Sadegh Hosseinniaee; Mohammad Jafari; Ali Tavili; Salman Zare
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Public concern over the effects of environmental pollutants on human health has intensified, prompting heightened scrutiny of toxic substances in human and animal diets over recent decades. This study aims to assess the impact of municipal waste compost on diminishing lead (Pb) ...
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Background and Purpose: Public concern over the effects of environmental pollutants on human health has intensified, prompting heightened scrutiny of toxic substances in human and animal diets over recent decades. This study aims to assess the impact of municipal waste compost on diminishing lead (Pb) concentrations in the diets and organs of grazing ruminants. Materials and Methods: In a controlled greenhouse experiment, compost was incorporated into naturally Pb-contaminated soil at four concentrations: 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5% (w/w). Stipa arabica plants were cultivated over six months. Subsequently, the Pb content in soil and plants was measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The daily Pb intake by cattle and sheep and its accumulation in their organs were then calculated using food chain models. These findings were evaluated against EU standards for animal product quality, focusing on animal health and human food safety. Results: The study identified the 1% compost addition as the most effective concentration, reducing Pb intake by 65% in cows and 60% in sheep, aligning with permissible health standards. Lead accumulation in the organs followed the pattern of kidneys > liver > muscle tissue, with a 64.77% decrease observed upon compost application. The Pb levels in all tested organs were lowered to safe thresholds concerning animal health. Moreover, Pb concentrations in meat fell below the standard limits, ensuring food safety for human consumption. Conclusion: Municipal waste compost, as an organic amendment, can significantly lower lead concentrations in the diets and tissues of grazing animals, ensuring levels remain within acceptable limits.
Akram Ghorbani; Mohammad javad Alipoor; Mohammad Ghafoori
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Distribution of heavy metals in all types of sediments is one of the important and new topics in environmental sedimentology. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the amount of factor pollution, concentration of cadmium and lead metals, geochemical accumulation ...
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Background and Purpose: Distribution of heavy metals in all types of sediments is one of the important and new topics in environmental sedimentology. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the amount of factor pollution, concentration of cadmium and lead metals, geochemical accumulation index and ecological risk category in the soil downstream of Taibad Landfill.materials and methods: 15 stations were selected at a distance of 100 meters from each other and along the waterway exiting the site from a distance of 100 to 1500 meters. After sampling 5 samples and repeating 3 times from each station, the samples were taken to the laboratory for analysis.Results: In stations 2 and 6, because the pollution factors (CF) are between 1 and 3, the level of pollution in these stations is average, in station 10 it is very high, and for the rest of the stations, because the pollution factors are between 3 and 6, the level of pollution is high. For cadmium metal, the pollution factor (CF) in all stations is between 3 and 6 and the pollution is high. Based on the results, the amount of lead and cadmium metals in the risk category They are ecologically average.Conclusion: The amount of lead metal pollution in station 2 and 6 is moderate, station 3 is very high and in other stations it is high. Cadmium metal contamination was reported in all stations. Both metals are in the medium category in terms of ecological risk.The concentration mentioned metals in the soil downstream of the landfill is significantly higher than the global soil average and the earth's crust. It seems that this pollution is caused by the landfill, which was spread to the downstream lands by seasonal runoff
Alireza Mirzahosseini; Fatemeh Ebrahimi; Nabiollah Mansouri
Abstract
Background and purpose: Industrial development, on one hand, creates harmful chemical products and industrial waste, including heavy metals. On the other hand, it increases energy consumption and leads to the release of atmospheric pollutants, causing environmental pollution. Bandar Abbas, compared to ...
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Background and purpose: Industrial development, on one hand, creates harmful chemical products and industrial waste, including heavy metals. On the other hand, it increases energy consumption and leads to the release of atmospheric pollutants, causing environmental pollution. Bandar Abbas, compared to other areas of Hormozgan province, has a high concentration of industries. Therefore, it is necessary to study the pollution caused by these industries in the region's environment. The general purpose of this study is to investigate the amount of heavy metals associated with industrial activity.Materials and Methods: Ambient air sampling was conducted at seven locations in the region during winter and spring (2020). The sampling and preparation methods were based on EPA and NIOSH Standards. Sampling was performed using a High-Volume pump with a flow rate of 1.7 cubic meters per minute for a duration of 24 hours. The sampling device was installed at a height of 3 meters above the ground. The heavy metals in the collected samples were measured using the Varian Z220 atomic absorption spectrometer with the furnace technique. Circular fiberglass filters with a diameter of 47 mm were used for environmental sampling.Results: Based on the analysis of air particles, the concentration of heavy metals showed a decreasing trend as follows: V < Cd < Fe < Pb. The average concentrations of these elements were 0.0006, 0.0060, 0.0061, and 0.339 micrograms per cubic meter, respectively. With the exception of lead, the average concentration of these metals exceeded the limit value.Conclusion: The amount of suspended particles at all sampling locations exceeded the environmental standards. Additionally, except for vanadium, the average concentration of metals in the samples from residential areas was below the limit value.
