Mojtaba G.Mahmoodlu; Tara Sotoudehnia
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Groundwater serves as the primary drinking water source in Golestan Province. Therefore, this study aims to assess the non-cancerous health risks associated with nitrate and fluoride in the province's drinking water sources. Materials and Methods: Physicochemical data from ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Groundwater serves as the primary drinking water source in Golestan Province. Therefore, this study aims to assess the non-cancerous health risks associated with nitrate and fluoride in the province's drinking water sources. Materials and Methods: Physicochemical data from 139 drinking water wells were obtained from the Golestan Province Water and Wastewater Company during the spring and autumn. Significant ion variations were analyzed, and factors influencing the chemistry of drinking water sources in Golestan Province were investigated. Non-carcinogenic health risks posed by nitrate and fluoride were assessed using two indicators provided by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Results: The maximum nitrate concentration in certain Golestan Province cities exceeds the Iranian drinking water standards (1053) and the World Health Organization's limits. However, fluoride levels in most cities fall below the range stipulated by domestic and international standards. The nitrate risk factor for children in select cities exceeds one, while it remains below one for other age groups. Notably, Khan Bebin City exhibits the lowest nitrate risk factor among the province's cities. Additionally, risk factor values show a slight increase during the autumn season. Non-cancerous health risk assessments for fluoride in drinking water sources across Golestan Province during spring and autumn indicate risk values below one for all age groups, including infants, children, teenagers, and adults. Conclusion: The health risk assessments for nitrates and fluorides indicate that children in certain cities face a higher risk from nitrates than adults. Moreover, the low fluoride levels in the province's drinking water sources increase the likelihood of tooth decay.
Mansour Baziar
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Nitrates have long been considered indicative of drinking water quality and a critical concern for human health. The evolution of advanced models for water quality management has spurred decision-makers to incorporate artificial intelligence technologies into water quality planning. ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Nitrates have long been considered indicative of drinking water quality and a critical concern for human health. The evolution of advanced models for water quality management has spurred decision-makers to incorporate artificial intelligence technologies into water quality planning. This study aims to employ the AdaBoost model, one of the cutting-edge models in water quality management, to predict nitrate concentrations in groundwater using pH and EC (Electrical Conductivity) as input variables.Materials and Methods: Initially, the study analyzed the Pearson correlation matrix and subsequently determined the input variables for multiple AdaBoost models with varying hyperparameters. A sensitivity and dependence analysis of the model's input variables was conducted to assess their impact on nitrate prediction.Results: The results obtained from the AdaBoost model reveal R-squared (R2) values of 0.915 for the training dataset and 0.924 for the test dataset. Additionally, the Mean Squared Error (MSE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) scores for the training dataset were recorded as 1.02, 1.01, 0.823, and 7.3%, respectively. For the test dataset, these metrics were observed in the order of 0.228, 0.477, 0.375, and 3.2%. The model's sensitivity analysis identified the pH variable as the most influential factor in nitrate prediction.Conclusion: The model analysis demonstrates that the proposed method performs well in predicting nitrate concentrations. This approach holds significant potential for implementation as an intelligent system for forecasting water quality parameters.
Mohammad Reza Zare; Mohammad Reza Shooshtarian; Jahangir Otofat Shoare Jahromi; Marzieh Honarbakhsh; Mahvash Haghjoo; Fatemeh Hosseini; Jamal Mehralipour; Zohreh Berizi
Abstract
Background and aim: Today, the supply of qualified drinking water has become the main concern of the competent authorities. Drinking water, in addition to the appropriate quantity, must have appropriate standards regarding physicochemical and microbial properties. Nitrate and nitrite ions are of special ...
Read More
Background and aim: Today, the supply of qualified drinking water has become the main concern of the competent authorities. Drinking water, in addition to the appropriate quantity, must have appropriate standards regarding physicochemical and microbial properties. Nitrate and nitrite ions are of special importance due to their adverse environmental and health. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of these ions in the drinking water of Evaz city and to perform calculations related to health risk assessment. Method: In this study, five points were selected and 50 samples (10 samples from each point) were collected over time intervals. After transferring the samples to the environmental chemistry laboratory, the concentration of nitrate and nitrite ions was determined by the spectrophotometer (DR6000) according to the instructions provided by the HACH. Results: The concentration of nitrate and nitrite ions in all parts of the network was lower than the standard set by the WHO. The highest and lowest concentrations of nitrate and nitrite ions were obtained at the sampling sites of Patrice Restaurant (1.04 and 0.021 mg/L) and ABFA (0.8 and 0.0162 mg/L), respectively. Also, risk assessment based on the age range of infants, children and adults was 0.125, 0.00375 and 0.043, respectively, which shows that long-term water consumption will not have a negative impact on human health. Conclusion: The physicochemical quality of Evaz drinking water was acceptable and human exposure to this water has a non-carcinogenic risk of much less than the critical range.
Maryam Sarkhosh; Ali Asghar Najafpoor; Mona Tabriziazad
Abstract
Treatment of Fresh Leachate From Municipal Solid Waste This study aimed at the examination of the efficiency of roughing filter in nitrate and chemical oxygen demand removal (COD), obtained in the fresh leachate from municipal solid waste landfill. Sampling was done in 3 rates 0.5m/h, 1m/h and 1.5 m/h, ...
