Akram Ghorbani; Mohammad javad Alipoor; Mohammad Ghafoori
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Distribution of heavy metals in all types of sediments is one of the important and new topics in environmental sedimentology. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the amount of factor pollution, concentration of cadmium and lead metals, geochemical accumulation ...
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Background and Purpose: Distribution of heavy metals in all types of sediments is one of the important and new topics in environmental sedimentology. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the amount of factor pollution, concentration of cadmium and lead metals, geochemical accumulation index and ecological risk category in the soil downstream of Taibad Landfill.materials and methods: 15 stations were selected at a distance of 100 meters from each other and along the waterway exiting the site from a distance of 100 to 1500 meters. After sampling 5 samples and repeating 3 times from each station, the samples were taken to the laboratory for analysis.Results: In stations 2 and 6, because the pollution factors (CF) are between 1 and 3, the level of pollution in these stations is average, in station 10 it is very high, and for the rest of the stations, because the pollution factors are between 3 and 6, the level of pollution is high. For cadmium metal, the pollution factor (CF) in all stations is between 3 and 6 and the pollution is high. Based on the results, the amount of lead and cadmium metals in the risk category They are ecologically average.Conclusion: The amount of lead metal pollution in station 2 and 6 is moderate, station 3 is very high and in other stations it is high. Cadmium metal contamination was reported in all stations. Both metals are in the medium category in terms of ecological risk.The concentration mentioned metals in the soil downstream of the landfill is significantly higher than the global soil average and the earth's crust. It seems that this pollution is caused by the landfill, which was spread to the downstream lands by seasonal runoff
Masoomeh Koohi; Atefeh Chamani
Abstract
Background and Purpose: The Zayandeh-Rud River is the sole permanent river in the central plateau of Iran. This river has been extensively exposed to sewage and effluent discharge from various point and non-point sources of pollution. Consequently, the sediment quality of the Zayandeh-Rud River was investigated.Materials ...
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Background and Purpose: The Zayandeh-Rud River is the sole permanent river in the central plateau of Iran. This river has been extensively exposed to sewage and effluent discharge from various point and non-point sources of pollution. Consequently, the sediment quality of the Zayandeh-Rud River was investigated.Materials and methods: Sediment sampling was conducted in triplicates at six stations along the Zayandeh-Rud River during the spring, summer, autumn, and winter of 2019-2020. The concentrations of lead and cadmium were then determined. Subsequently, the bioaccumulation factor, Müller's geochemical index, contamination factor, contamination degree, modified contamination degree, potential ecological risk index, and pollution load index were calculated.Results: The results indicated that the mean concentrations of cadmium in spring, summer, autumn, and winter were 1.18, 1.13, 1.08, and 0.54 mg/kg, respectively. Additionally, the mean concentration of lead was 26.13, 23.04, 23.96, and 11.17 mg/kg, respectively. The ecological risk assessment index revealed that the region was at a moderate ecological risk during spring, summer, and autumn, while during winter, it was at a low ecological risk.Conclusion: A comparison between the mean metal concentrations and the Canadian sediment quality standard values for fresh waters demonstrated that the lead concentration in sediments is lower than the standard value, whereas cadmium exceeds the standard value. These results highlight the pollution status of the river, which is the primary source of freshwater in the central plateau of Iran. Moreover, this study can serve as a basis for implementing policies to mitigate the accumulation of heavy metals in aquatic ecosystems.
Somayeh Sefidgar Shahkolaie; Mojtaba Barani Motlaq; Farhad Khormali; Esmael Dordipour
Abstract
Background and purpose: Increasing agricultural activities and subsequently releasing pollutants from agricultural systems as well as expanding industries cause heavy metals (lead and cadmium) to enter the environment. Application of amendments are suitable methods for the inactivation of heavy metals ...
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Background and purpose: Increasing agricultural activities and subsequently releasing pollutants from agricultural systems as well as expanding industries cause heavy metals (lead and cadmium) to enter the environment. Application of amendments are suitable methods for the inactivation of heavy metals in contaminated soils. Materials and methods: In order to study the effect of organic amendments (bichar 640 and 420) and inorganic amendments (zeolite, bentonite, leca and pumice) on bioavailability of Pb and Cd during incubation time in a calcareous soil, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 3 levels of amendments application in soil (0, 1 and 5 %) in three replications. Bioavailability of Pb and Cd in soil was determined using DTPA and EDTA- extractable during 90- and 180-days incubation time. Results: Results showed that concentration of DTPA-extractable Pb and Cd increased during the time. Application of biochar 640, bentonite and zeolite (5%) decreased concentration of EDTA-extractable Pb during the incubation time. Application of biochar (1%) were the most effective treatment in decreasing Pb concentration EDTA-exchangeable. Application of the organic amendments (biochar 640 and biochar 420) and inorganic amendments (pumice, leca bentonite, and zeolite) increased concentration of EDTA-extractable Cd during the incubation time. Application of 5% of zeolite showed the lowest increasing concentration of EDTA-extractable Cd during the incubation time. Conclusion: Organic amendments were more efficient in immobilization of Cd and Pb than the inorganic amendments. These results might due to the high amount of organic carbon and cation exchange capacity of the organic amendments than the inorganic amendments.