Masoomeh Koohi; Atefeh Chamani
Abstract
Background and Purpose: The Zayandeh-Rud River is the sole permanent river in the central plateau of Iran. This river has been extensively exposed to sewage and effluent discharge from various point and non-point sources of pollution. Consequently, the sediment quality of the Zayandeh-Rud River was investigated.Materials ...
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Background and Purpose: The Zayandeh-Rud River is the sole permanent river in the central plateau of Iran. This river has been extensively exposed to sewage and effluent discharge from various point and non-point sources of pollution. Consequently, the sediment quality of the Zayandeh-Rud River was investigated.Materials and methods: Sediment sampling was conducted in triplicates at six stations along the Zayandeh-Rud River during the spring, summer, autumn, and winter of 2019-2020. The concentrations of lead and cadmium were then determined. Subsequently, the bioaccumulation factor, Müller's geochemical index, contamination factor, contamination degree, modified contamination degree, potential ecological risk index, and pollution load index were calculated.Results: The results indicated that the mean concentrations of cadmium in spring, summer, autumn, and winter were 1.18, 1.13, 1.08, and 0.54 mg/kg, respectively. Additionally, the mean concentration of lead was 26.13, 23.04, 23.96, and 11.17 mg/kg, respectively. The ecological risk assessment index revealed that the region was at a moderate ecological risk during spring, summer, and autumn, while during winter, it was at a low ecological risk.Conclusion: A comparison between the mean metal concentrations and the Canadian sediment quality standard values for fresh waters demonstrated that the lead concentration in sediments is lower than the standard value, whereas cadmium exceeds the standard value. These results highlight the pollution status of the river, which is the primary source of freshwater in the central plateau of Iran. Moreover, this study can serve as a basis for implementing policies to mitigate the accumulation of heavy metals in aquatic ecosystems.
Somayeh Sefidgar Shahkolaie; Mojtaba Barani Motlaq; Farhad Khormali; Esmael Dordipour
Abstract
Background and purpose: Increasing agricultural activities and subsequently releasing pollutants from agricultural systems as well as expanding industries cause heavy metals (lead and cadmium) to enter the environment. Application of amendments are suitable methods for the inactivation of heavy metals ...
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Background and purpose: Increasing agricultural activities and subsequently releasing pollutants from agricultural systems as well as expanding industries cause heavy metals (lead and cadmium) to enter the environment. Application of amendments are suitable methods for the inactivation of heavy metals in contaminated soils. Materials and methods: In order to study the effect of organic amendments (bichar 640 and 420) and inorganic amendments (zeolite, bentonite, leca and pumice) on bioavailability of Pb and Cd during incubation time in a calcareous soil, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 3 levels of amendments application in soil (0, 1 and 5 %) in three replications. Bioavailability of Pb and Cd in soil was determined using DTPA and EDTA- extractable during 90- and 180-days incubation time. Results: Results showed that concentration of DTPA-extractable Pb and Cd increased during the time. Application of biochar 640, bentonite and zeolite (5%) decreased concentration of EDTA-extractable Pb during the incubation time. Application of biochar (1%) were the most effective treatment in decreasing Pb concentration EDTA-exchangeable. Application of the organic amendments (biochar 640 and biochar 420) and inorganic amendments (pumice, leca bentonite, and zeolite) increased concentration of EDTA-extractable Cd during the incubation time. Application of 5% of zeolite showed the lowest increasing concentration of EDTA-extractable Cd during the incubation time. Conclusion: Organic amendments were more efficient in immobilization of Cd and Pb than the inorganic amendments. These results might due to the high amount of organic carbon and cation exchange capacity of the organic amendments than the inorganic amendments.
Parisa Dadkhah; Atefeh Chamani; Samar Mortazavi
Abstract
Background and aim:With the development of coastal industries and cities, aquatic ecosystems and organisms are exposed to contaminants, especially heavy metals. Heavy metals accumulate in aquatic tissues and eventually enter the food chain and human body. The aim of this study was to investigate the ...
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Background and aim:With the development of coastal industries and cities, aquatic ecosystems and organisms are exposed to contaminants, especially heavy metals. Heavy metals accumulate in aquatic tissues and eventually enter the food chain and human body. The aim of this study was to investigate the concentrations of lead, cadmium and zinc in muscle of two fish species (Cicharhinuslimbatus) and (Epinepheluscoioides) from the Persian Gulf.
Materials and Methods:For this purpose, 15 samples of muscle were takenfrom each fish, and by wet digestion method, the concentration of Lead, Cadmium and Zinc were measured by atomic absorption device. Statistical analysis of the obtained results was carried out by SPSS software (v.20) using Shapiro-Wilk, One Sample T-Test and Binomial Test.
