Fatemeh Sahraei; Ali Shojaei; Zahra Aghababaei; Zahra Hashemi; Mohammad javad Shokoohizadeh; Mahdi Khodabakhshi; Samira Khamutian
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Drinking water the primary source of fluoride essential for bodily requirements. Its appropriate concentration health as a preventive measure against caries. Consequently, this study aims to ascertain the spatiotemporal variations in fluoride concentration within the drinking ...
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Background and Purpose: Drinking water the primary source of fluoride essential for bodily requirements. Its appropriate concentration health as a preventive measure against caries. Consequently, this study aims to ascertain the spatiotemporal variations in fluoride concentration within the drinking water of Hamadan province through the utilization of a Geographic Information System (GIS).Materials and Methods: The present research is a descriptive-analytical investigation conducted across nine cities within Hamadan province in 2019.Data about the fluoride on concentrations in the drinking water of Hamadan province were obtained from the Health Vice-Chancellor of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. ArcGIS version 10/.8 software was employed to elucidate the spatial and temporal fluctuations in fluoride ion concentration, while SPSS version 16 software was utilized for data. analysis. A significance level of 0.05 was considered across all tests.Results: The study findings revealed that the highest annual fluoride concentration was observed in Kabudarahang city (0.98 ± 0.38 mg/l), whereas the lowest annual average was recorded in Tuyserkan city (0.58 ± 0.35 mg/l). Overall, the mean fluoride concentration in the latter half of the year (0.77 ± 0.42 mg/liter) was slightly higher than in the first half of the year (0.71 ± 0.43 mg/liter). Nevertheless, this discrepancy did not reach statistical significance (p>0.05). Conclusion: The outcomes of this investigation demonstrate that, on the whole, the average fluoride concentration throughout all regions of Hamadan province falls within the optimal range thereby averting potential risks associated with excessive or substandard fluoride levels for consumers.
Maryam Charmzan; Reza Esmaili; Mitra Mohammadi; Vahid Moradnezadhesare
Abstract
AbstractBackground and Aim:Air pollution is one of the most important environmental problems in the last century that threatens human health and particulate matter is one of the deadliest types of air pollution.This study was done to choose the best interpolation algorithm in the spatial distribution ...
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AbstractBackground and Aim:Air pollution is one of the most important environmental problems in the last century that threatens human health and particulate matter is one of the deadliest types of air pollution.This study was done to choose the best interpolation algorithm in the spatial distribution of PM2.5 suspended particles in Mashhad in 1395by different spatial models.Material and Methods: PM2.5 particulate concentrations was collected from 21 active air quality measuring stations in different parts of Mashhad and IDW, Ordinary Kriging (OK) and Universal Kriging (UK) interpolation models were evaluated to spatially investigate the air pollution situation in Mashhad. The root mean square error (RMSE) was used to compare the models and select the best model, and the Standardized RMSE was used to choose the most optimal conditions for running the OK and UK models.Results: The results showed that the highest seasonal average of PM2.5 pollutants in 1395 was related to autumn (40.84 µg/m3) and the lowest was related to spring (27.78 µg/m3). Also, the east to north area of Mashhad is in a more unfavorable situation in pollution concentration than the western areas of the city. Comparison of models using RMSE index also showed that OK model due to having the lowest amount of RMSE for seasonal average and annual concentration of suspended particles PM2.5 has a lower error in the predicted values than the measurement, so it has better conditions for intermediation.Conclusion: This research eventually led to the production of maps of PM2.5 Pollutants situation in the whole city of Mashhad, which is very useful in order to identify high-risk areas in the city and use useful measures to reduce air pollution in those areas.
Amir Zareei; Vahid Kakapour; Jahangir Abedi Koupai; Reza Ramezani; Sadegh Talebi; Azadeh Nekouei esfahani; Sirvan Zareei
Abstract
Background and Aim: Waste production is a natural consequence of human life and mismanagement of solid waste can result in environmental hazards. Determination of an appropriate location to sanitary landfill site is one of the most common ways to deal with this crisis. The purpose of this research is ...
