Masoomeh Amerian
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Considering the importance of okra consumption, controlling of heavy elements’ concentration nitrate in foodstuffs is important to ensure the safety of an individual’s health. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of studying the concentration of heavy ...
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Background and Purpose: Considering the importance of okra consumption, controlling of heavy elements’ concentration nitrate in foodstuffs is important to ensure the safety of an individual’s health. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of studying the concentration of heavy metals and nitrates in greenhouse okra one of the greenhouses in Kermanshah county.Materials and Methods: Sampling was done from the okra greenhouse of Kermanshah county in three stages with a time interval of 2 weeks and with a total of 9 samples. The concentrations of heavy metals were evaluated with an atomic absorption spectrometer. To evaluate the risk of consuming vegetables for human health, the health risk index (HRI) of non-cancerous diseases was used.Results: A significant difference was observed between the three harvest dates of okra with nickel, copper, zinc, iron, cadmium, lead and nitrate, and with the increase in the growth rate of the plant and the number of harvests, the concentration of studied heavy metals and nitrate decreased. The highest amount of nickel (1.386 mgkg-1), copper (16.393 mgkg-1), zinc (54.500 mgkg-1), lead (1.880 mgkg-1), iron (105.887 mgkg-1), cadmium (0.0710 mgkg-1) and nitrate (31.000 mgkg-1) were observed in the first harvest. The concentration of all studied heavy metals, except lead, was lower than the WHO standard. HRI for non-cancerous diseases was less than one for the studied metals and nitrate. As a result, consumption of greenhouse okra in the greenhouse of Kermanshah county does not pose a problem for human healthConclusions: There is no concern about the non-carcinogenic diseases and carcinogenic risk of consuming heavy metals in okra. Therefore, for optimal management and prevention of further pollution, it is recommended to study the origin and determine the amounts of heavy metals for their potential contamination of foodstuffs from the region’s soil, water, and dust.
Mitra Mohammadi; Sepideh Ansari; Zeinab Asghari; Samaneh Najafi; Zohreh Mirzaei Niko; Elahe Khayyami
Abstract
Background and purpose: Vegetables are among the valuable foods. However, in addition to essential elements, they may contain toxins in excess of permissible concentrations, which has raised many concerns about the quality and safety of these products and human health. Therefore, the present study was ...
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Background and purpose: Vegetables are among the valuable foods. However, in addition to essential elements, they may contain toxins in excess of permissible concentrations, which has raised many concerns about the quality and safety of these products and human health. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of atmospheric pollutants of carbon dioxide, gasoline and acid rain on the resistance of basil and parsley.Materials and Methods: This factorial study was performed based on a completely randomized design with 3 replications and 54 treatments . In this study, CO2 with three concentrations of 0, 1000 and, 1800 ppm, gasoline with three conditions without adding gasoline, with ordinary gasoline and with the addition of super gasoline, and acidic solution at two levels of pH 4 and 6 were studied. It should be noted that distilled water with pH = 7 was selected as a control treatment.Results: The results showed that the concentration of 1000 ppm carbon dioxide increased plant yield by 178.63%, while its concentration up to 1800 ppm, led to the destruction of the plant in two days. It was also found that super gasoline due to the high-octane number and supplements in it has a less polluting effect (5.7%) on the plant than regular gasoline. In addition, no significant difference was observed between different concentrations of acidic solution on plant resistance. In this experiment, parsley showed more resistance to contaminants than basil.Conclusion: carbon dioxide than other pollutants and also its key role in global warming, we need effective management to promote public health and control the production sources of this gas in the atmosphere.
Sareh Nezami; Akram Fatemi
Abstract
Abstract Background and Aim:Theexcessive consumption of nitrogen fertilizers leads to the production of vegetables with high concentrations of nitrate. High nitrate concentration in crops causes a variety of diseases, especially due to the production of carcinogen nitrosamine in adults. Because of the ...
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Abstract Background and Aim:Theexcessive consumption of nitrogen fertilizers leads to the production of vegetables with high concentrations of nitrate. High nitrate concentration in crops causes a variety of diseases, especially due to the production of carcinogen nitrosamine in adults. Because of the increase in cancerous and non-cancerous diseases caused by the consumption of foods containing high nitrate, a detailed and comprehensive assessment of the state of nitrate accumulation in vegetables is required. This study was conducted to evaluate the risk of nitrate in high-consumption vegetables in Kermanshah. Materials and Methods: In this study, 120 samples of five kilograms of high-consumption vegetables were sampled in different months of each season and sent to the laboratory. Samples included tomato, cucumber, potato, onion (yellow, white, red), lettuce, celery, watercress, and spinach or beet leaves. After sample preparation and extraction, the nitrate concentration was determined by a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 410 nm. Results:The nitrate concentration in all vegetables was less than the WHO and ISRI standard limits in winter. But in the summer, the concentration of nitrate in celery, cress, and sugar beet leaves exceeded the standard limits. The hazard quotient (HQ) was less than 1 in all vegetables and both seasons. In summer, the highest HQ values were observed in cress (0.425), beet leaves (0.363), and celery (0.135), in sequence. In the winter, the highest amount of HQ was seen in cress (0.190). Conclusion:According to the HQ values (less than 1) in all vegetables, the possibility of exposure to non-carcinogenic diseases caused by nitrate from eating vegetables in this study is not serious, but it is necessary to monitor the concentration of nitrate in consumed vegetables at different intervals.
Ghasem Ranjbar; Ali Asghar Najafpoor; Ali Akbar Dehghan
Abstract
Background and Objective: The main and most important way for heavy metals to enter human body is eating food. Given that vegetables are among main food sources. For this purpose, in this study heavy metals concentrations (lead, cadmium, Arsenic and mercury) in water and wastewater used, soil and vegetables ...
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Background and Objective: The main and most important way for heavy metals to enter human body is eating food. Given that vegetables are among main food sources. For this purpose, in this study heavy metals concentrations (lead, cadmium, Arsenic and mercury) in water and wastewater used, soil and vegetables of Kashafrood margin River farms are investigated. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 54 samples of three vegetable types and 18 water and wastewater samples and 18 soil samples were taken from three farms (one control and two case farms) in two consecutive months. The case farms were selected in Kashafrood River vicinity, where flow treatment plants municipal sewage and wastewater in Mashhad city. After preparation, samples acid digestion action was performed according to standard methods (3030 F Standard Method for water and vegetables – 3050 B EPA for soil). Atomic absorption device (spectrometry) was used to determine the concentration of heavy metals in samples and SPSS and Excel software were used to analyze the data. Finally, the information obtained was compared with national and international standards. Results: The mean concentrations of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury) in water, soil and vegetable samples were different and varied in time and place. Among the selected vegetables, dill samples, among farms, farm 2 and among months June illustrated most polluted one, and of the heavy metals in the samples, lead had highest concentrations. Conclusion: Heavy metal concentrations in soil and water samples were within national and international standard range, while concentrations of these metals in some vegetable samples exceeded national and international levels, which may be due to other factors, however, the use of standard effluent for agricultural irrigation requires control measures and the performance of relevant machinery duties. Keywords: Vegetables, Kashafrood, Heavy Metals