Reyhane Dehghan; Ahmad Rafiepoor; Seyed Hossein Nejad Sajadi
Abstract
Background and purpose: Heavy metals can be serious threat to food security because of the ability to accumulte in the body of fish. Therefore, considering the important role of fish play in human nutrition, the concentration of heavy metals, especially in the edible part of the fish, is necessary. Materials ...
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Background and purpose: Heavy metals can be serious threat to food security because of the ability to accumulte in the body of fish. Therefore, considering the important role of fish play in human nutrition, the concentration of heavy metals, especially in the edible part of the fish, is necessary. Materials and methods: In order to investigate the concentration of heavy metals mercury, lead and cadmium in muscle tissue of three fish species, Tuna )Scomberomoruscommerson(, Tap)Thunnustonggol (and tilapia due (Oreochromisniloticus) 20 pieces of fish were randomly collected from fish sailes in Jiroft city in winter 2017. samples were prepared by acid digestion. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 19 software, ANOVA and t-test. The presence or absence of significant difference was determined at 5% level (P <0.05). Results: The results showed that there is a significant difference between the accumulation of lead and cadmium in Tuna, Tap and tilapia muscle tissue (p <0/05) and the rate of lead accumulation in the tuna Conclusion:The concentration of mercury in the fish muscle tissue was lower than the global standard but the two metals of cadmium and lead in the tissues of Tilapia and tap were higher than the global standard. Key words: Jiroft, Cadmium, Heavy metals, food chain.
Parisa Dadkhah; Atefeh Chamani; Samar Mortazavi
Abstract
Background and aim:With the development of coastal industries and cities, aquatic ecosystems and organisms are exposed to contaminants, especially heavy metals. Heavy metals accumulate in aquatic tissues and eventually enter the food chain and human body. The aim of this study was to investigate the ...
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Background and aim:With the development of coastal industries and cities, aquatic ecosystems and organisms are exposed to contaminants, especially heavy metals. Heavy metals accumulate in aquatic tissues and eventually enter the food chain and human body. The aim of this study was to investigate the concentrations of lead, cadmium and zinc in muscle of two fish species (Cicharhinuslimbatus) and (Epinepheluscoioides) from the Persian Gulf.
Materials and Methods:For this purpose, 15 samples of muscle were takenfrom each fish, and by wet digestion method, the concentration of Lead, Cadmium and Zinc were measured by atomic absorption device. Statistical analysis of the obtained results was carried out by SPSS software (v.20) using Shapiro-Wilk, One Sample T-Test and Binomial Test.
Results:According to the results, the mean concentrations of lead, zinc and cadmium were 5.55, 8.40, 0.22 mg/kg and 9.14, 13.54, 0.27 mg/kg, in Cicharhinuslimbatus and Epinepheluscoioides respectively. The mean concentration of lead in both fisheswashigher than the WHO standard. The HI index for Cicharhinuslimbatus and Epinepheluscoioides is less than 1.
Conclusion: With respect to the obtained results, the absorption of these metals does not threaten consumers. However, the proportions of condition factor for Cicharhinuslimbatus and Epinepheluscoioides are not within the standard range and indicate the inappropriate conditions of this habitat for aquatic health and environmental stresses.
Sepideh Yeganeh Shali; Ghasem Rahimi; Leila Jahanban; Salahedin Moradi; Eisa Ebrahimi
Abstract
Background and Aim: In recent decades, industrial, agricultural and urban activities have led to pollution and accumulation of heavy metals in soils and plants which directly or indirectly affects humans and animals lives. Nowadays, pollutant accumulation in most agricultural products is much higher ...
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Background and Aim: In recent decades, industrial, agricultural and urban activities have led to pollution and accumulation of heavy metals in soils and plants which directly or indirectly affects humans and animals lives. Nowadays, pollutant accumulation in most agricultural products is much higher than the permissible limit due to the excessive use of fertilizers. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the accumulated proportions of heavy metals such as copper, lead and cadmium in different tissues of laboratory rat.
Materials and Methods: In this study, the accumulation and distribution of heavy metals were investigated in different organs of rats under various nutritional conditions. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with greenhouse strawberry treatments in three groups.Different groups of rats (27 rats) were fed strawberries infected with heavy metals by oral gavage within a three-month period.