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Background and Aim: Waste production is a natural consequence of human life and mismanagement of solid waste can result in environmental hazards. Determination of an appropriate location to sanitary landfill site is one of the most common ways to deal with this crisis. The purpose of this research is to find an appropriate location for landfill site in Qorveh city due to its specific location in terms of agriculture and mining. Materials and methods: The research method in this study was descriptive, analytical and quantitative. In order to locate the landfill, firstly effective information layers in landfill site study (land use layer, rivers, roads, conservation areas, soils, groundwater, morphology, …) were identified and developed using the collected data from organizations and information centers. Finally,(GIS), (AHP) and (WLC) were used to integrate the maps. Results: The Analytical Hierarchy Process is one of the most efficient techniques designed for multi-criteria decision making, as it enables the formulation of complex problems. Due to limitations, appropriate landfill site options were identified using GIS and used as input data for the hierarchical analysis process. Distance from population centers (towns and villages), distance from surface and groundwater sources are the most important indicators. Conclusion: By combining two methods of multivariate Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) and Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP) model, the most priority areas were determined with concentration on distance from population centers (towns and villages), distance from surface and groundwater resources,. After extracting the criteria information layers from the maps and prioritizing the 4-storey location ranges, it became clear that the northern direction of Qorveh city with an area of 210 hectares is the most suitable area for sanitary landfill of solid wastes.
Naser Rahimi; Masoud hamerezaee
Abstract
Background & Aims: Rivers are one of the most important water resources that play an important role to supply water requirements of different activities. and we able to make decisions about their application with their quality monitoring. This study was done to evaluate the right branch of ...
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Background & Aims: Rivers are one of the most important water resources that play an important role to supply water requirements of different activities. and we able to make decisions about their application with their quality monitoring. This study was done to evaluate the right branch of Sarugh River quality using National Sanitation Foundation developed the Water Quality Index (NSFWQI) and zoning obtained by geographic information system (GIS). Materials & Methods:In this cross sectional study, standard field parameters including dissolved oxygen, temperature, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand, Most Probable Number of Coliforms, Fecal Coliform, Turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Solids, pH, Conductivity and others were measured at five different stations of right branch of Sarugh Tekab during the spring and summer in 2016. Sampling points were selected based on their importance. Water quality index was calculated using water quality index calculator based on National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) information system. Results:The highest value of NSFWQI of the samples was 85 in A station in April while the lowest value was 55 in E station in May. Based on NSFWQI categories, water quality in A station was found in good category, and in other stations, were found within Moderate. Decreasing value of Water Quality Index (WQI) may be attributed to the high values of BOD and Fecal Coliform number in the stations of water. Conclusion:Study results showed good water quality for A station that is suitable for various applications. In addition based on the results, it is expected to be provided valuable information in connection with the use of water bodies by the local people of the study region.
Majid Mirzabeygi; Abbas Abbasnia; Mojtaba sajadi; Javad Salimi; Mojtaba sajadi; Esmail harasi; Amir Hossein Mahvi
Abstract
Background & Objective: Having an access to safe drinking water, which is considered as one of the health indicators by World Health Organization (WHO), has great importance for relevant authorities of different communities. Thus this study aimed to determine amounts of heavy metals and compare them ...
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Background & Objective: Having an access to safe drinking water, which is considered as one of the health indicators by World Health Organization (WHO), has great importance for relevant authorities of different communities. Thus this study aimed to determine amounts of heavy metals and compare them with national and international standards. Materials & Methods: In this cross sectional study, drinking water samples were taken from 41 main drinking water supplies in villages of Torbat-e Heydariyeh city according to the standard method and transferred to the laboratory. These samples were analyzed by mean of atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AA240FS).Finally, obtained data were analyzed using Arc-GIS (v. 10.3) and excel (v.2010) softwares. Results: The attained results revealed that the mean concentrations of metals including Cadmium, lead and Chromium were (0.59±0.17), (1.8±1.7) and (33.5±33.4) mg/l, respectively, in drinking water wells of rural regions of Torbat-e Heydariyeh . These amounts were in optimal ranges. While chromium concentrations were more than recommended permissible levels of WHO and national standards in 11 villages. Conclusion: The mean concentrations of measured metals were lower than the recommended permissible levels by WHO in more cases of considered wells in villages of Torbat-e Heydarieh=. However, forregions in which the concentrations of heavy metals do not meet the standards, a comprehensive study is recommended to determine the heavy metal-related diseases in dry and wet seasons.