Mohammad Ali Zazouli; Alireza Ala; Rostam Mozhdeh
Abstract
Background and purpose: The garbage economy is now expanding as a kind of hidden and informal economy and obviously has its causes and consequences. Given the importance of this huge portion of working capital, this study evaluates the economic performance of the centers. Solid waste recycling is discussed. ...
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Background and purpose: The garbage economy is now expanding as a kind of hidden and informal economy and obviously has its causes and consequences. Given the importance of this huge portion of working capital, this study evaluates the economic performance of the centers. Solid waste recycling is discussed. Materials and Methods: This research is a cross-sectional descriptive study. In this study, the process of economic performance assessment of solid waste recycling centers in Jouybar and Qaemshahr towns in 2018 was studied with 90 randomly selected workshops. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 24. Results: This study shows that 60,700 kg of waste is pumped into recycling plants daily. 1% of all workshops have a productivity of less than 100 kg, 20% of all workshops have a productivity of between 100-300 kg, 39% of all workshops have a productivity of between 300-500 kg and 40% of All workshops have a production volume exceeding 500 kg. The value of manufactured products used as raw materials of factories According to Rial calculations in 2018 is about 912765000 Rials daily, without economical saving in disposal costs. Conclusion: The high potential of income generated by the activity of segregation and waste collection is significant in the riverside and upstream cities. Considering the hygiene at the source, in addition to high economic income and savings in waste disposal, entrepreneurship and employment Also provided a lot.
Mohammad Ali Zazooli; Jamshid Yazdani; Mohsen Khanbabaee
Abstract
Background and purpose:The bulk of the waste of our country is considered to be corrupt.Compost is the best option for managing this waste component.That's why a lot of compost industries have been built in the country.Produced fertilizer compost should be in accordance with standards,so that it can ...
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Background and purpose:The bulk of the waste of our country is considered to be corrupt.Compost is the best option for managing this waste component.That's why a lot of compost industries have been built in the country.Produced fertilizer compost should be in accordance with standards,so that it can be used to improve soil quality;Therefore,the purpose of this study was to study the physical,chemical and biological properties of compost manure produced by compost industries in Mazandaran,Golestan and Guilan provinces in 2016 and compare them with standards. Materials and methods:This study is a descriptive-analytic study.Sampling and analysis of physical,chemical and biological parameters; Once a month during the 3 months of spring.Data were analyzed using SPSS16 statistical software. Results:The results showed that pH, particulate matter, phosphorus,percentage of foreign matter and heavy metals in Babol,Rasht and Aq Qala samplers were lower than standard standards of Iran,WHO and Guttos theory.In terms of moisture and C/N it is compost grade 2.For example,in terms of carbon dioxide,organic matter and nitrogen are in the compass grade I and Iran's Gotthes theory and are acceptable.In terms of fecal coliforms and Salmonella in Class A, it is considered to be in Class B leech seed. Conclusion:This study showed that the quality of compost produced is in grade 2 and therefore, in order to achieve grade 1 compost,measures such as separation at source and more principled utilization of the fertilization process are needed.
Sanaz Esmaeilizadeh; Hasan Taghipour
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Various factors are involved in proper waste management. One of the most important and effective components is the scientific and specialized capability of experts and managers working in the waste management field. This research was conducted to investigate the education level ...
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Background and Purpose: Various factors are involved in proper waste management. One of the most important and effective components is the scientific and specialized capability of experts and managers working in the waste management field. This research was conducted to investigate the education level and specialty of managers and experts of waste management in cities of Iran. Materials and Methods: In order to conduct this research, a special checklist was developed and sent to waste management organizations in 31 provinces of Iran in an official letter. Data were collected from 15 waste management organizations of different provinces of Iran and they were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The research results revealed that there are about 29 unrelated fields of education, 6 semi-related fields of education, and 2 completely related fields of education) including environmental health engineering and environmental engineering( at various positions in waste management organizations. Only 8.14% of managers and experts had a specialty in completely related fields of study and 33.22% of them were graduates of semi-related fields of study and 58.64% of them graduates of completely unrelated fields of study, working in waste management organizations in the studied provinces. Conclusion: Based on the research results and also Clause 28 of Waste Management Legislation, reviewing and modifying the process of personnel recruitment and using managers and experts with a relevant specialty in waste management organizations as one of the most effective factors in enhancing the current undesirable condition of waste management seems to be essential.
Elahe Rezaie; Mahdi Sadeghi; Ghodratollah Shams Khoramabadi
Abstract
Background and objective: One of the major environmental problems of municipal landfill is leachate. Electrochemical methods are considered for the treatment of leachate. This study aimed at the treatment of landfill leachate electrochemical method using a platinum electrode and graphite based on a laboratory ...
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Background and objective: One of the major environmental problems of municipal landfill is leachate. Electrochemical methods are considered for the treatment of leachate. This study aimed at the treatment of landfill leachate electrochemical method using a platinum electrode and graphite based on a laboratory scale. Materials & Methods: In this study, the equipment for electrochemical reactor included an anode electrode made of platinum and a cathode electrode made of graphite. Chromium and organic matter removal percentage in the electric current density range of 1, 2, 3, 4 A and reaction time of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 hours were surveyed. Results: The results showed that electrical coagulation process can increase removal of organic matter and heavy metals and by increasing the time the removal of COD and BOD and chromium will increase. Meanwhile, the rate of degradation wills elevates. By increasing the intensity of electric current, the time required to achieve the same removal efficiency is reduced and by reducing the amount of electrical current, the required time increases. Conclusion:The results indicated that electrochemical process, by using a platinum electrode and graphite is a method for treating wastewater containing heavy metals, BOD and COD .Elerochemical process as a pre-treatment process can remove organic matters, heavy metals. It also reduces the organic load and increases the degradation of sewage. The method can be used as an effective option for the treatment of sewage, prevention of environmental pollution, and protection of water supplies.