cress (0.425), beet leaves (0.363), and celery (0.135), in sequence. In the winter, the highest amount of HQ was seen in cress (0.190). Conclusion:According to the HQ values (less than 1) in all vegetables, the possibility of exposure to non-carcinogenic diseases caused by nitrate from eating vegetables in this study is not serious, but it is necessary to monitor the concentration of nitrate in consumed vegetables at different intervals.
Mohammad Reza Zare; Mohammad Reza Shooshtarian; Jahangir Otofat Shoare Jahromi; Marzieh Honarbakhsh; Mahvash Haghjoo; Fatemeh Hosseini; Jamal Mehralipour; Zohreh Berizi
Abstract
Background and aim: Today, the supply of qualified drinking water has become the main concern of the competent authorities. Drinking water, in addition to the appropriate quantity, must have appropriate standards regarding physicochemical and microbial properties. Nitrate and nitrite ions are of special ...
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Background and aim: Today, the supply of qualified drinking water has become the main concern of the competent authorities. Drinking water, in addition to the appropriate quantity, must have appropriate standards regarding physicochemical and microbial properties. Nitrate and nitrite ions are of special importance due to their adverse environmental and health. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of these ions in the drinking water of Evaz city and to perform calculations related to health risk assessment. Method: In this study, five points were selected and 50 samples (10 samples from each point) were collected over time intervals. After transferring the samples to the environmental chemistry laboratory, the concentration of nitrate and nitrite ions was determined by the spectrophotometer (DR6000) according to the instructions provided by the HACH. Results: The concentration of nitrate and nitrite ions in all parts of the network was lower than the standard set by the WHO. The highest and lowest concentrations of nitrate and nitrite ions were obtained at the sampling sites of Patrice Restaurant (1.04 and 0.021 mg/L) and ABFA (0.8 and 0.0162 mg/L), respectively. Also, risk assessment based on the age range of infants, children and adults was 0.125, 0.00375 and 0.043, respectively, which shows that long-term water consumption will not have a negative impact on human health. Conclusion: The physicochemical quality of Evaz drinking water was acceptable and human exposure to this water has a non-carcinogenic risk of much less than the critical range.
elham shahri; nematolah khorasani; gholamreza noori; ferdos kord mostafa pour; mohammad velayatzadeh
Abstract
Background & Objective: The heavy metals are considered as the pollutants which create too much problems in aquatic ecosystems for aquatics, and consequently, humans. This study aims to demystify risk assessment of some heavy metals concentrations such as Nickle, Cadmium, Lead and Zinc in the muscles ...
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Background & Objective: The heavy metals are considered as the pollutants which create too much problems in aquatic ecosystems for aquatics, and consequently, humans. This study aims to demystify risk assessment of some heavy metals concentrations such as Nickle, Cadmium, Lead and Zinc in the muscles of Otolithes ruber, Parastromateus niger, Scomberomorus commerson and Sphyraena jello fishes in 2013. Material & Methods: 96 samples from the aforementioned fishes were taken from both coastal and marine areas of Chabahar port (Oman sea). Wet Digestion method is applied to extract the considered metals from the tissues, and the concentrations of the heavy metals were measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer Younglin AAS8020. All statistical analyses were performed by SPSS (V. 17) using ANOVA along with Duncan test. Results: The results showed the highest and lowest concentrations of Cd were in Sphyraena jello and Otolithes ruber, respectively. The lowest Concentration of Pb was in Sphyraena jello. The highest and lowest concentrations of Ni and Zn were observed in Sphyraena jello and Scomberomorus commerson, correspondingly. The highest concentration of adsorbed Cd, Ni and Zn metals were measured in Sphyraena jello in the coastal area samples in children. Conclusion: Concentrations of Cd, Pb and Zn were lower than the determined proportions of FAO, WHO, UKMAFF, NHMRC and FDA. Ni concentration was higher than theGlobal Standards in Sphyraena jello.