Hossein Alidadi; Seyedeh Blin Tavakoli Sani; Batoul Zarif gharaati oftadeh; Mohammad Tafaghodi; Seyed Hossein Shams Zadeh; Maryam Fakhari; Ali Asghar Navaei Fezabady; Mohsen Yazdani
Abstract
Background and objectives: Corrosion and Scaling in distribution network pipes is one of the most important indices in water quality evaluation and one of the most common environmental phenomena that deteriorate water quality, color, odor, taste and also increases the concentration of heavy metals in ...
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Background and objectives: Corrosion and Scaling in distribution network pipes is one of the most important indices in water quality evaluation and one of the most common environmental phenomena that deteriorate water quality, color, odor, taste and also increases the concentration of heavy metals in water. Corrosion causes entry of bye-products to water and decreases pipe life and sedimentation, reduces the flow rate and the efficiency of valves and fittings. The purpose of this study was to determine the corrosion or Scaling state of drinking water in Mashhad in 2017. Material and methods: In this study, 72 samples were taken during 2017 to evaluate water quality characteristics, and analyzed based on the standard methods. Then, three indices including Langlier, Ryznar and Aggressiveness Indices were programmed in Excel software and based on this, Corrosion and scaling potential of drinking water were determined. Results: Results showed that the averages of Langlier, Ryznar and Aggressiveness Indices for water were 0.14±0.48, 6.67±0.38 and 12.23±0.23, respectively. According to the Langlier and Ryznar indices, 86.1% of total samples had low scaling potential and according to Aggressive index 97.2% of total samples had scaling. Also, the results showed that 58.33% of the samples were low scaling in spring and other samples were high scaling. In addition, in the summer, 33.3% of the total samples were high scaling and other samples were low scaling. Conclusion: The results showed that drinking water of Mashhad city was Scaling. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures to control scaling in distribution network pipes, especially in areas located in high scaling zones.
Mohammad Reza Samarghandi; Ramin Khoshniyat; Ali Reza Rahmani; Ghodratollah Roshanaei; Ali Poormohammadi; Keyvan Saedpanah
Abstract
Introduction & Objective: Nowadays, the electronic devices are being used in our living environments and workplaces. The effect of magnetic fields from electronic devices on the microorganism has been taken into special consideration. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of magnetic fields ...
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Introduction & Objective: Nowadays, the electronic devices are being used in our living environments and workplaces. The effect of magnetic fields from electronic devices on the microorganism has been taken into special consideration. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of magnetic fields on the microorganism exiting in water. Material & Methods: In this study two solenoid with 250 standard coil connected to a power source were used. So, a magnetic field (intensity of 100,200 and 300 mT) was created. The effect of magnetic fields was investigated in laboratory condition on temperature, pH, turbidity, total coliforms, focal coliforms and heterotrophic bacteria plate count of water samples. Also the effect of the time passed (10,20,30,40 and 50 mintues) on the cases and control samples was surveyed. Results:Results showed that the use of magnetic fields cause a significant increase in MPN/100 ml, coliform, total coliform and heterotrophic bacteria plate count in experimental samples in comparison with the control samples. Also, in most samples, this increase was more effective in 100 mT. According to the results, a slight increase was observed in temperature, pH and turbidity of samples under the influence of applied magnetic field. Conclusion: The main results obtained in this study indicated that the magnetic fields lead to an increase inMPN/100 ml, coliform, total coliform and heterotrophic bacteria plate count. In contrast, the results did not confirm the effect of magnetic fields on temperature, pH and turbidity of the water solution.