Read More
Treatment of Fresh Leachate From Municipal Solid Waste This study aimed at the examination of the efficiency of roughing filter in nitrate and chemical oxygen demand removal (COD), obtained in the fresh leachate from municipal solid waste landfill. Sampling was done in 3 rates 0.5m/h, 1m/h and 1.5 m/h, including simultaneous sampling from input and output filtering, to determine the concentration of nitrate and COD. The average efficiency of COD removal in filtration rates of 0.5 m/h, 1 m/h and 1.5 m/h was equal to 84, 88 and 85 % respectively. The average removal efficiency of nitrate in filtration rates of 0.5 m/h, 1 m/h and 1.5 m/h was equal to 88, 88 and 85 % respectively. Output values of COD and nitrate were lower than the environmental organization standard (p < 0.05). Based on the results of this study, the nitrate removal with a roughing filter was better than that obtained with COD. Keywords: Roughing Filter, Nitrate, Chemical Oxygen Demand,
Sayede Samane Taheri Otaghsara; Mohammad Ali Zazouli; Mohammad Ali Ebrahimzade; Shahram Eslami; Yahya Esfandiari
Abstract
Background and purpose: High concentration of nitrate in drinking water can be detrimental to health. It can be reduced to nitrite in children Stomach and lead the methemoglobinemia. Therefore, the removal of nitrate from polluted water is necessary. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness ...
Read More
Background and purpose: High concentration of nitrate in drinking water can be detrimental to health. It can be reduced to nitrite in children Stomach and lead the methemoglobinemia. Therefore, the removal of nitrate from polluted water is necessary. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of walnut shell adsorbent in removing nitrates from aqueous solutions. Materials and methods: This experimental study was conducted in a batch laboratory scale. The walnut shell were collected and burned in the furnace at 700 סC in 1 hours and sieved in 20 -100 mesh. The optimum values of pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage and and the different concentrations of nitrate were experimented in lab scale conditions were determined. The nitrate concentration was measured in wavelength of 220 and 275 nm by spectrophotometer. Also pHpzc of absorbent have been evaluated. Results: The results showed that optimum pH was 9 so that by increasing and decreasing optimum pH, removal efficiency increase and decrease. The removal efficiency Increased until 120 minutes, but after 120 minutes the percentage of removal was reduced Increasing of adsorbent dosage and the different concentrations of nitrate cause the increase and decrease of adsorbtion respectively. At optimal conditions, nitrate removal efficiency was 78% Conclusion: The result of the present study shows that walnut shell can be used as an effective and cheap adsorbent for nitrate removal and the process is more efficient at Alkaline pH .
Yahya Choopan; Somayeh Emami
Abstract
Background and Objective: Since, the treated effluents can be used as a reliable and sustainable source for agricultural activities, the treatment and recycling of wastewater is the most important solution in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world, such as Iran. a In Iran, the reuse of treated wastewater ...
Read More
Background and Objective: Since, the treated effluents can be used as a reliable and sustainable source for agricultural activities, the treatment and recycling of wastewater is the most important solution in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world, such as Iran. a In Iran, the reuse of treated wastewater is becoming a validated method to recycle useful ingredients of the wastewater to the water cycle. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the quality of Torbat-Heydarieh's municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent for irrigation and agricultural uses. Method: In this study, the chemical and microbiological analysis of Torbat-Heydarieh's municipal sewage treatment plant effluent has been investigated for agricultural uses in the mentioned method in 2015 year. The considered output parameters of the wastewater were (Total Suspended Solid)TSS, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), COD, Coliform, nitrate, Turbidity parameter, sulfate, phosphate, chloride and poisonous non-organic compounds. Data analysis was performed using DSTAT software and statistical volume of 45 samples. Findings: The results of the chemical analysis of municipal sewage showed that the amount of nitrate in the wastewater is higher than the standards of World Organization Health (WHO) and (Food and agriculture Organization) FAO. Therefore, appropriate strategies should be considered for agricultural applications. Conclusion: The results of the chemical analysis of municipal sewage showed that total TDS, dissolved Oxygen, BOD, COD, caloric, magnesium, sodium and calcium, phosphate and chloride in sewage treatment plant are in standard range.
hosein alidadi; maryam dolatabadi; marjan mehrabpour
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Nitrate contamination of surface and groundwater is considered as one of the more serious problems in throughout the world. High nitrate concentration in water (higher than standards) is very dangerous, consuming such polluted water can lead to Methemoglobinemia disease ...
Read More
Background and Objectives: Nitrate contamination of surface and groundwater is considered as one of the more serious problems in throughout the world. High nitrate concentration in water (higher than standards) is very dangerous, consuming such polluted water can lead to Methemoglobinemia disease in children and the formation of the carcinogenic nitrosamines in adults. . The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility using of Modified clinoptilolite Zeolite by Cationic Surfactants adsorbent in nitrate removal from aqueous solutions. Materials and Methods: In this empirical study, the effects of different independent variables including adsorbent dose (1-3 g/l), initial concentration of nitrate (50-150 mg/l), pH (4-10) and contact time (15-120 min) on elimination of nitrate was investigated. Also, adsorption kinetic along with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms was studied. Results: The obtained results showed that the maximum removal efficiency of NO3 was in the initial nitrate concentration of 50 mg/L, pH of 4, adsorbent dose of 3 g/l, and contact time of 90 min. Also, the results indicate that the nitrate adsorption by modified Clinoptilolite zeolite was fitted well with Freundlich isotherm (R2=0.9951), and second- order kinetics (R2=0.9998). Conclusion: According to the attained results, the Clinoptilolite zeolite can be considered as an appropriate and economical adsorbent for elimination of nitrate from aqueous solutions. Concerning its simple modification method and low cost, it can be applied as an adsorbent for other anionic pollutions. .