Results:According to the results, the mean concentrations of lead, zinc and cadmium were 5.55, 8.40, 0.22 mg/kg and 9.14, 13.54, 0.27 mg/kg, in Cicharhinuslimbatus and Epinepheluscoioides respectively. The mean concentration of lead in both fisheswashigher than the WHO standard. The HI index for Cicharhinuslimbatus and Epinepheluscoioides is less than 1.
Conclusion: With respect to the obtained results, the absorption of these metals does not threaten consumers. However, the proportions of condition factor for Cicharhinuslimbatus and Epinepheluscoioides are not within the standard range and indicate the inappropriate conditions of this habitat for aquatic health and environmental stresses.
Sepideh Yeganeh Shali; Ghasem Rahimi; Leila Jahanban; Salahedin Moradi; Eisa Ebrahimi
Abstract
Background and Aim: In recent decades, industrial, agricultural and urban activities have led to pollution and accumulation of heavy metals in soils and plants which directly or indirectly affects humans and animals lives. Nowadays, pollutant accumulation in most agricultural products is much higher ...
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Background and Aim: In recent decades, industrial, agricultural and urban activities have led to pollution and accumulation of heavy metals in soils and plants which directly or indirectly affects humans and animals lives. Nowadays, pollutant accumulation in most agricultural products is much higher than the permissible limit due to the excessive use of fertilizers. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the accumulated proportions of heavy metals such as copper, lead and cadmium in different tissues of laboratory rat.
Materials and Methods: In this study, the accumulation and distribution of heavy metals were investigated in different organs of rats under various nutritional conditions. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with greenhouse strawberry treatments in three groups.Different groups of rats (27 rats) were fed strawberries infected with heavy metals by oral gavage within a three-month period.
Regarding the average weight of rats, 0.5 gram of fresh strawberry was considered for each rat. In addition, heavy metals solution including cadmium (15.773 mg / l), lead (41.560 mg / l) and copper (9.445 mg / l) were exerted to the plant. In the next stage of procedure, heavy metals (cadmium, copper and lead) accumulated in different organs of the rats (kidney, liver, pancreas, Testicle, spleen, and brain) were measured.
Results: Results showed that the concentrations of studied heavy metals in the strawberries were 7.7, 26 and 3.2 mg/kg for cadmium, lead and copper respectively, which were higher than Iranian standard level. The statistical results showed that there was a significant difference between the different organs in the intake of the heavy metals, so that in the infected treatment, the most and lowest amounts of cadmium were in the kidney (0.41 g / day) and the brain (0.24 g / day), respectively. Heavy metals caused reduction in the rate of weight gain of rats. The accumulation of these elements was higher in the kidney, liver and pancreas than other organs. The least accumulation of heavy metals was related to the rat’s brain, while highest proportion of the heavy metals accumulation was in the kidney.
Conclusion: The results demonstrated that if strawberry quality is not evaluated properly and distributed throughout community in the contaminated form, it can pose many harmful effects on the community’s health. Therefore, the quality control should be carried out with high precision.
R. Rezaei Malidareh; M. Shokrzadeh; B. Khasi; S. Rouhi4; F. Zaboli
Abstract
Background & objective:The processes of cooking and also washing reduce the amount of heavy metals in rice. So identify the best method of cooking and washing is essential to reduce heavy metals. The aim of this study is to evaluate the remaining cadmium and lead after cooking and washing processes ...
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Background & objective:The processes of cooking and also washing reduce the amount of heavy metals in rice. So identify the best method of cooking and washing is essential to reduce heavy metals. The aim of this study is to evaluate the remaining cadmium and lead after cooking and washing processes in Tarom rice in Qaemshahr city. Materials & Methods:Qaemshahr city was divided into five regions and of each region; three rice samples were collected, randomly. The concentration of lead and cadmium were evaluated in 75 raw rice samples, washed by water, cooked, rinsed rice and Kateh. Results were analyzed using software SPSS.18 and t-test student, Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's post hoc. Results: According to t-test Student test, amount of lead and cadmium in rice was higher than the international and Iran standards. The minimum amount of cadmium was in the rinsed rice method (0.19 ± 0.08) and lead was in the washed by water method (0.87 ± 0.3). ANOVA showed that there was a significant difference between concentrations of cadmium and lead in samples of rice in different regions (p <0.05).Duncan test also showed that the average of the amounts of cadmium and lead in raw samples had a significant difference with all samples, and residue of these metals in raw rice was more than other samples (p <0.05). Conclusion: The amount of heavy metals in studied rice samples was higher than the standard limit. The minimum amount of metals was observed in the rinsing and washing methods. As regards that contamination in planted ricesnear industrial wastewater was higher than the others, So planting rice in areas closing to the industrial factories should be prevented, and best methods for rice cooking should be trained.