Mansour Ahmadi Pirlou; Tarahom Mesri Gundoshmian
Abstract
Abstract Background and Aim: Increasing energy consumption has created an energy crisis in the world. Fossil fuels are limited and depleting. Biogas is considered a fuel that has attracted the attention of researchers. To increase biogas production, different pretreatments have been utilized. The purpose ...
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Abstract Background and Aim: Increasing energy consumption has created an energy crisis in the world. Fossil fuels are limited and depleting. Biogas is considered a fuel that has attracted the attention of researchers. To increase biogas production, different pretreatments have been utilized. The purpose of this study was to investigate the optimal mixing ratio of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and Sewage Sludge (SS), as well as the effects of various conditions of alkaline pretreatment on biodegradability of wastes and the amount of biomethane production. Materials and Methods: This study was done in a laboratory digester with 1 L volume at 37 °C with different concentrations of NaOH in a completely randomized design. Biogas volume, methane volume, and changes in pH were measured daily. Measurement parameters in the anaerobic digestion including total solids, volatile solids, and carbon and nitrogen content in the feedstock were determined according to the APHA standard methods. Results: The optimal mixing ratio of MSW to SS was 60:40 with the highest methane yield of 254.87 mL/g VS. Next, the effects of 2, 6, and 10% NaOH concentrations were evaluated on the amount of gas produced, indicating that 6% NaOH concentration significantly improved waste decomposition. Methane production, VS, and TS removal were compared to the control treatment, and there were increases of 30, 27.94, and 27.25%, respectively. Conclusion:The results showed that the mixing ratio of MSW to SS at 60:40 with 6% NaOH improves the decomposition of organic wastes and increases biomethane production. Keywords: Alkaline Pretreatment; Anaerobic Digestion; Biogas; Municipal Solid Waste; Sewage Sludge
Shahram Sadeghi; Behzad Shahmoradi; Nammam Ali Azadi; Kazhal Karami; Mona Ghaslani; Mona Karami Cheshmeh Zangi; Bayan Hossienzadeh
Abstract
Background and Aim: One of the main resources of methane emissions is waste disposal buried in landfill sites. To control the negative effects of methane emission on Ozone layer known as greenhouse effect, the routine is to capture methane and use it as an energy resource. The objective of this study ...
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Background and Aim: One of the main resources of methane emissions is waste disposal buried in landfill sites. To control the negative effects of methane emission on Ozone layer known as greenhouse effect, the routine is to capture methane and use it as an energy resource. The objective of this study was to assess the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the Saqqez municipal solid wastes and to estimate the potential methane gas emission from the city’s landfills using LandGEM software over 2015-2034. Materials and methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the amount of solid wastes, the population of Saqqez city, and the characteristics of municipal solid waste landfills were used to estimate the methane gas emission using LandGEM software. Initial population and the population growth of Saqqez were obtained from the last census of 2012. Results: The amount of annual waste was 62050 tons with methane emissions of 32m3/h in 2016. It is estimated that this amount to increase to 108805 tons with methane emissions of 2203m3/h in 2034. Conclusion: In summary, the results of this study can assist city managers to prepare the appropriate actions to control and manage methane emissions to reduce its negative effects especially on environment.
Vahid Jabari; Alireza Safari; Alireza Ranaei
Abstract
Background and objective: In 1393, the daily average of waste produced in Qazvin was 300 tons that Per capita waste generation is 680 grams per person per day. To control these wastes, methods including composting, landfill and waste-to-energy conversion should be applied. The most common method of converting ...
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Background and objective: In 1393, the daily average of waste produced in Qazvin was 300 tons that Per capita waste generation is 680 grams per person per day. To control these wastes, methods including composting, landfill and waste-to-energy conversion should be applied. The most common method of converting waste to energy incineration is done in the power plant. According to the World Bank, to build a waste incineration plant for burning waste without using additional fuel. The calorific value must be at least 7 Mj/kg and not less than 6 Mj/kg .Also the weekly fluctuations should be less than 20%. Materials & Methods: In this study the samples of mixed wastes were taken to determine the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the mixed wastes for one year. The samples were collected during one year. (Saturday, Monday and Thursday of each week) each time 5 samples were taken. To determine the characteristics of the output waste from processing facilities. Analysis of moisture, combustible materials and ash content, heating value were done according to standard criteria. Results: The results showed that the calorific value of Urban mixed waste of Qazvin is 6.133 Mj / Kg. The percentage of moisture was 50.3%, the ash 30.1% and the combustible materials 27. 9% .The calorific value wastes output of processing facilities was 11.8 Mj / Kg. Conclusion:The waste output of processing facilities is more adaptable with Tanner pattern. Due to the high calorific value wastes output from processing facilities and its low moisture content. The Refuse derived fuel facility should be applied for waste management in Qazvin.