Sima Zamand; Hossein Alidadi; Vahid Taghavimanesh
Abstract
Background: Fluoride is one of the 14 essential elements for organisms’ lives. Since the body's greatest need for fluoride should be supplied through drinking water, determination of the amount of fluoride in drinking water has great importance. The aim of this study was to measure the ...
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Background: Fluoride is one of the 14 essential elements for organisms’ lives. Since the body's greatest need for fluoride should be supplied through drinking water, determination of the amount of fluoride in drinking water has great importance. The aim of this study was to measure the concentrations of fluoride in sources of drinking water in urban and rural areas of Neyshabur in 2017 and compare it with existing standards.
Materials and Methods:This descriptive cross-sectional was conducted on urban and rural drinking water sources in Neyshabur in 2017. A total of 100 water samples were randomly collected from different sources in Neyshabur. The collected samples were then transferred to the Neyshabur Water and Wastewater Laboratory and the proportion of fluoride ion was measuredusing a spectrophotometer DR 2000 at 580 nm.
Results:The average concentration of fluoride in rural resources was obtained0.567± 0.12 mg/lin wells and 0.69 ± 0.13 mg/lin springs. The average concentration of fluoride in plain areas (0.662 ± 0.14 mg/l) was higher than mountainous areas (0.505 ± 0. 2 mg / l). The average concentrations of fluoride in urban wells, in urban reservoirs and in the water distribution networkwere (0.602 ± 0.034 mg / l),(0.597 ± 0.030 mg / L) and (0.595±0.039 mg /l) respectively.
Conclusion:The average concentration of fluoride in some water sources was lower than the standard level.Therefore, more study is needed to evaluate the daily fluoride intake in a variety of methods, and if the fluoride intake is less than standard level, adjustment of fluoride in water sources will benecessary for dental health.
Ali akbar Mohammadi; Hossein Alidadi; Mohammad Bagher Delkhosh; Seyede Horriey Fallah; Abdoliman Amouei; Hosseinali Asgharnia; Vahid Taghavi manesh; Monireh Ghorbani
Abstract
Background and purpose: Exposure to the environmental noise originated from traffic is common in urban areas, and can lead to the adverse health effects. Present study aimed to determine average Sound Level Index (SLI) and noise pollution in overcrowded areas of Neyshabur, Iran. Materials and methods: ...
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Background and purpose: Exposure to the environmental noise originated from traffic is common in urban areas, and can lead to the adverse health effects. Present study aimed to determine average Sound Level Index (SLI) and noise pollution in overcrowded areas of Neyshabur, Iran. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was accomplished over three primary months of 2015 in Neyshabour city. Six stations in main and crowded parts of Neyshabour including Imam Khomeini, Enghelab Square, Khayyam Square, Azadi Square, Beasat crossroad and Attar Street were applied to measure the SLA in three time period of a day. The measurements were carried out using SVAN953 mean. Statistical analyses of the obtained data were performed by SPSS 18 software. Results: The achieved results revealed that the average SLI at the aforementioned stations were (100.06 ±5.16), (93.38 ± 5.15), (86.58 ± 4.96), (93.38 ± 5.15), (97.38 ± 4.15) and (96.90 ± 2.17) dB respectively. The maximum and minimum Equivalent sound levels were 125.4 and 80.2 dB at the Imam Khomeini station (as a commercial area) in the morning and Beasat station (as a residential area) in the evening correspondingly. Conclusion: In all stations, the measured sound pressure levels were higher than its permission limit for residential and commercial areas. Regarding the adverse health effects of noise pollution, it needs to perform required investigations to reveal the effective factors.