Regarding the average weight of rats, 0.5 gram of fresh strawberry was considered for each rat. In addition, heavy metals solution including cadmium (15.773 mg / l), lead (41.560 mg / l) and copper (9.445 mg / l) were exerted to the plant. In the next stage of procedure, heavy metals (cadmium, copper and lead) accumulated in different organs of the rats (kidney, liver, pancreas, Testicle, spleen, and brain) were measured.
Results: Results showed that the concentrations of studied heavy metals in the strawberries were 7.7, 26 and 3.2 mg/kg for cadmium, lead and copper respectively, which were higher than Iranian standard level. The statistical results showed that there was a significant difference between the different organs in the intake of the heavy metals, so that in the infected treatment, the most and lowest amounts of cadmium were in the kidney (0.41 g / day) and the brain (0.24 g / day), respectively. Heavy metals caused reduction in the rate of weight gain of rats. The accumulation of these elements was higher in the kidney, liver and pancreas than other organs. The least accumulation of heavy metals was related to the rat’s brain, while highest proportion of the heavy metals accumulation was in the kidney.
Conclusion: The results demonstrated that if strawberry quality is not evaluated properly and distributed throughout community in the contaminated form, it can pose many harmful effects on the community’s health. Therefore, the quality control should be carried out with high precision.
reza shokoohi; Hossain Farji; Seyed Amir Ghiasian; Javad Faradmal; Salah Azizi; mahdi salari
Abstract
Background & Objective: Cadmium is considered as one of the most hazardous heavy metals, a non-essential, non-beneficial and highly toxic element to people. In the current study, the ability of aspergillus terreus fungi biomass was surveyed in the removal of cadmium from aquatic solutions. Materials ...
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Background & Objective: Cadmium is considered as one of the most hazardous heavy metals, a non-essential, non-beneficial and highly toxic element to people. In the current study, the ability of aspergillus terreus fungi biomass was surveyed in the removal of cadmium from aquatic solutions. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in 2015 using fungal biomass culture on a shake flask. The dead biomass of aspergillus terreus fungi was applied as an adsorbent for the treatment of aquatic solution under the conditions of cadmium concentrations: 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 mg/l, pH: 3, 5, 7 and 9, retention time: 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min and adsorbent dose: 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1 and 2 g. The remained concentrations of cadmium after adsorption were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: Results indicated that under condition of retention time: 90 min, pH: 7, initial cadmium concentration: 20mg/l and adsorbent dose: 1g, the biomass had a removal efficiency of 94%. Moreover, Adsorption process fitted to Freundlich isotherm with R2=0.9463 and first order kinetic with R2=0.9935. Conclusion: In current study, it was observed that the factors of pH, retention time, dose of aspergillus terreus fungi and initial cadmium concentration had a noticeable effect on the adsorption amount. with regard to the high adsorption capacity of the biomass in comparison to other adsorbents in the removal of cadmium, this biomass can be used as a good adsorbent in wastewater treatment.
R. Rezaei Malidareh; M. Shokrzadeh; B. Khasi; S. Rouhi4; F. Zaboli
Abstract
Background & objective:The processes of cooking and also washing reduce the amount of heavy metals in rice. So identify the best method of cooking and washing is essential to reduce heavy metals. The aim of this study is to evaluate the remaining cadmium and lead after cooking and washing processes ...
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Background & objective:The processes of cooking and also washing reduce the amount of heavy metals in rice. So identify the best method of cooking and washing is essential to reduce heavy metals. The aim of this study is to evaluate the remaining cadmium and lead after cooking and washing processes in Tarom rice in Qaemshahr city. Materials & Methods:Qaemshahr city was divided into five regions and of each region; three rice samples were collected, randomly. The concentration of lead and cadmium were evaluated in 75 raw rice samples, washed by water, cooked, rinsed rice and Kateh. Results were analyzed using software SPSS.18 and t-test student, Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's post hoc. Results: According to t-test Student test, amount of lead and cadmium in rice was higher than the international and Iran standards. The minimum amount of cadmium was in the rinsed rice method (0.19 ± 0.08) and lead was in the washed by water method (0.87 ± 0.3). ANOVA showed that there was a significant difference between concentrations of cadmium and lead in samples of rice in different regions (p <0.05).Duncan test also showed that the average of the amounts of cadmium and lead in raw samples had a significant difference with all samples, and residue of these metals in raw rice was more than other samples (p <0.05). Conclusion: The amount of heavy metals in studied rice samples was higher than the standard limit. The minimum amount of metals was observed in the rinsing and washing methods. As regards that contamination in planted ricesnear industrial wastewater was higher than the others, So planting rice in areas closing to the industrial factories should be prevented, and best methods for rice cooking should be trained.