mahin karbar; aliasghar najaf poor; hossein alidade; Habibollah Esmaily
Abstract
Introduction: Daily excreted large amounts of waste from human communities in different ways. A significant portion of this waste consists of organic material. The recycling of these materials and using them in different ways prevent the damage caused to the environment and conserve resources and energy ...
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Introduction: Daily excreted large amounts of waste from human communities in different ways. A significant portion of this waste consists of organic material. The recycling of these materials and using them in different ways prevent the damage caused to the environment and conserve resources and energy is human attention. One of the appropriate methods of disposal of these wastes, production of organic fertilizer, vermicompost is. Objectives & ( hypothesis OR questions): Given that the municipality Ghochan, rotted cow manure and dried leaves of the trees used to produce vermicompost In this study the vermicompost production of cow manure, fruit waste, paper, sawdust and leaves (as carbon source) and germination index vermicompost is examined To finally be able to obtain the best additive to produce vermicompost. Materials & Methods: 5 treatments that are used to carry out the plan include: cow manure- Fruit lesions- Sawdust- leaf- Paper- Composition of the waste. Results: Used waste includes waste sawdust, fruit, paper, leaf and composition of the waste is suitable for vermicomposting is Eisenia fetida earthworms and proper nutrition. Waste paper to produce vermicompost alone is not suitable and it is better to prepare vermicompost should be used in combination with other organic wastes.. Conclusion: Changes of ash and carbon and C / N ratio indicates the fact that virtually After 70 days, the bedding materials are firmly established.
Rouya Peiravi; Hossein Alidadi; Allah Bakhsh javid; Ali Asghar Najafpoor; Habibollah Esmaeili; Fatemeh Joulaei
Abstract
Background and objectives: Water is the major challenging issue worldwide. In Iran, water shortage is more serious than other countries because it is located on arid and semi-arid region. The objective of this research was modeling of drought effects on variation of chemical water quality in the wells ...
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Background and objectives: Water is the major challenging issue worldwide. In Iran, water shortage is more serious than other countries because it is located on arid and semi-arid region. The objective of this research was modeling of drought effects on variation of chemical water quality in the wells of Kashaf Rood area in Mashhad plain in 2006-2010. Materials and Method: Quality and levelraw data(2006-2010) of 16 drinking water wells in Kashaf Rood area and also meteorological parameters were extracted. Data were analyezed by SPSS and Excel softwares and modeled was by STELLA software.Normal and Pearson corrolate test were used in significance level α= 0.05, to understand relationship between water level and quality. Results: Ground water level from 2006 to 2010 have had 6 meter loss. Mashhad plain experienced the least rainfall with an average annual 104.7 mm in 1998-99 and the most rainfall with an minimum annual 414.6 mm. Maximum temperature have been 35 to 40 0C in the hot months and also shortage rain and intensive water level loss were observed in these months in 1991-1992. Examination between water level variation and water ground indexes (TDS & TH) determined that all wells had no significant relationship between thoseparameters except wells No 5(p=0.028) and 9 (p=0.024). According to model results could be concluded model have good accuracy to estimate groundwater characteristics concentration. Conclusion: Mentioned ground water level loss in the area indicates need for appropriate planninig and management of water resources and rainfall so that will be prevented direct and indirect drought (ie: quality change) Paper Type: Research Article