Javad Torkashvand; Mahdi Farzadkia; Ahmad Jonidi Jafari; Mohsen Heidari; Ahmad Ghalkhanbaz
Abstract
Background and Aims: There are various methods for the disinfection of infectious wastes which are of great importance due to their potential health and environmental risks and there are different insights about their management in Iran. Hence, the aim of this study was to survey the various aspects ...
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Background and Aims: There are various methods for the disinfection of infectious wastes which are of great importance due to their potential health and environmental risks and there are different insights about their management in Iran. Hence, the aim of this study was to survey the various aspects of disinfection methods of infectious waste on the basis of environmental health specialist insights. Material and Methods: For performing this study, a questionnaire was prepared and the opinions of the specialists were gathered about five disinfection and disposal methods of infectious wastes, and finally the data were analyzed. Moreover, the preferences of the specialists for selecting each method were also asked based on 9 various aspects. Results: It was found that health issues received the highest priority (with 26% of desirability) from the specialists in selecting the method, while the lowest priority was assigned for financial issues (with 8% of desirability) and political acceptability (with 6% of desirability). Environmental health specialists believed that autoclaving and waste incinerating with 77.8% and 44.1% of desirability, respectively, are the most favorable and undesirable methods for disinfecting the infectious wastes. The results showed that the disinfection is a top priority for the specialists, and, with respect to current situation, they did not make any significant difference between on-site and ex-situ disinfecting methods, which is reflected in the scores of 3.65 and 3.72 for these two scenarios. Conclusion: Overall, health aspects have the most important priority in the management of infectious wastes. Therefore, autoclaving and microwaving are the most appropriate methods for the disinfection of such wastes. Landfilling and incineration were not suggested for the disposal or treatment of infectious wastes.
Golamreza Mousavi; Ahmad Allah-Abadi; Yahya Jalili Darbandi
Abstract
Background & Objectives: With the increasing trend of imports and exports in the country, the number of transport vehicles is also growing at the customs gates across the world. This causes the wastewater disinfection gates to increase in number at the borders of a country. Du to a cationic detergent ...
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Background & Objectives: With the increasing trend of imports and exports in the country, the number of transport vehicles is also growing at the customs gates across the world. This causes the wastewater disinfection gates to increase in number at the borders of a country. Du to a cationic detergent called Benzalkonium chloride, the wastewater produced in these places is not biologically treatable. Therefore, advanced oxidation methods are considered as a viable option for treating the wastewater. In aspect-oriented programming (AOP), catalytic ozonation with activated carbon is regarded as an efficient method of disinfection. The present study aimed to determine the optimal conditions of using activated carbon produced from agricultural waste and activated with NH4CL as a heterogeneous catalyst with Ozone. Methods: In this study, the chemical quality of wastewater was evaluated at the disinfection customs gate of Lotf Abad Using single and catalytic ozonation by NH4Cl-induced activated carbon obtained from agricultural waste as the base material, COD removal was performed in a 200cc continuous reactor. The studied variables were pH, catalyst concentration and the reaction time. In the catalytic ozonation, single absorption and the synergistic effect of the catalysts were also investigated. Results: According to the results of the present study, with the ozone dose of 1 mg/min of alkaline pH in 30 minutes, single ozonation was able to remove only 39.7% of COD while catalytic ozonation with 0.1 g/L of carbon catalyst concentration in the same condition removed 66.8% of COD creating a 13.6% of synergistic effect as well. Conclusion: Activated carbon with NH4CL could noticeably increase the oxidation with ozone. Thus, it could be used as a catalyst in the ozonation reactor in order to remove COD from wastewater. Paper Type: Research Article